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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vessel duplications of the anastomosis of the cirulus arteriosus iridis minor were observed in 15 patients with diabetes mellitus and in four patients with retinal venous occlusion, in a total of 1192 iris angiograms made. In each of these cases there is a bilateral neo-vascularization that may be regarded as an indication of a general vascular disease. It could be a fairly unaggressive process of new vessel formation in the iris which, during four years of observation, has in none of the cases observed developed into a rubeosis iridis visible under the slit lamp.
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PMID:[Circular neovascularization of the circulus arteriosus iridis minor]. 615 58

A series of 39 subjects, aged under 70, had the numbers of lipid globules counted in the slit lamp within 4 regions of the right eye and 4 regions of the left. The counting was repeated after an averaged period of 12 months (range 7-20 months). The investigation disclosed that the number of lipid globules rises. No instances were detected of a fall in their number, allowance being made for errors of measurement, assessed on the basis of blind double counting. The degeneration is not positively correlated to xanthelasma, diabetes mellitus, or presenile arcus.
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PMID:Episcleral and subconjunctival lipid deposits. One year follow-up. 662 14

Loss of transparency in the human lens can be documented by a variety of methods including: (a) slit lamp photography with or without corrections for depth of focus; (b) retroillumination photography alone or coupled to densitometry; (c) high resolution targets projected into the eye and visualized by an ophthalmoscope; (d) drawings and/or measurements of lens opacities; (e) visual acuity determinations after visualization of the macular area and complete eye examination. The advantages and practical uses of each method were reviewed with reference to its value in determining the progression of cataracts in humans. Diabetes accelerates cataract development as determined from graphic plots of cataracts classified after surgical extraction vs the patient's age. Using similar methods high aspirin dosages administered through many years were found to decelerate cataract progression. Drugs for preventing development of diabetic cataracts in animals include inhibitors of aldose reductase or glycosylation such as sulindac (Clinoril), sorbinil or aspirin.
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PMID:Methods for evaluation of medical therapy of senile and diabetic cataracts. 696 92

This study investigates whether experimental diabetes alters the ease with which platelet aggregation can be initiated in pial and mesenteric microvessels of the mouse. Aggregation was elicited by exposing microvessels to radiant energy from a mercury lamp in the presence of sodium fluorescein. The time required for this noxious stimulus to initiate aggregation was similar in fed or fasted alloxan diabetics and their controls, and in fed streptozotocin diabetics and their controls, but was significantly shortened in streptozotocin mice fasted for 18 to 24 hours when these animals were compared with either fed or fasted controls. Aggregation was also elicited by puncture of microvessels or by micropunture plus locally applied adenosine 5'-diphosphate. No differences in aggregability were found between either fed or fasted diabetics and their respective controls. In the light plus dye model of injury, the capacity to enhance aggregation at will by fasting streptozotocin diabetics may provide a means by which some of the factors controlling aggregation in this model of diabetes can be identified, enhanced aggregation in other species or in other types of diabetes.
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PMID:Proaggregatory effect of fasting on platelet aggregation in the microcirculation of mice with streptozotocin diabetes. 702 11

Fluorophotometry using the Metricon Model 120 slit-lamp fluorophotometer showed, at an anterior focus, two peaks which corresponded to the cornea and ciliary region--the latter predominantly due to the ciliary body but contributed to by the lens--and following this, at a posterior focus, a mid-vitreous minimum and a chorioretinal peak. Tracings made both before and after fluorescein injection were similar but the levels were higher post-injection, with increasing age and with non-pigmented irides. The change in fluorescein distribution with time after injection is described. Abnormally high fluorescein levels were found in the normal fellow eye in retinal vein occlusion, in diabetes, in senile macular degeneration with neovascular membrane, in active central serious retinopathy and in acute optic neuritis. It is of use in the differentiation of primary choroidal melanoma from naevus and metastases. There was no correlation between isolated measurements of the haemoglobin A1C level and leakage; plasma and ultrafiltrate fluorescein levels in diabetics did not differ from normal.
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PMID:Experiences with fluorophotometry. 710 62

Animal studies have shown that insulin eyedrops containing an absorption-enhancing agent can have a significant effect on blood glucose levels. When formulated as a topical solution, insulin might potentially be used to treat or augment the treatment of diabetes mellitus in humans. We sought to investigate the feasibility of using insulin eyedrops in humans by studying the local toxicity and efficacy of insulin administered without surfactant to the eyes of healthy volunteers. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-masked study was conducted in which 8 subjects were given 50 microliters of sterile normal saline containing varying insulin concentrations randomized to one eye, and 50 microliters of placebo (sterile normal saline) to the fellow eye. Subjective ocular irritation was evaluated, and the eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior chamber were examined objectively with slit lamp biomicroscopy. Subjects were evaluated for 2 hours following administration of a single dose of insulin. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in toxicity observed by any parameter evaluated between eyes receiving insulin and placebo. No systemic absorption of insulin was observed; blood glucose levels and serum immunoreactive insulin levels were unchanged. The results of this study suggest that single-dose insulin in concentrations up to 100 U/ml formulated in saline has no detectable clinical toxicity to the anterior structures of the human eye.
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PMID:Insulin administration to the eyes of normoglycemic human volunteers. 771 12

The study group consisted of 30 patients with a functioning pancreas graft of at least 12 months. Fifty-seven eyes were examined; 26 eyes from 15 patients with a non-functioning pancreas graft made up the control group. Three patients were in both groups because their graft was rejected after a 12-month period. The mean age in the study group was 37 years, the mean observation time 38 months. The mean duration of diabetes before transplantation was 24 years and all patients were on kidney dialysis. Retinal coagulation for diabetic retinopathy had previously been performed in 80.7% of the patients. The mean age (38 years), observation time (36 months), duration of diabetes before transplantation (24 years), and incidence of retinal coagulation (84.6%) were comparable in the control group. All patients had regular ophthalmological examinations every 6 to 12 months. This included best-corrected visual acuity, applanation tonometry, slit-lamp examination and dilated binocular funduscopy. Seven 30 degrees fundus pictures of the posterior pole were taken: The images were graded by comparing them with the ETDRS (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study) Group standard photographs. The original Airlie House grading scale was changed because we did not take stereoscopic pictures. Evaluation and grading were done independently by two examiners. The retinopathy score was graded from 0 (no retinopathy) to 11 (no evaluation possible due to opaque media). Visual acuity remained stable in both the study and control groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Does combined pancreas-kidney transplantation modify diabetic retinopathy in type-1 diabetic patients?]. 833 33

In three patients with transient cataracts the lenticular opacities were feathery in nature, and posterior subcapsular in location. They appeared to emanate from a dense central posterior subcapsular plaque. These opacities were examined with the slit lamp and documented photographically. The onset of cataract was abrupt in all three patients, and resolved over a three- to 36-day period. Two patients had bilateral reversible cataracts, and in one of these patients the lenticular opacities were recurrent. Two of the patients had been taking oral corticosteroids. Temporary cataracts have been previously reported in patients with poor diabetic control. Diabetes mellitus had been diagnosed in only one of our patients. Three-hour glucose tolerance testing of the other two patients disclosed mildly increased one-hour blood glucose levels. We believe that reversible lens opacities may occur in subclinical diabetes mellitus with normal or only mildly increased blood glucose levels.
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PMID:Transient posterior subcapsular lens opacities in diabetes mellitus. 843 Jul 34

The objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolic effects and opthalmologic effects of alpha-interferon therapy in diabetes mellitus patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Three volunteer patients [insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), insulin requiring non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY)] threatened with blindness due to progressive PDR were treated with alpha interferon for 4 months and were evaluated at intervals of 1-2 weeks to monitor the drug effects on carbohydrate tolerance and possible beneficial therapeutic effects on the preexisting PDR. Metabolic studies included basal and postsustacal glucose, c-peptide and glucagon, fasting serum cortisol, free fatty acids, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, and urinary microalbumin excretion. Ophthalmologic studies included visual acuity, slit lamp examination, gonioscopy, fluorescein angiography, and standard colored fundus photographs. In all subjects, hyperglycemia worsened with duration of increasing dosage of interferon therapy, requiring progressively higher daily insulin requirements of 17%-68% above pretreatment values. Lowered levels of stimulated C-peptide were observed in the NIDDM and MODY subjects. The counterregulatory hormones (cortisol, growth hormone, and glucagon) were elevated during the 4 months of interferon therapy. In all subjects, visual acuity appeared to stabilize. No new retinal hemorrhages occurred during the 4 months of interferon administration, although all subjects experienced hemorrhage within 6 weeks of termination of the drug. Although only three subjects were investigated, the 1-2 week frequency of metabolic and opthalmologic studies permit some conclusions. The metabolic effects of alpha interferon in our diabetic subjects were consistent worsening of carbohydrate tolerance associated with impaired beta-cell secretion and increased insulin resistance. The extensive opthalmologic investigation suggested protection from retinal hemorrhage while receiving interferon, but further studies are indicated to validate these proposed and antiangiogenic properties.
J Diabetes Complications
PMID:A pilot study of chronic recombinant interferon-alfa 2a for diabetic proliferative retinopathy: metabolic effects and opthalmologic effects. 877 37

Ninety patients with aphakia and diabetes were examined. Intraocular pressure was normal in 30 patients, in 30 aphakia was concomitant with primary glaucoma, and 30 presented with aphakic glaucoma. Fundus oculi was examined with a slit lamp and +60 D lens, gonioscopy and cycloscopy were carried out using a contact prism proposed by the authors. Aphakic glaucoma developed as a result of changes in the anterior chamber corner: coarse postoperative cicatrices and vitreo-corneal adhesions. Diabetic retinopathy was equally incident in all three groups of patients. Changes in the ciliary vessels can anticipate diabetic retinopathy. New vessels on ciliary body processes is an unfavorable prognostic sign as regards visual functions in patients with aphakia and increased intraocular pressure.
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PMID:[Characteristics of aphakic eye in patients with diabetes]. 972 Mar 92


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