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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The expression of a novel regenerating (reg) gene has been reported previously in the regenerating islets of a surgical model of diabetes in rats. We exposed collagenase-isolated rat islets for three days to nutrient and non-nutrient growth factors in minimally supplemented RPMI medium (2.7 mmol/l glucose, 2% fetal calf serum), and investigated the relationship between reg gene expression and islet cell replication. RNA was prepared from half of the islets by homogenisation in guanidinium isothiocyanate followed by phenol/chloroform extraction. Northern/dot blot analyses were used to semi-quantify reg mRNA. Islet cell replication was estimated by culturing the remaining islets in radiolabelled thymidine to determine de novo DNA synthesis. Thymidine uptake was stimulated by the following factors: 11 mmol/l glucose (50% increase); 10% amino acids (126% increase); 10% fetal calf serum (39% increase); 100 ng/ml insulin (45% increase); 250 ng/ml growth hormone (65% increase); 1.5 nmol/l aldosterone (29% increase); 2 U/ml platelet derived growth factor (116% increase). The results are expressed as a percentage of the thymidine incorporated into control islets cultured in minimal RPMI (1118 +/- 100 (SD) cpm/microgram protein, n = 15). Increased islet cell replication was paralleled in each case by a clear rise in reg mRNA expression compared to controls. Furthermore, the rank order for reg gene expression was the same as that for thymidine uptake (r = 0.90). The present findings suggest a clear association between reg gene expression and islet cell replication in vitro, and are the first to demonstrate reg gene expression in response to individual growth factors.
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PMID:Expression of an islet regenerating (reg) gene in isolated rat islets: effects of nutrient and non-nutrient growth factors. 137 94

The tropical calcifying pancreatitis and/or fibrous pancreatitis are responsible for a number of cases of juvenile insulin-dependent diabetes in the Third World countries. World wide distributed in the tropical areas of Asia, Africa and South America, they can also be observed in Europe, in migrants from these countries. Intensive epidemiological and biochemical studies are currently developed in order to shed light on the many obscure points. Classification of the typical calcifying pancreatitis and the related syndromes is a matter of debate. The pathological basis is calcification of the pancreas and echography of the gland may become a cheap convenient relatively specific tool for epidemiology. The clinical syndrome consists of chronic painful pancreatic episodes since childhood, associated with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, followed by the onset, during adolescence, of diabetes mellitus, which is most of the times insulin dependent. Patients' history is free of chronic alcoholism, but includes constantly chronic caloric and proteic malnutrition. Although insulin dependent this diabetes in not prone to ketosis, due presumably to carnitine deficiency and relative glucagon deficiency (or suppressibility). Insulin resistance is traditionally noted, the pathophysiology of which is unknown. The mechanism of calcification appearance is also undetermined. Either a deficiency in pancreatic stone protein, or the toxic effect of cyanogen glucosides present in cassava and other tropical foodstuffs, or the malnutrition-related deficiency in sulphur-containing aminoacids may be causal factors. No valid experimental model of the disease is available.
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PMID:[Diabetogenic tropical pancreatitis]. 304 66

The hospital morbidity and mortality of 100 patients operated with two internal thoracic arteries with or without additional vein grafts (BITA group) were compared with a matched group of 100 patients operated with one left internal thoracic artery (ITA) on the anterior descending artery with additional vein grafts (LITA control group). In each study group, 3% of the patients had diabetes mellitus. There was no statistical significant difference in hospital mortality (1% versus 0%), perioperative myocardial infarction (5% versus 1%), low cardiac output (3% versus 5%), rethoracotomy (1% versus 0%), lung complications (13% versus 13%), wound complications (8% versus 8%), other cardiac complications (26% versus 16%), other noncardiac complications (1% versus 4%), median duration of stay in the intensive care unit (1 versus 1 day), and mean duration of stay in the hospital (10.4 versus 10.8 days) between the groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that the number of ITAs used was not a predictor of complications. Thus, there is no difference between the BITA and LITA control group in hospital mortality and morbidity (in patients with a low incidence of diabetes). If an improvement in cardiac event-free and reoperation-free survival is to be expected, the use of both ITAs can be continued in similar patients.
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PMID:Similar hospital morbidity with the use of one or two internal thoracic arteries. 801 Aug 4

Reg is a gene associated with regeneration of pancreatic islets. We have previously shown that nicotinamide induces differentiation of human fetal beta-cells in tissue culture and that hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) is mitogenic for the fetal beta-cells. We now tested whether these conditions, supporting either differentiation or growth, are associated with changes in reg gene expression in human fetal pancreatic cells. Culture for 7 days with 10 mM nicotinamide led to a fourfold decrease in reg mRNA levels (23 +/- 12% of control, n = 5, P < 0.001). In contrast, HGF/SF increased reg expression threefold (302 +/- 68% of control, n = 4, P < 0.05). Nicotinamide, which does not alter the differentiation level of adult beta-cells, did not significantly affect reg expression in adult human islets (84 +/- 4% of control, n = 2, NS). Thus, a higher level of endocrine differentiation is associated with a lower level of reg expression, and a higher rate of beta-cell replication results in increased reg transcription. These results provide the first evidence of a molecular marker, the reg gene, to distinguish between proliferation and differentiation of human beta-cells.
Diabetes 1994 Sep
PMID:Opposite effects of beta-cell differentiation and growth on reg expression in human fetal pancreatic cells. 807 Jun 17

We present a case of a 27-year-old female suffering from chronic calcifying pancreatitis with diabetes mellitus. Radiographic examinations and exocrine pancreatic function tests revealed considerable dilatation of pancreatic ducts with large intraductal calculi and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, respectively. Recent literature indicates that a decrease in the activity of pancreatic stone protein (PSP), which inhibits CaCO3 crystal formation in pancreatic juice, is closely related to the development of chronic calcifying pancreatitis. The patient had no apparent cause or family history of pancreatitis. We therefore investigated the possibility that alterations in the PSP gene might explain the chronic pancreatitis seen in this patient. Six exons of the PSP gene amplified by polymerase chain reaction were directly sequenced, but there was no apparent base mutation observed. Furthermore, Southern blot analysis revealed neither rearrangement nor deletion of the PSP gene in the genomic DNA of this case. However, this genetic approach will be useful for future study of the etiology of hereditary pancreatitis.
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PMID:Idiopathic chronic calcifying pancreatitis with diabetes mellitus. Analysis of pancreatic stone protein gene. 848 98

Serum pancreatic stone protein (PSP) was determined in sera of pancreatic and nonpancreatic diseases using enzyme immunoassay specific to human PSP to study the diagnostic and pathophysiological significance of PSP. Serum PSP in acute pancreatitis (mean +/- SD = 1075.4 +/- 2849.1 ng/mL, n = 33) was significantly higher than that in controls (78.6 +/- 31.8 ng/mL, n = 37, p < 0.01), chronic pancreatitis (156.8 +/- 82.8 ng/mL, n = 32, p < 0.05), and pancreatic cancer (148.468.8 ng/mL, n = 26, p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between noncalcified and calcified chronic pancreatitis. Serum PSP levels were significantly higher in chronic renal failure under hemodialysis (1796.0 +/- 1492.9 ng/mL) than in other diseases such as peptic ulcer, liver cirrhosis, gallstone, and diabetes mellitus. Low but significant correlation was obtained between serum PSP and serum immunoreactive trypsin (r = 0.22, p < 0.05). Increased serum PSP levels in acute pancreatitis and chronic renal failure suggest that serum PSP levels reflect reflex from pancreatic secretion, release from damaged pancreatic acinar cells, or retention in circulation, and can be useful for diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, but not chronic calcified pancreatitis.
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PMID:Serum pancreatic stone protein in pancreatic diseases. 850 56

The reg gene has previously been shown to be associated with regeneration of pancreatic islets. Strategies for influencing the replication and the growth of the beta-cell mass may be important for prevention and/or treatment of type I diabetes. In this study, we have examined the level of reg gene expression at various degrees of diabetogenesis in the pancreas of the NOD mouse (male, female, and cyclophosphamide-treated male) using both human reg cDNA as the probe and dot blot analysis. The expression of the reg gene was found to be significantly increased in female mice compared with male mice, and in both cases, the expression level was not influenced by age. Nondiabetic female mice have a significantly higher expression of the gene than diabetic female mice, and there was a positive correlation between the age of diabetes onset and the reg mRNA level. In addition, overexpression of the reg gene was found in male mice treated by cyclophosphamide, an agent known to be a potent inducer of diabetes in male NOD mice. None of these results were found in the diabetes-resistant control OF1 mice, in which pancreatic reg gene expression did not differ between female and male mice treated or untreated with cyclophosphamide. All of these data suggest that there is a strong correlation between reg gene expression in the pancreas of the NOD mouse and the likelihood of developing diabetes.
Diabetes 1996 Jan
PMID:Pancreatic regenerating gene overexpression in the nonobese diabetic mouse during active diabetogenesis. 852 62

We examined the expression of reg protein in neonatal rat pancreas treated with streptozotocin (STZ) by means of the immunohistochemical technique and northern blotting. Seven days after STZ injection, the plasma glucose levels in STZ-treated neonatal rats were significantly higher than those in control rats. Scattered distribution of reg protein in pancreatic islet cells was clearly observed in STZ-treated rats, but not in control rats. On the other hand, reg proteins was positively stained in the exocrine cells in both groups of rats. Northern blot analyses revealed that the expression of insulin mRNA markedly decreased in STZ-treated rat pancreas, but a significant increase in reg mRNA expression was recognized in the STZ-treated rat pancreas compared with that of control rats. Rats treated with STZ during the neonatal period have been used as a model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and beta cell regeneration. Thus, the increased reg gene expression in neonatal STZ-treated rat pancreas was therefore described for the first time, and thus would be a useful model for studying the relationship between NIDDM and beta cell regeneration or reg gene protein.
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PMID:Increased expression of a regenerating (reg) gene protein in neonatal rat pancreas treated with streptozotocin. 857 88

Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD) is a form of diabetes associated with tropical chronic calcific pancreatitis, seen mostly in developing countries. FCPD is likely to be a multifactorial disease with both environmental and genetic components. The reg 1A gene encodes a protein associated with regeneration of pancreatic islets and has a sequence identical to that of pancreatic stone protein. Since FCPD is associated with both diabetes and pancreatitis, we tested the hypothesis that FCPD may be the result of mutations in the coding regions of the reg 1A gene. Restriction length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and possible sequence variants of the reg 1A gene were studied by RFLP analysis, looking for single-stranded conformational polymorphisms (SSCPs) and direct nucleotide sequencing. In 20 patients with FCPD and 20 control subjects, no RFLPs were detected using 10 restriction enzymes. In 50 patients with FCPD and 50 control subjects, no SSCP variants were detected. Finally, direct nucleotide sequencing of the reg 1A gene from 30 patients with FCPD did not show any differences from the published human reg 1A gene sequence. In conclusion, it seems unlikely that mutations in the coding region of the reg 1A gene are a common cause of FCPD.
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PMID:Analysis of islet regenerating (reg) gene polymorphisms in fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes. 905 83

We demonstrated pancreatic reg gene overexpression in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice during active diabetogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine in which part of the pancreas (endocrine and/or exocrine) the gene(s) and the protein(s) were expressed and if their localization changed with progression of the disease. In situ hybridization analysis and immunocytochemical studies were carried out on pancreas of female and male NOD mice. Both develop insulitis but diabetes develops only in females and in males only when treated by cyclophosphamide. Our results show that whatever the age, sex, and presence of insulitis and/or diabetes, the expression of reg mRNAs and of the corresponding protein(s) was restricted to exocrine tissue. Moreover, reg remains localized in acinar cells in the two opposite situations of (a) cyclophosphamide-treated males in a prediabetic stage presenting a high level of both insulin and reg mRNAs, and (b) the overtly diabetic females with no insulin but a high level of reg mRNA. These findings suggest that overexpression of the reg gene(s) might represent a defense of the acinar cell against pancreatic aggression.
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PMID:Overexpression of the reg gene in non-obese diabetic mouse pancreas during active diabetogenesis is restricted to exocrine tissue. 1099 Apr 93


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