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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fluorescence angiography of the iris was performed on 135 patients with diabetes mellitus. The changes in the iris were classified as iridopathia diabetica simplex and iridopathia diabetica proliferans, corresponding to similar changes in diabetic retinopathy. Thus punctata leakage of dye, especially around the pupillary margin, was classified as iridopathia diabetica simplex, whereas additional, angiographically verified new vessel formation was described as iridopathia diabetica proliferans. 123 of 135 patients (91.1%) showed diabetic changes of the iris. Of these 85 (62.9%) had iridopathia diabetica simplex changes and 38 (28.2%) had iridopathia diabetica proliferans changes. The incidence of diabetic iris changes appeared unrelated to age but appeared to increase with duration of diabetes. A correlation between the onset of diabetic vascular changes of the iris and of the retina could not be confirmed: the diabetic changes in the iris vessels can precede those of the retina whereas, on the other hand, almost all patients with a diabetic retinopathia also show an iridopathy. Iris angiography is of clinical value because first signs of diabetic vascular damage can be seen in the iris earlier than in the retina, the iris appearing normal on slit-lamp microscopy.
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PMID:[Diabetic changes in the blood vessels of the iris. A fluorescence angiographic study]. 48 79

Diabetic patients grouped according to the evolutive stages of their retinal involvement were examined by a direct method for estimation of segmental retinal blood flow by slit-lamp fluorophotometry. Initial stages of retinal involvement in diabetes, in which the only alteration is a breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier, show values of segmental blood flow that are within normal limits. Patients with a minimal background retinopathy show a slight increase in retinal blood flow, whereas an highly significant increase of segmental blood flow is observed in the more advanced stages of background retinopathy with maculopathy. In general, a good correlation is apparent between the progressions of diabetic background retinopathy and increase in retinal blood flow. On the other hand, patients with proliferative retinopathy show lower values of retinal blood flow, which are attributable to a marked decrease in arterial diameter.
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PMID:Studies on retinal blood flow. II. Diabetic retinopathy. 65 16

Fluorescence angiography of the iris was performed on 75 patients with diabetes mellitus. The changes in the iris were classified as iridopathia diabetica simplex (ID-s) and iridopathia diabetica proliferans (ID-p), corresponding to similar changes in diabetic retinopathy. Thus punctate leakage of dye, especially around the pupillary margin, was classified as ID-s, whereas additional, angiographically verified new vessel formation was described as ID-p. 69 of the 75 patients (92%) showed diabetic changes of the iris. Of these, 50 (67%) had ID-s changes and 19 (25%) had ID-p changes. The incidence of diabetic iris changes appeared unrelated to age but appeared to increase with duration of the diabetes. A correlation between the onset of diabetic vascular changes of the iris and that of the retina could not be confirmed: the diabetic changes in the iris vessels can precede those of the retina whereas, on the other hand, almost all patients with a diabetic retinopathia also show an iridopathy. The clinical value of iris angiography lies therein that the first findings of diabetic vascular damage can be seen in the iris earlier than in the retina, the iris appearing normal on slit-lamp microscopy.
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PMID:[Iris angiography studies in patients with diabetes mellitus]. 66 11

Colour vision function was assessed in 38 non-complicated type 1 diabetic patients in whom fluorescein angiography was normal, and was compared with that in 36 age-matched, non-diabetic controls. All of the patients were healthy and none were taking medication except insulin. The eye examination, which was normal in every patient, included the Ishihara and City University tests, measurement of Snellen acuity, slit-lamp examination, tonometry, and fundal photography as well as fluorescein angiography. Colour discrimination ability was measured with the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test. Mean (SE) 100-hue test error score for the diabetic group was 86.8 (8.1) compared with 28.2 (3.3) for controls, p<<0.001. There was no relation between colour vision abnormalities and diabetes duration (r = 0, p>0.05), blood glucose at the time the colour tests were performed (r = 0.4, p > 0.05), most recent glycated haemoglobin result (r = 0.3, p>0.05), or the mean of all previous glycated haemoglobin results (r = 0, p>0.05). It is concluded that colour discrimination may be abnormal in uncomplicated type 1 diabetic patients before the onset of retinopathy, and that colour discrimination losses in diabetes may not be of vascular aetiology.
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PMID:Detection of colour vision abnormalities in uncomplicated type 1 diabetic patients with angiographically normal retinas. 139 May 26

Topical and systemic steroids have proven to be invaluable agents in the treatment of a wide range of disorders, but their use is not without potential complications. Before initiation of therapy with systemic steroids, a personal or family history of cataracts, glaucoma, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, renal stones, peptic ulceration, and current infection or pregnancy should be ascertained, because these patients have an increased risk of complications. Prior to long-term therapy with systemic steroids, blood pressure measurement, tuberculin skin test, and anergy panel are recommended. Monthly follow-up may include measurements of weight, blood pressure, electrolytes, and blood sugar and guaiac testing of the stool. To prevent the ocular complications of steroid therapy, routine screening is indicated (Table 1). Screening for cataracts, which occur most commonly as a sequela of continuous systemic steroid use, may be performed by slit-lamp examinations conducted three or four times a year for patients on long-term therapy and twice a year for patients taking intermittent topical ocular or systemic steroids. Glaucoma is more often associated with topical ocular or periocular steroids than with systemic steroids; recommended screening includes a baseline intraocular pressure measurement, then routine pressure measurements taken every few weeks initially, then every few months. Ocular rebound inflammation may develop secondary to rapid tapering or abrupt discontinuation of topical ocular steroid use and is best prevented with gradual tapering. Opportunistic infections of the eye include bacterial, viral, and fungal infections and are most often associated with the use of topical ocular steroids. Ophthalmologic evaluation is indicated promptly if patients treated with ocular steroids develop ocular discharge, pain, photophobia, or redness.
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PMID:Ocular effects of topical and systemic steroids. 161 9

Evidence from epidemiological, in vitro and animal studies has accumulated to support the idea that aspirin, ibuprofen and paracetamol protect against cataract. In this study rats made diabetic with streptozotocin were given these drugs in their drinking solution for up to 160 days. All three drugs delayed cataract formation assessed by slit-lamp examination for a large part of this time. Blood glucose levels were a little lower in diabetic rats treated with aspirin and ibuprofen than in untreated diabetic rats although all groups remained diabetic. Similarly, the increased glycation (non-enzymic glycosylation) of lens proteins caused by diabetes was less in the diabetic rats treated with aspirin and ibuprofen. The fall in glutathione induced by diabetes was also alleviated by aspirin and ibuprofen. Paracetamol appeared to afford similar protection against the biochemical changes but its effect was not statistically significant. The decrease in glutathione and increase in glycation were related to the progression of lens opacification. The greatest loss of glutathione occurred at an early stage, whereas glycation had its greatest change at the later stages--nuclear and mature cataract. These results encourage the view that ibuprofen, aspirin and paracetamol could protect against cataract in man: a hypothesis that could be tested in a properly-conducted clinical trial.
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PMID:Prevention of cataract in diabetic rats by aspirin, paracetamol (acetaminophen) and ibuprofen. 162 37

The purpose of the study was to examine vegetative innervation of the pupil in different diseases associated and not associated with vegetative disorders. In addition to the ++clinico-neurological method, the main method of examination was to study the pupillary cycle (determination of the time of the pupillary cycle (TPC) with the aid of a slit lamp). Fifty healthy test subjects and 262 patients suffering from different somatic and neurologic diseases were examined. The patients were divided in 9 clinical groups: spinal amyotrophy, neural Charcot-Marie amyotrophy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, hemicrania, Raynaud's disease, idiopathic hyperhidrosis, vegetative crises. The data obtained demonstrate varying grades of the rise of the TPC in the indicated diseases, which reflects varying degrees of vegetative innervation of the pupil insufficiency. However, no well-defined correlation was obtained between the intensity of the psychovegetative syndrome and the TPC. Therefore, it has been shown that the method of determining the TPC is unsophisticated and noninvasive and can be successfully used in different forms of pathology to identify vegetative insufficiency at different stages of the disease.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the autonomic innervation of the pupil]. 165 96

The relation of the changes in the conjunctival blood vessels to the age were studied in a group of 217 persons aged 20 to 79 years. All persons suffering from arterial hypertension, diabetes, systemic diseases and manifested forms of arteriosclerosis were excluded. It has been proved that examination of the conjunctival blood vessels by means of the slot-lamp facilitates the study of the changes in the microscopic blood vessels in relation to the age. Most conspicuous was the increase of the meander course of the blood vessels, also the increasing number of blood vessels is more frequent in the group of older persons. Clusters of vessels and a narrowing of the diameter of the arterioles was seen only in persons over fifty years of age. The "upright" course of the arterioles was found only in individual cases and without any special dependence to age. Sacculations on the small veins and microaneurysms on the arterioles were not observed in any of the examined group of healthy persons.
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PMID:[Aging changes in conjunctival blood vessels]. 257 12

The spectrum of diabetic retinopathy, the need for fundus screening and the evaluation of two presumptive screening methods, was investigated in a population based study among patients with type II diabetes. Retinal evaluation was performed in 86.9% of the known diabetic population. Background diabetic retinopathy was detected in 37.8%, pre-proliferative in 1.1% and proliferative retinopathy in 3.8%. Diabetic maculopathy was found in 24.3% of the patients. Laser therapy was considered in 11.4% of the patients due to diabetic retinopathy, and in 14.6% when venous occlusive diseases were included. Two methods, a slit-lamp observation enhanced by a 60D lens and reading from two non-stereo photographs of the posterior pole, were evaluated among 154 patients willing and mentally capable of being examined by either method. The sensitivity of the photographic method was 87/97% (right eye/left eye) when detecting background retinopathy and 81/80% for maculopathy versus 69/61% and 79/63%, respectively, with the slit-lamp method. The photographic method could be applied in 93% of the patients mentally capable of cooperation. Only 5 or 6 patients could be examined per hour with the 60D slit-lamp compared with 30-35 examined by reading retinal photographs. The photographic method is recommended as an easy and reliable screening device for diabetic retinopathy among patients with type II diabetes.
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PMID:Non-stereo fundus photography as a screening procedure for diabetic retinopathy among patients with type II diabetes. Compared with 60D enhanced slit-lamp examination. 258 54

Fifty six diabetic patients aged 25-74 were under ophthalmological control in the period 1984-87. The mean time of duration of diabetes amounted 14 years. In 29 persons diabetes was insulinodependent and in the remaining insulino-independent. In 11 eyes the fundus exhibited diabetic changes with characteristics of angiopathy, in 43 eyes--of exudative retinopathy and in 58 eyes of proliferative retinopathy. Photocoagulation with a xenon-arc lamp of the diabetic changes was performed in all the patients. In dependence of the extent of the changes one used either a focused or a panretinal photocoagulation. In the majority of cases one could stop the progress of the diabetic changes on the fundus and preserve a fair visual acuity.
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PMID:[Photocoagulation in diabetes mellitus--our results]. 263 44


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