Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recently, linkage between the ADA gene locus and MODY, a subtype of NIDDM, has been reported. The possibility that the region of chromosome 20q containing the ADA locus also may play a role in susceptibility to NIDDM needs to be investigated. Therefore, we examined the linkage between the ADA locus and NIDDM in affected siblings of 50 European white diabetic pedigrees--21 Italian and 29 British. Departure from independent segregation of the disease and an Alu VpA polymorphism within the 5' flanking region of the ADA locus was tested in the affected sib-pairs with the APM statistical method. After DNA amplification by the PCR and PAGE, five alleles were identified in the ALU VpA tract at the ADA locus in the two populations. Allele frequencies did not differ significantly between the two populations (chi 2 = 2.426, P > 0.05 [NS]). Analysis of the 50 diabetic sib sets, and independently of the Italian and British groups of affected sib pairs, revealed no segregation distortion between the marker locus and NIDDM. We conclude that mutations within or around the ADA locus are unlikely to play a major role in the etiology of NIDDM.
Diabetes 1992 Dec
PMID:Sib-pair analysis of adenosine deaminase locus in NIDDM. 144 5

We have analyzed the inheritance of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) on chromosome 20 in a large multigeneration family, the R.-W. family, and in two other MODY families. Of the four branches of the R.-W. pedigree which have been studied, two have documented early onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), while there is no evidence of early onset in the other two branches. The early-onset branches have apparently inherited the same D20S16 allele from the affected parent, while another D20S16 allele was inherited in the two branches without evidence of early onset. A test for homogeneity, the M-test, using the results of two-point linkage analysis with D20S16 indicates heterogeneity between early- and late-onset branches of the R.-W. family (P less than or equal to .014). In addition, analysis strongly suggests that MODY as expressed in the EDI and WIS families is unlinked to loci on chromosome 20 (P less than or equal to .018-.004). Comparable results are seen when the data are analyzed by the HOMOG program. Three polymorphic loci-D20S16, D20S17, and ADA--show no recombination with the MODY locus when two-point linkage analysis is used in the early-onset branches of the family. The multipoint lod score in the early-onset branches of the R.-W. family is 10.16, with the most likely location being between D20S4 and D20S17. Multipoint linkage analysis using the CHROMPICS option of the program CRI-MAP has been used to follow inheritance of the MODY disease locus. This analysis has identified two cases of possible nonpenetrance in the early-onset branches of the family (odds of at least 156:1), as determined by the appearance of apparent isolated double crossovers at the MODY locus in these unaffected individuals.
 ...
PMID:Linkage analysis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY): genetic heterogeneity and nonpenetrance. 153 97

To inform health-care providers and third-party carriers of the national quality assurance systems in place for diabetes education programs and the health professionals who provide education services and to indicate the need for consistent reimbursement of essential outpatient diabetes education services. The components of an independent quality assurance mechanism were examined and a survey was conducted to determine reimbursement coverage of ADA recognized programs. A national program to evaluate whether programs meet national standards is in place. Many ADA approved programs were reimbursed and official recognition helped in the process of attaining reimbursement. Insurance coverage decisions made by third-party carriers, however, were inconsistent and largely unpredictable. Outpatient education and follow-up for diabetes is an integral component of care. These services need to be more clearly defined to enable appropriate coding and coverage decisions to be made by third-party payors.
Diabetes Care 1992 Mar
PMID:Diabetes patient education programs. Quality and reimbursement. 155 18

MODY is a form of NIDDM inherited as an autosomal dominant condition. We studied the linkage of MODY to two loci: ADA and GLUT2 in two large pedigrees with nonradioactive microsatellite polymorphic systems. A positive linkage of ADA to MODY was recently demonstrated in the large RW pedigree. Formal linkage analysis excluded a tight linkage between ADA and MODY with a LOD score of -5.82 and -2.24 at a recombination fraction of 0.01 in the two families. This result suggests genetic heterogeneity in the molecular basis of MODY. GLUT2 is a candidate gene that is expressed in the liver and beta-cells of pancreatic islets. In the two families studied, the disease did not cosegregate with GLUT2 alleles. The LOD scores for GLUT2 were -7.79 and -1.9 at a recombination fraction of 0.001 in the two families, thus providing evidence against the involvement of GLUT2 in MODY.
Diabetes 1992 Aug
PMID:Linkage analysis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young with microsatellite polymorphisms. No linkage to ADA or GLUT2 genes in two families. 162 71

A highly polymorphic (dC-dA)n.(dG-dT)n dinucleotide repeat at the PLC1 locus on human chromosome 20 has been identified. Primers flanking the dinucleotide repeat were used for PCR amplification of the repeat region in 37 informative kindreds from the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain. Two-point linkage analysis indicates that PLC1 is closely linked to several chromosome 20 markers, including D20S16 (Zmax = 41.25; theta = 0.07), D20S17 (Zmax = 42.81; theta = 0.09), and ADA (Zmax = 57.24; theta = 0.05). Multipoint linkage analysis places the PLC1 locus between D20S18 and D20S17, 11.2 and 6.6 cM, respectively, from these loci (sex-averaged distances). In addition, the PLC1 gene shows linkage to the maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) locus on chromosome 20 with a lod score of 4.57 at theta = 0.089.
 ...
PMID:A microsatellite polymorphism associated with the PLC1 (phospholipase C) locus: identification, mapping, and linkage to the MODY locus on chromosome 20. 163 86

The DCNH is a unique collaborative venture in outpatient diabetes education. We believe it can serve as a model for rapidly developing standardized diabetes education in geographically dispersed communities. The heart of the organization is the educators' meeting, which enables an extensive sharing of ideas and information that benefit all patients in the region. The features crucial to our success have been (1) administrative leadership with a nursing management or educator background, (2) data collection and analysis, (3) local development of an educational curriculum based on ADA standards, and (4) centralized medical and administrative directors who are available to meet individual program needs. However, we are most indebted to the farsighted and strong commitment of our member hospitals to diabetes care in their communities.
Diabetes Educ
PMID:A unique collaborative network for diabetes education. 193 50

We were checking the thermal waters of Varazdinske Toplice--sulfuric mineral calcium natrium hydrocarbonic sulfatic hyperthermic (t: 57.8 st. C, H2S: 8.1 mg/l, min: 955 mg/l mvol uk. 24.70 Ca: 50.12 mvol%, HCO3 54.12 mval%, SO4 26.18 mval%) on the sugar level in the patient's blood, suffering from Diabetes mellitus. We were following the state of 35 patients who were on the peroral therapy with the antidiabetics and ADA diet before coming in our hospital. We excluded the medication therapy at the beginning of the experiment. The patients were drinking 1200 ml of mineral water daily and spent 30 min bathing in the same water. The checking lasted 20 days in the average, and the level of GUK was measured every third day. The results are encouraging, further examinations are still lasting.
 ...
PMID:[Use of the Varazdinske Toplice mineral water in the treatment of diabetes mellitus]. 213 62

Low-protein diets are being increasingly used as a treatment for early nephropathy associated with diabetes. Recent research studies have shown a decrease in proteinuria while serum albumin levels and weight have been maintained. A level of 0.6 g protein/kg ideal body weight has been suggested. In structuring these diets, fat should be restricted to approximately 30% of calories, with the remainder supplied as carbohydrate calories after the protein content has been calculated. In some persons, simple sugars need to be included to avoid excessive amounts of high-bulk, high-fiber carbohydrate foods. Insulin and oral agent dosages may need adjustment to compensate for increased glucose levels. Self-monitoring of glucose levels can provide valuable feedback for medication adjustment. Intensive dietary education is needed with these patients, as the diet is sometimes radically different from diets previously used. A hypothetical patient is described and diet calculations provided using the ADA Exchange Lists with accompanying menus.
Diabetes Educ
PMID:Implementation of low-protein diets for treatment of persons with early diabetic nephropathy. 271 93

The conventional food exchange list which has been used in most hospitals and nutrition related institutes in Taiwan is derived from that published by a Joint Committee of the American Diabetes Association, American Dietetic Association, and the Diabetes Section, U.S. Public Health Services in 1950. There are several disadvantages of using this conventional table as an educational tool for Chinese patients in Taiwan. Those disadvantages include ignorance of macronutrients, nonnutritional classification of food and variance in calories between food categories. Our food exchange list aimed to classify food items into carbohydrate, protein and fat-rich food groups isocalorically. First of all, a "rice-unit" is defined as a 1/4 bowl of cooked rice, which contains approximately 80 kcal. Second, 80 kcal derived from the "rice unit" was used as a basic calorie unit in this study for definition of carbohydrate-rich, protein-rich, and fat-rich food items. All of the following items contain approximately 80 kcal: 1/2 bowl of gruel, a small banana, two medium sized oranges, a slice of bread (carbohydrate-rich items), an egg, 38g of pork (protein-rich items) and two teaspoons of soybean oil (a fat-rich item). There are several benefits of using this recommended food exchange list: (1) Rice is the most important staple in the Chinese family. The recommended food exchange list is derived from rice to enhance practicality and compliance of the Chinese people in Taiwan. Moreover, the theory of a high carbohydrate, high-fiber diet recommended by the ADA in 1987 has been stressed in this study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Food exchange list based on 80-kilocalorie rice unit. 279 60

Eight insulin-dependent adolescents (4 boys, 4 girls) participated in an 8-wk program of supervised exercise, and 8 matched controls were encouraged to exercise on their own without supervision. All 16 subjects were asked to follow a standard ADA diet plan, kept a self-reported log of caloric intake, and met with a dietitian weekly to review their diets. Exercise for the supervised subjects was scheduled between the routine afternoon snack and the evening meal, and subjects were asked not to consume additional food on exercise days. After the 8-wk program, glycemic control, as measured by glycosylated serum albumin and blood glucose values (but not by glycosylated hemoglobin), improved in the supervised-exercise group despite reduced daily insulin dosage. Cardiorespiratory fitness, as measured by voluntary maximum treadmill time (Bruce protocol) and submaximal exercise heart rates, also improved. No changes were observed in the unsupervised control group.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Improved glycemic control after supervised 8-wk exercise program in insulin-dependent diabetic adolescents. 331 15


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>