Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of opium on biochemical parameters in addicts with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Twenty-three males and 26 females between 35 and 65 years of age, with NIDDM, addicted to opium, were selected as the case group. Twenty-three males and 26 females with NIDDM and no opium addiction served as controls. Fasting glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides (TGs), sodium (Na(+)), potassium (K(+)), calcium (Ca(2+)), iron (Fe(2+)), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), serum total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), uric acid and urea were measured in the serum of the two groups. Serum protein electrophoresis was also carried out. Compared to the control group, in addicted males with NIDDM, HbA1c, K(+) and Fe(2+) were higher, and serum total protein, ALT and HDL-c were lower. No significant difference was observed between other factors. Albumin was lower in addicts, but no significant difference was observed between the albumin/globulin ratios. In addicted females with NIDDM, serum total protein, TIBC, ALT and AST were lower compared to non-addicts. Cholesterol tends to be lower in diabetic addicted males, HbA1c in addicted females and uric acid in addicted males was higher compared to non-addicted diabetics. Their differences, however, were not significant. According to our results, smoking opium increases serum glucose and decreases HDL-c, and thus adds to metabolic disorders in NIDDM patients. It also increases potassium and Fe(2) in males and decreases TIBC in females, and could therefore potentially interfere with water and iron metabolism.
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PMID:Effects of opium addiction on some serum factors in addicts with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 1520 39

Glibornuride is a sulphonylurea derivative used as an oral hypoglycaemic drug in diabetics. The aim of this study was to examine the histological, ultrastructural and biochemical effects of glibornuride in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats. The animals were rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg STZ. Fourteen days later, glibornuride was given at 5 mg/kg by gavage, daily for 28 days, to one STZ-diabetic and one control group. In the STZ-diabetic group, remarkable degenerative changes were observed. On the other hand, in the STZ-diabetic group given glibornuride, the degenerative changes decreased. In the STZ-diabetic group, blood glucose levels, serum aspartate transaminase activity, and total lipid levels increased, whereas the blood glutathione levels decreased. In contrast, in the STZ-diabetic group given glibornuride blood glucose levels, serum aspartate transaminase activity and total lipid levels decreased and blood glutathione levels increased. Significant changes in total protein levels in the serum were not observed in any group. As a conclusion, we can say that glibornuride has a protective effect against the hepatotoxicity produced by STZ-diabetes.
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PMID:The morphological and biochemical effects of glibornuride on rat liver in experimental diabetes. 1522 18

Although hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis has been suggested as a risk factor for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), few sizeable studies have tested this hypothesis. We investigated ICC risk factors, with special reference to HCV infection. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study including 50 ICC patients and 205 other surgical patients without primary liver cancer. HCV seropositivity was detected in 36% of ICC patients and 3% of controls. By univariate analysis, the odds ratio (OR) for association of anti-HCV antibodies with development was 16.87 (95% confidence interval (CI), 5.69 to 50.00). History of blood transfusion or diabetes mellitus, elevated serum total bilirubin, elevated aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, decreased serum albumin and decreased platelet count were identified as other possible ICC risk factors. By multivariate analysis, anti-HCV antibodies (adjusted OR, 6.02; 95% CI, 1.51 to 24.1), elevated alanine aminotransferase, decreased serum albumin, and decreased platelet count were found to be independent risk factors for ICC development. As liver status worsened, the adjusted OR for ICC tended to increase. HCV infection is a likely etiology of ICC in Japan.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus infection as a likely etiology of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. 1524 96

Chard (Beta vulgaris L. var cicla) is one of the medicinal herbs used by diabetics in Turkey. It has been reported to reduce blood glucose. We have investigated the effect of chard extracts on the liver by biochemical and morphological investigation. The plant extract was administered by the gavage technique to rats at a dose of 2 g/kg every d for 28 d, 14 d after experimental animals were made diabetic. In the diabetic group, some degenerative changes were observed by light and electron microscope examination, but degenerative changes decreased or were not observed in the diabetic group given chard. In the diabetic group, blood glucose levels, serum alanine, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase activities, total lipids, sialic and uric acid levels, liver lipid peroxidation (LPO), and nonenzymatic glycosylation (NEG) levels increased, while blood glutathione, body weight, and liver glutathione (GSH) levels decreased. The diabetic group given chard, serum alanine, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase activities, total lipid level, sialic and uric acid levels, blood glucose levels, and liver LPO and NEG levels decreased, but the other values increased. As a result of all the morphological and biochemical findings obtained, it was concluded that the extract of this plant has a protective effect on the liver in diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Effects of chard (Beta vulgaris L. var cicla) on the liver of the diabetic rats: a morphological and biochemical study. 1532 46

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most common chronic liver disease in the United States. The histologic spectrum of NAFLD ranges from steatosis liver alone to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is the most serious form of NAFLD. NASH is a progressive fibrotic disease, in which cirrhosis and liver-related death occur in up to 20% and 12%, respectively, over a 10-year period. NASH-associated cirrhosis also can develop into subacute liver failure, progress to hepatocellular carcinoma, and reoccur post-transplantation. In contrast, steatosis alone has a more benign clinical course, although progression to cirrhosis has occurred in 3% of these patients. The major risk factors for fibrosis include diabetes or obesity, an aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio of greater than 1, age older than 50, and hepatic histology.
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PMID:The clinical features, diagnosis and natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 1533 Oct 61

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine diseases. In UAE many traditional plants such as the Citrullus colocynthis (Handal) are used as antidiabetic remedies. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the aqueous extract of the seed of C. colocynthis on the biochemical parameters of normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal (60 mg/kg body wt1) injection of STZ. Normal and diabetic rats were fed with the plant extract daily by oral intubation for 2 weeks. Blood sample were collected at the beginning and end of the experiment for the measurement of biochemical parameters. The plasma level of alanine aminotranferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) increased significantly after the onset of diabetes. Oral administration of the plant extract reduced the plasma level of AST and LDH significantly. However, the plant extract failed to reduce the increased blood level of GGT and ALP in diabetic rats. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increased significantly after the onset of diabetes. No significant difference was observed in the blood creatinine, K+, Na+, Ca2+ and P levels of normal and diabetic rats. The plant extract did not have any effect on BUN level, however, it caused an increase in the level of K+, Na+ in diabetic rats. In conclusion, oral administration of the aqueous extract of the C. colocynthis can ameliorate some of the toxic effects of streptozotocin.
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PMID:Biochemical effects of Citrullus colocynthis in normal and diabetic rats. 1536 97

A limited number of studies have reported associations of markers of liver injury, including elevated concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), with prospective risk of type 2 diabetes. However, only one study has adjusted for a detailed measure of insulin sensitivity (insulin sensitivity index [S(i)]), which is important given associations of obesity and S(i) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our objective was to investigate the associations of elevated AST and ALT with incident type 2 diabetes among 906 participants in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study who were nondiabetic at baseline. S(i) and acute insulin response (AIR) were measured directly from the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test among black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white participants aged 40-69 years. After 5.2 years, 148 individuals had developed type 2 diabetes. Baseline AST and ALT were positively correlated with fasting insulin (r = 0.22 and r = 0.35, respectively), waist circumference (r = 0.18 and r = 0.34), and fasting glucose (r = 0.13 and r = 0.29) and inversely with S(i) (r = -0.18 and r = -0.30; all P < 0.0001). In separate logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, clinical center, and alcohol consumption, participants in the highest quartiles (Q4) of AST and ALT were at significantly increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes compared with those in the lowest three quartiles (Q1-Q3): AST: odds ratio (OR) 1.73 (95% CI 1.17-2.57); ALT: OR 2.32 (1.36-3.75). After further adjustment for smoking, waist circumference, triglyceride, HDL, impaired glucose tolerance, S(i), and AIR, both AST and ALT remained significantly associated with incident type 2 diabetes: AST, Q4 vs. Q1-Q3: OR 1.98 (1.23-3.17); ALT, Q4 vs. Q1-Q3: OR 2.00 (1.22-3.28). There were no interactions of sex, ethnicity, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, or S(i) with AST or ALT in the prediction of type 2 diabetes. When entered into the same model with adjustment for demographic variables, both C-reactive protein and ALT independently predicted type 2 diabetes. In addition, AST and ALT were positively associated with incident type 2 diabetes after excluding former and moderate to heavy drinkers. In conclusion, AST and ALT independently predict type 2 diabetes. Baseline elevations of these markers may reflect NAFLD or related pathologies.
Diabetes 2004 Oct
PMID:Elevations in markers of liver injury and risk of type 2 diabetes: the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study. 1544 93

We examined the association of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with features of the metabolic syndrome and whether it predicted incident diabetes independently of routinely measured factors in 5,974 men in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. A total of 139 men developed new diabetes over 4.9 years of follow-up. ALT, but not aspartate aminotransferase, levels increased progressively with the increasing number of metabolic syndrome abnormalities from (means +/- SD) 20.9 +/- 7.6 units/l in those with none to 28.1 +/- 10.1 units/l in those with four or more (P < 0.001). In a univariate analysis, men with ALT in the top quartile (ALT >/=29 units/l) had an elevated risk for diabetes (hazard ratio 3.38 [95% CI 1.99-5.73]) versus those in the bottom quartile (<17 units/l). ALT remained a predictor with adjustment for age, BMI, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, glucose, and alcohol intake (2.04 [1.16-3.58] for the fourth versus first quartile). In stepwise regression, incorporating ALT and C-reactive protein (CRP) together with metabolic syndrome criteria, elevated ALT (>/=29 units/l), and CRP (>/=3 mg/l) predicted incident diabetes, but low HDL cholesterol and hypertension did not. Thus, elevated ALT levels within the "normal" range predict incident diabetes. The simplicity of ALT measurement and its availability in routine clinical practice suggest that this enzyme activity could be included in future diabetes prediction algorithms.
Diabetes 2004 Nov
PMID:Elevated alanine aminotransferase predicts new-onset type 2 diabetes independently of classical risk factors, metabolic syndrome, and C-reactive protein in the west of Scotland coronary prevention study. 1550 65

A novel black tea decoction containing vanadate has successfully replaced insulin in a rat model of insulin-dependent diabetes but is untested in non-insulin-dependent diabetic animals. A tea-vanadate decoction (TV) containing 30 or 40 mg sodium orthovanadate was administered by oral gavage to two groups of Zucker diabetic fatty rats and a conventional water vehicle containing 30 or 40 mg of sodium orthovanadate to two others. In the latter group receiving the 30-mg dose, vanadate induced diarrhea in 50% of the rats and death in 10%. In contrast, TV-treated rats had no incidence of diarrhea and no deaths. Symptoms were more severe in both groups with higher vanadate doses, so these were discontinued. After approximately 16 weeks, the level of vanadium in plasma and tissue extracts was negligible in a further group of untreated rats but highly elevated after vanadate treatment. Vanadium levels were not significantly different between the TV-treated diabetic rats and the diabetic rats given vanadate in a water vehicle. Over the 115 days of the study, blood glucose levels increased from approximately 17 to 25 mmol/L in untreated diabetic rats. This was effectively lowered (to <10 mmol/L) by TV treatment. Fasting blood glucose levels were 5, 7, and 20 mmol/L in control (nondiabetic, untreated), TV-treated and untreated diabetic rats, respectively. Rats required treatment with TV for only approximately 50% of the days in the study. Increase in body mass during the study was significantly lower in untreated diabetic rats (despite higher food intake) than the other groups. Body mass gain and food intake were normal in TV-treated rats. Water intake was 28 mL/rat daily in control rats, 130 mL/rat daily in untreated diabetic rats, and 52 mL/rat daily in TV-treated diabetic rats. Plasma creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly depressed in untreated diabetic rats, and TV treatment normalized this. Our results demonstrate that a novel oral therapy containing black tea and vanadate possesses a striking capacity to regulate glucose and attenuates complications in a rat model of type II diabetes.
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PMID:Effective control of glycemic status and toxicity in Zucker diabetic fatty rats with an orally administered vanadate compound. 1557 49

A 24-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of liver dysfunction. He had been diagnosed as having psoriasis vulgaris at 18 years of age. Physical examination demonstrated obesity, general erythema, and hepatomegaly. Laboratory data revealed elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose. A histological examination of the liver revealed macrovesicular fatty change and infiltration of inflammatory cells, including lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear cells, within the liver lobules. Pericentral fibrosis and pericellular fibrosis were also recognized. He was diagnosed as having nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), based on the fact that he had no habit of drinking alcohol, as well as psoriasis vulgaris and diabetes mellitus. We herein report a very rare case of NASH associated with psoriasis vulgaris.
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PMID:Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis associated with psoriasis vulgaris. 1558 Apr 5


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