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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The performance of the Diamat HPLC analyser (Bio Rad Instruments) was assessed, and the effect of this on-site HbA1 assay on the therapeutic decisions made at the diabetic clinic evaluated. The intra-assay CV for HbA1 at concentrations of 8.3 and 13.4% was 3.8 and 0.4%, respectively, with inter-assay CV of 5.0 and 3.0%. On a single day 82 HbA1 tests on consecutive patients were performed at the clinic. In 43 insulin-treated patients and 79 non-insulin-treated diabetic patients the HbA1 result changed the management decision in 25 and 18% of patients, respectively. The relationship between HbA1 and self blood glucose monitoring (SBGM) results in the previous 6-week period were also evaluated. In 41% of patients with insulin-treated diabetes who produced SBGM diaries there was a discrepancy between categories of blood glucose control, all of these patients having better SBGM than HbA1 values. This study highlights the feasibility and value of a within-clinic HbA1 assay for clinical decision-making and its usefulness in identifying problems of agreement with self-monitored tests.
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PMID:Within-clinic glycosylated haemoglobin measurement. 214 39

In order to determine if the linear pattern of thigh uptake medial to the femur often seen on a 99mTc diphosphonate bone scan (DiP) is caused by calcification of the femoral artery, 42 patients with and without this pattern were studied by a combination of conventional radiographs, radioisotope angiography and/or computed tomography. Risk factors for arteriosclerotic disease were recorded for all patients. These techniques identified the postulated femoral artery pattern on bone scan as always corresponding to calcified femoral arteries. The prevalence of diabetes, cigarette use, hypertension and a family or clinical history of arteriosclerotic vascular disease was the same in the groups with or without DiP uptake.
Int J Rad Appl Instrum B 1989
PMID:Clinical and radiographic correlates of femoral artery visualization on bone scan. 261 27

We have reported that sera from a majority of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) inhibit insulin-stimulated lipogenesis (3-3H-glucose conversion to 3H-lipid) in rat adipocytes to a greater extent than control sera or sera from patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). This effect was apparently due to a circulating, low molecular weight (Mr) substance soluble in acid/ethanol and resistant to proteases. We now describe the further characterization of this inhibitor isolated uniquely from NIDDM sera. Size exclusion chromatography of acid/ethanol extracts of sera on a Bio-Rad P2 column revealed the presence of a Mr 300-400 inhibitor of insulin-stimulated lipogenesis in 32 (70%) of 46 NIDDM sera but not in 9 IDDM or 12 control sera. NIDDM sera that contained the low Mr inhibitor had significantly elevated haemoglobin A1c levels compared with those without the inhibitor (14.1 +/- 2.6% vs 11.5 +/- 2.7%, p less than 0.001). In rat adipocytes, the low Mr inhibitor at a dilution equivalent to 1:40 unextracted serum, reduced maximal insulin-stimulated lipogenesis by 33%, 14C-6-glucose oxidation by 70% and 14C-1-glucose oxidation by 25%. In contrast, insulin-stimulated 2-deoxy-D-(1-3H) glucose uptake was unaffected. In the presence of the inhibitor, insulin sensitivity (insulin dose required for half-maximal response) was unchanged for lipogenesis but decreased for 14C-6-glucose oxidation and increased for 14C-1-glucose oxidation. In the presence of control sera, the low Mr inhibitor decreased basal lipogenesis (a measure of serum insulin-like activity) and its effect on insulin-stimulated lipogenesis was unaltered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes Res 1987 Jun
PMID:Isolation of a post-binding inhibitor of insulin action from the sera of non-insulin-dependent diabetics. 365 16

We have compared red cells from man and selected animals in order to determine the effect of glucose permeability on nonenzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin. Glucose permeability was highest in the primates (human, baboon, rhesus monkey), lower in dogs and rabbits, and nearly zero in pigs. Glycosylation of hemoglobin was measured by three independent methods: cation-exchange chromatography on Bio-Rex 70 (Bio-Rad, Inc., Richmond, California), agar gel electrophoresis, and affinity chromatography. The colorimetric thiobarbituric acid test did not provide valid data on animal hemolysates. However, this test was useful for identifying glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) components isolated on Bio-Rex chromatography. In all animals tested, levels of HbA1c (from Bio-Rex chromatography) and total glycosylated hemoglobin (from affinity chromatography) correlated well with glucose exposure, the product of intracellular glucose concentration, and red cell life span. These results indicate that nonenzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin in mammals is determined by three major variables: mean plasma glucose concentration, red cell life span, and red cell glucose permeability.
Diabetes 1982 Sep
PMID:Glycosylated hemoglobin in human and animal red cells. Role of glucose permeability. 716 May 43

Hemoglobin AI (HbAI) is a minor hemoglobin fraction, which is continuously formed by a glycosylation reaction throughout the life-span of the erythrocyte. The concentration of HbAI reflects the average blood glucose level during the preceding 1 - 2 months and HbAI-determinations have been found to be of value in long-term diabetes control. A simple and reliable microchromatographic method for HbAI-determinations, suitable for routine clinical analyses, is described. In a group of diabetic patients (n = 126) the mean (+ S.D.) S.D.) HbAI--value was 9.6 + 1.8%, in the reference group (n = 33) the corresponding value was 6.0 + 0.8%. A commercial kit (Bio-Rad) based on the same principle was compared with our method. It was of equal accuracy and gave comparable results.
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PMID:A rapid microchromatographic method for determination of hemoglobin AI. 724 38

We have recently identified a new member of the Ras/GTPase superfamily termed Rad which has unique sequence features and is overexpressed in the skeletal muscle of humans with type II diabetes (Reynet, C., and Kahn, C. R. (1993) Science, 262, 1441-1444). When expressed in bacteria as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein, Rad bound [alpha-32P]GTP quickly and saturably. Binding was specific for guanine nucleotides and displayed unique magnesium dependence such that both GTP and GDP binding were optimal at relatively high Mg2+ concentrations (1-10 mM). Rad had low intrinsic GTPase activity which was greatly enhanced by a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity present in various tissues and cell lines. Several known GAPs had no stimulatory effect toward Rad. Conversion of Ser to Asn at position 66 in Rad (equivalent to position 12 in Ras) resulted in a total loss of GTP binding. Mutation of Pro61 (equivalent to Gly12 in Ras) or Gln109 (equivalent to Gln61 in Ras) had no effect on Rad GTPase activity, whereas creation of a double mutation at these positions resulted in exceptionally high intrinsic GTPase activity. In vitro, Rad was phosphorylated by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PK). Phosphopeptide mapping indicated two PKA phosphorylation sites near the COOH terminus. Rad also co-precipitated a serine/threonine kinase activity from extracts of various tissues and cell lines which catalyzed phosphorylation on Rad but was not inhibited by PKA inhibitor. Thus, Rad is a GTP-binding protein and a GTPase which has some structure/function similarities to Ras, but displays unique features. Rad may also be phosphorylated on serine/threonine residues by PKA and other kinases, as well as regulated by its own GAP which is present in many tissues and cell types.
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PMID:Characterization of Rad, a new member of Ras/GTPase superfamily, and its regulation by a unique GTPase-activating protein (GAP)-like activity. 787 54

A gene encoding a 35-kilodalton guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein, Gem, was cloned from mitogen-induced human peripheral blood T cells. Gem and Rad, the product of a gene overexpressed in skeletal muscle in individuals with Type II diabetes, constitute a new family of Ras-related GTP-binding proteins. The distinct structural features of this family include the G3 GTP-binding motif, extensive amino- and carboxyl-terminal extensions beyond the Ras-related domain, and a motif that determines membrane association. Gem was transiently expressed in human peripheral blood T cells in response to mitogenic stimulation; the protein was phosphorylated on tyrosine residues and localized to the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. Deregulated Gem expression prevented proliferation of normal and transformed 3T3 cells. These results suggest that Gem is a regulatory protein, possibly participating in receptor-mediated signal transduction at the plasma membrane.
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PMID:Gem: an induced, immediate early protein belonging to the Ras family. 791 51

Glycolisated hemoglobin (HBA1c), fructosamine, glucose, albumin and total proteins were estimated 40 healthy pregnant women and 90 pregnant women with diabetes mellitus. Fructosamine was estimated by NBT method with "Fructosamine test" commercially available kit on Technicom automatic analyser RA-1000. Glucose was determined on Beckmman glucose analyser. HBA1c was assayed by Bio-Rad test, while albumin and total proteins by Beckmman tests. We found best correlation between fructosamine and HBA1c at pregnant women who were on dietary therapy worst at pregnancy women on insulin therapy.
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PMID:[Correlation of glycosylated hemoglobin and fructosamine in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus]. 820 15

To identify the gene or genes associated with insulin resistance in Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, subtraction libraries were prepared from skeletal muscle of normal and diabetic humans and screened with subtracted probes. Only one clone out of 4000 was selectively overexpressed in Type II diabetic muscle as compared to muscle of non-diabetic or Type I diabetic individuals. This clone encoded a new 29-kilodalton member of the Ras-guanosine triphosphatase superfamily and was termed Rad (Ras associated with diabetes). Messenger ribonucleic acid of Rad was expressed primarily in skeletal and cardiac muscle and was increased an average of 8.6-fold in the muscle of Type II diabetics as compared to normal individuals.
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PMID:Rad: a member of the Ras family overexpressed in muscle of type II diabetic humans. 824 82

To assess the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in diabetes mellitus, a serological test used to detect antibodies to H. Pylori in patients with diabetes mellitus. Within six months, 45 insulin-dependent, 98 non-insulin-dependent, and a control group of 159 outpatients were enrolled in this study. The age adjusted seroprevalence rate of Helicobacter pylori were determined using a commercial anti-Helicobacter pylori IgC and IgA ELISA (Bio-Rad). The prevalence rates increased with age in all age groups until 60-70 years. In diabetic patients, the frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection was higher than control subjects in nearly all age groups, reaching significance in three age categories of NIDDM patients and in one age category in IDDM patients. This higher seroprevalence could not be explained by differences in socioeconomic status or use of antibiotics.
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PMID:High seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in diabetes mellitus patients. 944 Jun 39


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