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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study was performed to clarify the clinicopathological differences between premenopausal endometrial carcinoma, which occurs during the reproductive period, and postmenopausal endometrial carcinoma. We analyzed 76 patients with endometrial carcinoma treated in our department between January 1984 and July 1994. Using classification criteria which included menstrual history and results of endocrinological tests (serum FSH, LH and estradiol), 50 (65.7%) patients were defined as postmenopausal, 16 (21.0%) as premenopausal, and 10 (13.1%) as unclassified. From an epidemiologic viewpoint, the incidence of nulliparity was higher in the premenopausal (37.5%) than in the postmenopausal (10%) patients. However, no significant differences were observed between the two groups with regard to the incidence of obesity, diabetes and hypertension. The results of our clinicopathological study revealed that premenopausal endometrial carcinoma had a significantly higher incidence of well differentiated (63.1%) and relatively less advanced (31.1% of cases at stages III and IV) cancers than postmenopausal carcinoma (38% and 46%, respectively). These features were positively correlated with prognosis, i.e., premenopausal patients in general had a much better prognosis than postmenopausal patients.
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PMID:Comparison of the clinicopathological characteristics of premenopausal and postmenopausal endometrial carcinomas: analysis of endocrinologically evaluated cases. 865 55

The levels of endothelins 1 and 2 (ET-1 and ET-2) have been examined in 415 follicular fluids of 57 women participating in the IVF-ET programme in the University Women's Hospital, Marburg, in relation to the morphological appearance ("maturity") and fertilizability of harvested oocytes as well as to the levels of inhibin, FSH, IGF-1, estradiol and progesterone. Follicular aspiration was done transvaginally in all patients after down regulation with nafareline and ovarian stimulation using urofollitropin and menotropin. Ovulation was induced by hCG. ETs were measured by RIA using commercial kits supplied by Peninsula Laboratories, Belmont, CA. For FF samples, ET-1 and ET-2 RIAs were revalidated. Immunoreactive ET-1 was detectable in all follicular samples, the average level being 18.5 +/- 11.8 pg/ml, ET-2 was present only in 67.5% of the samples, the average level being 13.6 +/- 16.3 pg/ml. There was no significant difference in the average levels of ET-1 in the fluids of small, medium and large follicles. However, there was a significantly higher level of ET-2 in the fluids of medium compared to large follicles and there was a negative correlation of the ET-2 levels to the volume of the follicle (p < 0.01) which suggests that ET-2 could play a role during the maturation of the ovarian follicles. Unlike ET-1, the mean concentrations of ET-2 were significantly higher in the fluids with oocytes which could be fertilized and cleaved than in those with oocytes which did not fertilize or cleave, thus indicating a role for ET-2 in the process of oocyte maturation. No correlations of ET levels were found with the levels of inhibin, FSH, estradiol and progesterone. However, ET-2 levels significantly correlated with the levels of IGF-1 (p < 0.001) indicating a possible synergistic effect of endothelins and IGF-system. In conclusion, this study is further evidence for a physiological role of the ETs in the human ovary.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1996
PMID:Human follicular fluid levels of endothelins in relation to oocyte maturity status. 875 May 75

A 56-year-old female with Graves' disease who presented with decreased secretion of gonadotropins is described. She was admitted to hospital because of her being in a state of confusion. One month before admission she had been diagnosed as having Graves' disease and was treated with methimazole since then. Plasma LH and FSH levels were undetectable, and their responses to LH-RH were extremely decreased in spite of undetectable levels of plasma estradiol and estriol. One year after treatment, both basal and stimulated values of LH and FSH reverted to normal as did those of TSH. Reversible suppression of gonadotropins as described herein has never been reported in cases of Graves' disease.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1996
PMID:Decreased secretion of gonadotropins in a patient with Graves' disease. 875 May 76

We report here a rare case of 47 XXY/46 XY mosaic Klinefelter's syndrome associated with multiple endocrine disorders. A 35-year-old male admitted for the evaluation of renal dysfunction and recurrent bone fractures was diagnosed as having Klinefelter's syndrome by endocrinological examinations and sex chromosome analysis. He has suffered from diabetes mellitus for more than ten years. The serum FSH and LH levels were high together with low free testosterone and estradiol levels. There was a discrepancy between basal serum GH and somatomedin-C levels. On admission, thyroid function revealed thyrotoxicosis with low radioactive iodine uptake and negative thyroid autoantibodies. During hospitalization, serum FT3 and FT4 levels were gradually decreased and serum TSH levels became elevated, leading to the diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis. Serum ACTH levels showed high basal levels with delayed, exaggerated responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Rapid ACTH test (1-24ACTH 0.25 mg) showed low cortisol responses and many of the adrenocortical steroids in plasma and urine were low or low normal. Furthermore, bone mineral density (BMD) by DEXA showed marked osteoporosis. Possible mechanisms underlying these varied endocrine disorders remain to be elucidated.
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PMID:47 XXY/46 XY mosaic Klinefelter's syndrome presenting with multiple endocrine abnormalities. 879 55

The effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) on LH and FSH secretion by human pituitary gonadotrophinomas in cell culture was studied. PACAP (1-38 peptide, 0.2-20 nmol/L) dose-dependently stimulated both LH and FSH secretion after 24 hours incubation. Of 11 tumours studied, PACAP (20 nmol/L) stimulated LH and/or FSH secretion by 1.7-4 fold in 9 cases. Two tumours did not respond to PACAP, although LHRH was stimulatory in these. None of the 11 tumours contained gsp mutations, excluding the possibility that these were the cause of the occassionally observed non-responsiveness to PACAP. A combination of PACAP (20 nmol/L) together with TRH (25 nmol/L) resulted in greater stimulatory effects on LH and FSH secretion than exerted by either peptide alone, but this was not observed with LHRH. In 3 tumours tested, PACAP stimulated cAMP production 2-3 fold by cultured human pituitary gonadotrophinomas but had no effect on rate of phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover. These results indicate that PACAP can directly stimulate LH and FSH secretion by human pituitary gonadotrophs and that PACAP-receptors in gonadotrophin-secreting tumours are coupled with adenylate cyclase but not the PI second messenger system. We conclude that PACAP may play a role in controlling gonadotroph function in the human pituitary gland.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1996
PMID:Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide directly stimulates LH and FSH secretion by human pituitary gonadotrophinomas. 881 43

To analyze the relative contribution of endocrine and physical factors to bone mineral density (BMD) in late menopause, we studied biochemical markers of bone turnover as well as sex and calciotropic hormones in 53 women (mean age 61 +/- 5.3 years), 5 to 23 years after natural menopause. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine and proximal femur by dual energy radiography. Stepwise regression analysis showed that age and PTH levels were the two major factors that significantly accounted for spinal BMD, with a final r2 = 0.27. Plasma androstenedione was the only other variable that contributed, albeit not significantly, to spine BMD increasing the r2 by 2%. Conversely, body mass was the main contributor to femoral BMD at all sites. While serum calcium and urinary hydroxyproline were significant determinants of neck BMD, urinary hydroxyproline and age provided significant source of variation for trochanteric BMD, and circulating FSH for BMD in the Ward's area. The final models gave r2 values of 0.35, 0.31, and 0.23, for neck, trochanter and Ward's areas, respectively. Thus, determinants of bone density differentially affect the vertebral and proximal femoral sites. While increasing age and PTH, probably reflecting a subclinical vitamin D deficiency, explain a decreased vertebral bone density, body mass appears to affect mostly the proximal femur. Circulating androgens play a secondary role. A persistently increased bone turnover state is conducive to lower bone density in late postmenopausal women.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1996
PMID:Endocrine and physical determinants of bone mass in late postmenopause. 881 45

The effects of three doses of a special Agnus castus extract (BP1095E1)--extracts from 120 mg, 240 mg and 480 mg of drug per day--were examined within the framework of a placebo-controlled clinical study of tolerance and prolactin secretion in 20 healthy male subjects during a period of 14 days. There was good tolerance during the study as regards the following: adverse effects, the effects on blood pressure and heart rate, blood count, Quick's test, clinical chemistry as well as testosterone, FSH and LH values. During each study phase the 24-hour prolactin secretion profile was measured from the penultimate to the final day, and the amount of prolactin release was monitored an hour after TRH stimulation on the last day. A significant increase in the 24-hour profile was registered with the lowest dose in comparison to placebo, the opposite being the case with the higher doses, i.e. a slight reduction. In contrast to the administration of placebo, the 1-hour AUC after TRH stimulation resulted in a significant increase with the lowest dose and a significant reduction with the highest dose. The results suggest effects of the special Agnus castus extract which are dependent on the dose administered and the initial level of prolactin concentration.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1996
PMID:The effects of a special Agnus castus extract (BP1095E1) on prolactin secretion in healthy male subjects. 902 45

The development of the anterior pituitary gland involves the proliferation and differentiation of ectodermal cells in Rathke's pouch to generate distinct cell types, each of which produces its corresponding trophic hormone. Studying pituitary development will therefore reveal novel aspects of organogenesis. In the present study, we examined by in situ hybridization the expression of genes for anterior pituitary hormones during development of the fetal pig pituitary. We found that the beta-subunit gene of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH beta) was first expressed at E40, (E = day of embryonal/fetal life), growth hormone (GH) mRNA appeared between E40 and E50, and the gonadotrophin genes (LH beta and FSH beta) were expressed at E50. The transcripts for TSH beta, LH beta and FSH beta were abundantly expressed at about E80, while GH mRNA continued to be richly expressed until after birth. The GH gene was first expressed in the mantle layer of the anterior lobe, while the TSH beta and gonadotrophin (LH beta and FSH beta) mRNAs were found in the central and the basal regions of the anterior lobe, respectively. All of these mRNAs (GH, TSH beta, LH beta, and FSH beta) remained concentrated until the end of gestation in the area where they first appeared. The distinctive pattern of developmental expression of these hormone genes in the fetal pig anterior pituitary makes this tissue an excellent system in which to study tissue-specific gene activation and regulation.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1996
PMID:Expression of GH, TSH beta, LH beta and FSH beta genes during fetal pituitary development in the pig. 902 48

Neutral alpha-glucosidase levels as epididymal marker, fructose levels as vesicular marker, zinc, citric acid and prostate specific antigen levels as prostatic markers were measured in the seminal plasma of eight transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemic patients in order to study epididymal and sex accessory gland secretions (eighteen subjects served as controls). FSH and LH as well as total and free testosterone were detected displaying unaltered serum values. Ejaculate of patients showed normal sperm count and low sperm motility, in the meantime seminal plasma exhibited unaltered both neutral alpha-glucosidase and fructose values but low levels of zinc, citric acid and prostate specific antigen were noticed as well. These data suggest an impaired prostatic secretion in the thalassemic patients studied. A local iron toxicity on the prostatic tissue could be supported by the decrease of its specific markers observed only in the subgroup of patients with high ferritin serum levels.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1997
PMID:Epididymal and sex accessory gland secretions in transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemic patients: evidence of an impaired prostatic function. 922 14

The prevalence of polycystic ovaries, according to ultrasonography, and associated clinical, endocrine, and metabolic features were investigated in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Thirty-four women with GDM 3-5 yr before the investigation and 36 controls with uncomplicated pregnancies, selected for similar age, parity, and date of delivery, were investigated. The women with previous GDM showed a higher prevalence of polycystic ovaries [14 of 34 (41%) vs. 1 of 36 (3%); P < 0.0001], hirsutism (P < 0.01), irregular menstrual cycles (P < 0.01), and a higher body mass index (BMI; P < 0.001) than the controls. Five women (15%) with previous GDM had developed manifest diabetes (excluded in comparisons of metabolic variables). After dividing the women with previous GDM into subgroups according to ovarian appearance, the 2 subgroups showed similar glucose tolerance and prevalence of diabetes, whereas the women with polycystic ovaries were younger (mean +/- SD, 33.3 +/- 1.4 vs. 38.2 +/- 1.1; P < 0.01), had higher truncal-abdominal/femoral fat ratio according to skin folds (P < 0.05), had higher concentrations of androstenedione (P < 0.01) and testosterone (P < 0.01), and had a higher LH/FSH ratio (P < 0.01), lower levels of GH (P < 0.01), higher levels of triglycerides (P < 0.05) and cholesterol (P < 0.05) in very low density lipoprotein, all independent of age and BMI, and had a higher prevalence of pregnancy-induced hypertension (50% vs. 15%; P < 0.05) during the index pregnancy compared with the women with normal ovaries. The group of women with GDM showed a lower early insulin release after glucose (i.v. glucose tolerance test) for their degree of insulin resistance (euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp) compared with controls (P < 0.05). In the two subgroups, insulin sensitivity was lower in the polycystic ovaries group, independent of BMI (P < 0.05), than in the group with normal ovaries. In conclusion, ultrasonographic, clinical and endocrine signs of polycystic ovary syndrome were much increased in women with a history of GDM. Compared with the women with normal ovaries and previous GDM, those with polycystic ovaries formed a distinct subgroup that may be more prone to develop various features of the insulin resistance syndrome. Both groups showed a similarly disturbed balance between beta-cell activity and insulin sensitivity, but in women with polycystic ovaries, insulin resistance may be the dominant component.
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PMID:High prevalence of polycystic ovaries and associated clinical, endocrine, and metabolic features in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus. 1059 46


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