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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This prospective study demonstrated that among 92 consecutive patients who underwent cholecystectomy for gallstones at an urban university hospital, 27% had pigment stones and 73% had cholesterol stones. Age, sex, and weight, but not race, were significant determinants of stone type. The mean hemoglobin, direct and total serum bilirubin, and fasting glucose concentrations were similar for each group. The presence of alcoholism, diabetes, thyroid disease, or heterozygous hemoglobinopathy did not influence stone type. The average patient with pigment stones is a lean man or woman 63 years old; in contrast the composite patient with cholesterol stones is a modestly overweight woman 43 years old.
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PMID:Pigment vs cholesterol cholelithiasis: clinical and epidemiological aspects. 115 13

The minor components of hemoglobin which are increased in subjects with diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin Ala-c, were measured in identical twins concordant and discordant for diabetes to determine whether the observed increases represent a genetically determined abnormality. The mean values for the proportion of hemoglobins Ala-c in discordant twins differed markedly in the two members of the pair: 10.4 +/- 0.74 per cent for the diabetic twins and 6.85 +/- 0.33 for the nondiabetic twins (t = 4.3811, P less than 0.005). In concordant twins with juvenile onset diabetes, the mean proportion of Hb Ala-c was 11.4 per cent, and no marked differences were observed between members of twin pairs. Four pairs of identical twins concordant for maturity onset diabetes showed lower mean values for Hb Ala-c but did not show marked intra-pair differences. Thus, the abnormal proportions of hemoglobins Ala-c found in the presence of overt diabetes mellitus appear to be a manifestation of a metabolic abnormality of diabetes.
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PMID:Hemoglobin components in diabetes mellitus: studies in identical twins. 123 95

Hemoglobin AIc concentration, fasting blood sugar, response to an oral glucose tolerance test, and skeletal muscle capillary basement membrane thickness were measured in diabetic patients. Hemoglobin AIc concentration correlates with both response to a glucose tolerance test (r = 0.82, p less than 0.001) and fasting blood sugar (r = 0.62, p less than 0.001). The correlation of hemoglobin AIc concentration with glucose tolerance is independent of fasting blood sugar concentration (partial r = 0.61, p less than 0.005), whereas that of hemoglobin AIc with fasting blood sugar probably reflects the relationship between fasting blood sugar levels and glucose tolerance (partial r = 0.22, p less than 0.05). Hemoglobin AIc levels do not correlate with basement membrane thickness ( r = 0.15, p less than 0.05).
Diabetes 1976 Mar
PMID:Hemoglobin AIc as an indicator of the degree of glucose intolerance in diabetes. 125 13

Thirty-four adults with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to receive either oral glyburide or oral glipizide in a multicenter comparative trial. Fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were assessed at the beginning of the titration phase, the beginning of maintenance therapy, and the end of maintenance therapy. Maintenance therapy lasted approximately 3 months. The initial mean total dose of glyburide (5.4 mg) was significantly lower than that of glipizide (10.6 mg) (P = 0.04) and remained significantly lower at the beginning of maintenance therapy (7.8 mg versus 15.3 mg; P < 0.01) and at the end of the trial (10 mg versus 16.8 mg; P = 0.05). Although significant differences were not detected for fasting blood glucose or HbA1c, patients received higher total doses of glipizide compared with glyburide at the middle and final evaluations to maintain the fasting blood glucose between 3.9 and 10 mmol/L and HbA1c at < 9%. No serious adverse reactions were observed in any patient. These results indicate that doses of glipizide required to maintain blood glucose between 3.9 and 10 mmol/L and HbA1c at < 9% increased over time. Seventy-five percent of patients receiving glyburide were controlled with once-daily dosing compared with 29.4% of those treated with glipizide. Both glyburide and glipizide provide safe and effective treatment for patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, but more patients will benefit from once-daily therapy with glyburide.
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PMID:Glyburide versus glipizide in the treatment of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 128 87

The authors present a case of spontaneous ketoacidosis developed by one 32 years Krenak indian. The patient denied alcoholism and his mother had Type II diabetes for the last 3 years. The search to islets and insulin autoantibodies was negative in this patient. The basal C-peptide was found normal during follow-up. The patient received a short insulin therapy and now he shows good metabolic control (normal glycosylated hemoglobin) with oral hypoglycemic treatment. The environment influence, indian customs and the rarity of spontaneous ketoacidosis in these individuals were reviewed and discussed.
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PMID:[Diabetic ketoacidosis in a Krenak Indian]. 130 56

This project tested the importance of enhanced information transfer of home monitoring results to health care providers. The study tested whether computer-assisted communication of medical information between the chronic care patient and the physician can result in health care benefit. The information tools were constructed/adapted as a test of this hypothesis for diabetes mellitus. Patients connected a glucometer to an intelligent modem weekly for six to nine months. Graphical and mathematical tools extracted and emphasized the information content of the home monitoring data arriving at the central site. Data smoothing, trend analysis, and calculation of quality control statistics were incorporated into a graphical time series oriented report that was used by the health care provider during an outpatient visit. The integrated home monitoring system was tested on 20 patients with diabetes in a double cross-over design over a 15-month period. A significant improvement in serum glucose control as measured by glycated hemoglobin was shown in the study group, but not in the control group.
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PMID:Improved care of patients with diabetes through telecommunications. 130 83

To elucidate the mechanism of hyperkalemia in diabetic patients without renal failure, we investigated (Na(+)-K+) adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity in erythrocyte membrane, erythrocyte Na+ and K+ content, and plasma endogenous digitalis-like substance in control subjects (n = 16) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients (n = 62). NIDDM patients were divided into normokalemic patients (NKDM, n = 48) and hyperkalemic patients (HKDM, n = 14). There was no difference in plasma glucose or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma aldosterone concentrations (PAC) between NKDM and HKDM patients. (Na(+)-K+)ATPase activities in NIDDM patients were significantly reduced compared with those in control subjects (0.336 +/- 0.016 mumol-inorganic phosphate [Pi]/mg protein/h, mean +/- SEM, P less than .05), and (Na(+)-K+)ATPase activities in HKDM patients (0.243 +/- 0.015 mumol Pi/mg protein/h) were significantly reduced compared with those in NKDM patients (0.295 +/- 0.008 mumol Pi/mg protein/h, P less than .01). Plasma K+ content had a significant negative correlation with (Na(+)-K+)ATPase activity in diabetic patients (r = -.365, P less than .01). Erythrocyte Na+ content had a significant negative correlation with (Na(+)-K+)ATPase activity in control subjects (r = -.619, P less than .05). There was no difference in plasma endogenous digitalis-like substance among the three groups. (Na(+)-K+)ATPase activity was not significantly correlated with plasma endogenous digitalis-like substance in control subjects and diabetic patients. These findings suggest that the reduction of (Na(+)-K+)ATPase activity, which was not related to plasma digitalis-like substance, may be partly responsible for hyperkalemia in diabetic patients.
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PMID:Reduction of erythrocyte (Na(+)-K+) ATPase activities in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with hyperkalemia. 131 28

To investigate the relationship between metabolic control and beta cell functions in chronic pancreatitis, 30 patients were selected for study, including 10 with diabetes mellitus in insulin-dependent state (group 1, Mean age 37.6), 10 with diabetes mellitus in non-insulin-dependent state (group 2, Mean age 47.8), and 10 with normal fasting glucose levels (group 3, Mean age 42.1). Each patient received urine routine, stool fat, renal function, biochemical study such as: serum lipid and glycosylated hemoglobin, eye fundi and X-ray examinations. Beta cell function was measured by C-peptide concentration six minutes after intravenous infusion of 1 mg glucagon. The results showed that the glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations were higher in group 1 than in group 2 or 3 patients (P less than 0.05), and were higher in group 2 than in group 3 patients (P less than 0.001) as well. The cholesterol and triglyceride levels were not significantly different among three groups. Furthermore, eight and two of group 1 and 2 patients manifested pancreatic calcification on abdomen X-ray examination (P less than 0.05). All and eight of group 1 and 2 patients received insulin injection respectively. In addition, group 1 patients were more likely to develop steatorrhea, other associated diseases and uncontrolled plasma glucose levels as compared with group 2 patients. In conclusion, insulin-dependent pancreatic diabetics had more advanced disease process and were therefore more likely to get other associated diseases than noninsulin-dependent pancreatic diabetics.
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PMID:Metabolic control and B cell function in patients with diabetes mellitus secondary to chronic pancreatitis. 131 3

Hematologic values are compared for normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after 6 weeks of induced diabetes. Most hematologic parameters were the same in the two groups except for blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate, all of which were elevated in the streptozotocin group. However the P50 (the PO2 at which the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is 50% of maximal) remained normal. We hypothesize that a left shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve caused by the glycation of a small percentage of the hemoglobin is compensated by elevation in the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate which returns the P50 to normal values. This compensatory mechanism also occurs in some stages of human diabetes.
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PMID:Comparison of hematologic parameters in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 131 51

In order to assess the potential role of the plasma membrane sodium-proton (Na+/H+) exchanger in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, we investigated 32 insulin dependent (type 1) diabetic patients and 21 control subjects. We tested the Na+/H+ exchange as the rate of amiloride sensitive and sodium dependent volume gain of platelets suspended in sodium propionate. Patients with diabetic nephropathy had significantly increased rates of Na+/H+ exchange (0.31 +/- 0.06 s-1 x 10(-2)) when compared to those without nephropathy (0.24 +/- 0.07, p less than 0.05) or to a control group (0.23 +/- 05, p less than 0.05). Nine patients who were classified as hypertensive had a highly significant increase in the Na+/H+ exchange rates when compared to 23 non-hypertensive diabetic patients: 0.33 +/- 0.04 versus 0.24 +/- 0.06 (p less than 0.001). There was no significant correlation between the Na+/H+ exchange rates and age, diabetes duration, glycated hemoglobin or fructosamine levels on the day of the test. In summary, the data presented here demonstrate an increase in the Na+/H+ exchange rate in insulin-dependent diabetic patients with nephropathy and hypertension.
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PMID:Increased platelet sodium-proton exchange rates in insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetic patients with nephropathy and hypertension. 132 Jul 32


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