Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alterations of plasma coagulation factors have been reported in diabetic patients with severe microangiopathy and metabolic derangement. No information is available, however, for well-controlled type-I diabetic patients. Thus, we studied coagulation factors of the contact phase and inhibitors in 80 fairly well-controlled diabetics (42 female, 38 male, age 28 +/- 11 SD years). Mean HbA1c in these patients was 6.6 +/- 1.0 SD, duration of diabetes ranged from 6 months to 30 years, and 36% had retinopathy shown by fluorescein angiography. The well-controlled diabetic patients did not differ from controls in terms of the activity of prekallikrein, factor XII, high molecular weight kininogen, kallikrein inhibitor, C-1-esterase inhibitor and antithrombin III. Only alpha-2-macroglobulin, an inhibitor of the contact phase of blood coagulation, was elevated significantly in these patients (p less than 0.05). Diabetics with retinopathy had similar activities of prekallikrein, factor XII, high molecular weight kininogen, kallikrein inhibitor, c-1-esterase inhibitor and antithrombin III when compared with patients without retinopathy and controls respectively. alpha-2-macroglobulin did not differ in patients with and without diabetic retinopathy but were significantly elevated in both groups compared with controls. Correlation analysis showed significant positive correlation between HbA1c and the activity of high molecular weight kininogen, kallikrein inhibitor and alpha-2-macroglobulin. In patients with poor metabolic control (n = 11; 6 female, 5 male; age 25 +/- 5 SD years; HbA1C 10.7 +/- 0.9) prekallikrein (p less than 0.05), kallikrein inhibitor (p less than 0.005) and alpha-2-macroglobulin (p less than 0.005) were significantly elevated compared to the controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes Res 1988 Apr
PMID:Coagulation factors of contact phase of haemostasis are normal in well-controlled type-I diabetic patients despite presence of diabetic retinopathy. 340 69

The renal kallikrein-kinin system is thought to participate in blood pressure regulation and displays abnormalities in human hypertension, as well as in many animal models of hypertension. Urinary excretion and tissue levels of renal kallikrein were measured in streptozocin (STZ)-diabetic rats in relation to blood pressure, glycemia, and insulin treatment. In study 1, STZ-diabetic rats with marked hyperglycemia showed reduced kallikrein-like esterase excretion, compared with control rats, when first measured after 7 days of diabetes (9.9 +/- 2.5 versus 17.5 +/- 2.4 EU/24 h, P less than 0.05). This difference increased with time and, after 210 days, urinary esterase excretion in diabetic and control rats was 6.7 +/- 2.1 and 39.0 +/- 6.0 EU/24 h, respectively (P less than 0.001). Urine kallikrein, measured by radioimmunoassay, was similarly reduced in diabetic rats (40.4 +/- 8.0 versus 88.0 +/- 6.5 micrograms/24 h, at 30 days, P less than 0.001). At 120 days, systolic blood pressures were elevated in diabetic rats (P less than 0.05), and at 180 days over 60% of the diabetic rats had pressures above the highest pressures of control rats. In study 2, STZ-diabetic rats were treated with insulin for 2 wk (2 U NPH at 0800 h, or 2 U NPH at 0800 and 1600 h). In the single-dose group, with hyperglycemia similar to that of diabetic rats in study 1, kallikrein excretion was reduced as early as day 2, compared with nondiabetic rats (56.0 +/- 6.1 versus 109 +/- 9.4 micrograms/24 h, respectively, P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes 1985 Jan
PMID:Urinary and renal tissue kallikrein in the streptozocin-diabetic rat. 384 6

Alloxan induced diabetes in rats was associated with a significant reduction in the acetylcholine esterase activity of the erythrocyte membrane. Preincubation of these membranes with insulin caused a rapid but transient stimulation of this enzyme activity in both normal and diabetic rats, the effect being more marked in the latter group.
 ...
PMID:In vitro insulin effect on acetylcholine esterase of erythrocyte membranes of normal and diabetic rats. 391 60

Temporal and spatial patterns of lipid deposition, vascularization and collagen deposition were described for subcutaneous adipose tissue in the fetal pig. Enzyme cytochemical changes were reported as they relate to the morphological differentiation of the subcutaneous depot. There are distinct temporal lags between the appearance of specific enzymes in adipocytes. For example, NADH-tetrazolium reductase activity appeared earliest whereas esterase activity appeared before lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. Adipose tissue primordia has been localized around specific tissue components in rat and pig tissues. These tissue components include hair follicles, sweat glands, large nerves, large blood vessels and mammary gland ducts. Lipid and enzyme cytochemistry demonstrates physical continuity between primordial cells and differentiated fat cell clusters. Alterations in maternal and/or fetal endocrine or metabolic profiles result in specific changes in fetal subcutaneous adipocytes. For example, maternal diabetes significantly increases cell size whereas genetic obesity has little effect on cell size but increases cellular LPL activity significantly. A comparison of subcutaneous and perirenal depots in the pig fetus indicated several depot specific anatomical and enzyme histochemical traits. Blood vessel architecture and vascular alkaline phosphatase activity clearly demarcated perirenal and subcutaneous depots in the fetus. These data indicate that site to site variations of adipose tissue characteristics may be reflecting intrinsic stromal-vascular aspects of specific locations.
 ...
PMID:Anatomical and enzyme histochemical differentiation of adipose tissue. 393 90

The authors evaluated 500 patients who yielded urine specimens containing red and white blood cells but that gave negative reagent test strip reactions to determine the medical usefulness of the microscopic examination in such cases. Half of the patients had a history of, or current signs and symptoms of genitourinary or renal disease (GURD), or had indwelling catheters, hypertension, or diabetes. The other half did not display these conditions. Red blood cells occurred rarely, and no red blood cell associated GURD was detected in these patients. Five had lower urinary tract infection. Seventy-two underwent further workup, but no GURD was found. Physicians did not comment or take action on the report in other patients. The authors found the test for leukocyte esterase and nitrite (LN) to have a predictive value for a negative result of 97% for exclusion of bacteruria. Based on these observations, the authors established in 1982 a policy that microscopic examination would be performed only on specimens negative by reagent test strip (including LN) if a "diagnostic urinalysis" (DU) was ordered. The authors recommended that DU be requested only for patients suspected of GURD. This has eliminated microscopic examinations on 25% of specimens and reduced costs.
 ...
PMID:Usefulness of microscopic examination in urinalysis. 654 7

The renal kallikrein-kinin system is thought to be involved in vasoregulatory and epithelial ion-transporting processes. Renal kallikrein has not been studied in patients with diabetes mellitus, a disease in which abnormalities of renal hemodynamics and electrolyte handling occur. The urinary excretion of this kallikrein was measured in 20 type I diabetic patients and 10 normal subjects. On a 120-meq Na diet, daily kallikrein excretion, determined by both esterase activity and direct RIA, in 12 poorly controlled diabetic patients [hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) = 14.2 +/- 0.5% (mean +/- SEM)] was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than excretion in 8 diabetic patients in good to moderately good control (HbA1c = 9.4 +/- 0.5%) or in 10 normal subjects. In these groups, urinary esterase activities were 9.4 +/- 1.0, 6.1 +/- 1.4, and 6.7 +/- 0.5 esterase units/24 h, respectively. Corresponding excretion values of immunoreactive kallikrein were 171 +/- 14, 118 +/- 26, and 123 +/- 11 micrograms/24 h. Creatinine clearances were similar in the three groups. Urinary kallikrein was also measured in 8 diabetic and 8 normal subjects during 7 subsequent days of 10 meq Na intake. It increased less in diabetic patients than in normal subjects during Na depletion (P less than 0.02). The increase in urinary kallikrein in the diabetic patients was inversely related to their HbA1c levels (r = 0.88; P less than 0.01). The effect of glycemic control on urinary kallikrein excretion was determined in nine diabetic patients. Initial glycemic control was achieved using an artificial endocrine pancreas (Biostator) and was maintained by continuous sc insulin infusion with a portable pump. Before glycemic control, urinary kallikrein was 190 +/- 30 micrograms/24 h (by RIA). After 8-12 days of glycemic control, excretion fell to 144 +/- 23 micrograms/24 h (P less than 0.02). The abnormalities in kallikrein excretion in diabetic patients were not correlated with differences in water, electrolyte, protein, glucose, or aldosterone excretion in any of the studies. These results show that kallikrein excretion was increased in patients with poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes, and excretion rose less in diabetic subjects with low Na intake than in normal subjects. Strict glycemic control decreased urinary kallikrein excretion. These findings suggest that the renal kallikrein-kinin system is functioning abnormally in diabetes mellitus.
 ...
PMID:Urinary kallikrein excretion in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and its relationship to glycemic control. 656 31

Ibopamine is an orally administered dopamine agonist which is rapidly converted to its active metabolite epinine by esterase hydrolysis. Ibopamine acts predominantly as a vasodilator and inhibitor of neuroendocrine activation in congestive heart failure, but also has mild positive inotropic effects at higher doses. The beneficial effects on cardiac and systemic haemodynamic parameters seen in short term studies have been maintained in predominantly noncomparative trials for up to 1 year, and improvements in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class and clinical symptoms have been observed in patients with congestive heart failure of varying severity. In double-blind studies conducted in small numbers of patients, the efficacy of ibopamine was comparable to that of digoxin, captopril, enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide. Ibopamine can successfully replace treatment with intravenous dopamine in patients with severe heart failure, and is effective and well tolerated when administered in combination with digoxin, diuretics and/or angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Ibopamine has shown no detrimental effects on renal function, few adverse effects on neurohormonal parameters and has demonstrated no significant proarrhythmic properties at therapeutic doses in patients with congestive heart failure. No adverse metabolic effects were observed during ibopamine therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus, nor did ibopamine have detrimental effects in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. While reliable evidence is required concerning effects on mortality before the role of ibopamine can be clearly defined, the drug appears to be a useful agent for combination with conventional therapies in treating patients with mild to severe congestive heart failure.
 ...
PMID:Ibopamine. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use in congestive heart failure. 790 58

The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of Jin-Qi-Jiang-Tang-Pian (JQJTP) on fasting blood glucose (FBG), postcibal blood glucose (PBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), acetylcholine esterase (AchE), insulin, RBC-superoxide dismutase (RBC-SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Efficacy was observed in 40 cases of diabetes mellitus, 20 cases administered with Yu-Quan Pian (YQP) were taken as control. Each group took drugs for two months. After treatment with Jin-Pi-Jiang-Tang-Pian, FBG, PBG, AchE were apparently dropped and RBC-SOD increased, as compared with patients of the YQP group (P < 0.05-0.01), and major symptoms of diabetes were improved. In experimental study, model rats suffering from diabetes induced by alloxan were observed, the rats' blood sugar level above 11.1 mmol/L were chosen for observation. These rats were divided into JQJTP group, YQP group and control group. It was found that JQJTP was able to lower blood sugar, TG and MDA (P < 0.05-0.001) significantly, with a increase of the SOD/MDA, as compared with those of patients of the control groups.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical and experimental study on effect of jin-qi-jiang-tang-pian on qi-yin deficiency and hyperactivity of diabetes mellitus]. 831 92

Kidney haemodynamics appear to change after the early phases of diabetic nephropathy: increases in glomerular filtration rate and in renal plasma flow have been widely reported, while kidney size is increased. As the renal kallikrein-kinin system has been demonstrated to regulate kidney blood circulation, we have evaluated the excretion of urinary kallikrein in 87 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with and without hyperfiltration. Urinary kallikrein excretion was measured in 24-h urine collections. The esterolytic activity was determined by fluorimetric assay. The excretion of urinary kallikreins was significantly higher in hyperfiltering patients (472 +/- 125 esterase units/24 h) than in normofiltering (168 +/- 77 esterase units/24 h) and control subjects (151 +/- 39 esterase units/24 h), p < 0.001. Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between urinary kallikrein excretion and glomerular filtration rate (r = 0.785). These data suggest that variations of kallikrein and kinin concentrations may play a role in the alteration of renal haemodynamics in Type 1 diabetes. It is possible that the kinin-kallikrein system, the renin-angiotensin system and the prostaglandins may interact to determine the haemodynamic alterations which are present in the diabetic disease.
 ...
PMID:Urinary kallikrein excretion in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. 831 46

Our object was to evaluate the effects of regular mild exercise on blood pressure and on circulating level of ouabainlike factors (OLF) and of nitrate anion, an endproduct of nitric oxide (NO) in humans. We measured plasma ouabainlike immunoreactivity (OLI) and nitrate ions (NO3.) before and after mild exercise for 3 months' duration in 16 patients with essential hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, or hyperlipidemia. Plasma OLI was measured using an amplified ELISA system with anti-ouabain antibody and biotinyl-tyramide. Serum NO3. was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an anion-exchange column. With the reverse phase HPLC system with an octa decylsilyl silicagel column, the elution volume of plasma OLI of a healthy volunteer matched that of authentic ouabain in a gradient elution system of acetonitrile/H2O. Plasma OLI levels decreased significantly by about 34% after mild exercise, and NO3. levels tended to be within the reference interval in normal volunteers. Body weight, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride and acetylcholine esterase (a marker of the fatty liver) were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) after 3 months of regular mild exercise. The plasma OLI level was significantly correlated with plasma NO3., there was a trend toward a correlation with diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.06) before and after regular exercise. Regular mild exercise led to a decrease in plasma levels of OLI, and acetylcholine esterase activity and blood pressure in adult patients. Results suggest that changes in OLF production contribute to the blood pressure regulation seen in patients who exercise regularly.
 ...
PMID:Vasodepressor effects of exercise are accompanied by reduced circulating ouabainlike immunoreactivity and normalization of nitric oxide synthesis. 910 42


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>