Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tri[14C]acylglycerol-labelled chylomicrons, obtained from cannulated mesenteric lymph of streptozotocin-diabetic donor rats, when intravenously injected into non-diabetic recipient rats, disappeared from the circulation at a significantly slower rate than similarly prepared tri[14C]acylglycerol chylomicrons from non-diabetic donor rats (t1/2, 5.6 +/- 0.7 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.5 min-1, P less than 0.02). The appearance of labelled lipolysis products among plasma lipids (free fatty acid, cholesterol ester and phospholipid fractions) was delayed, indicating decreased availability for lipolysis of the chylomicron-borne triacylglycerol of diabetic origin. Tissue distribution of triacylglycerol, 15 min after the injection of chylomicrons to recipient rats, disclosed a 4-5-fold increase in uptake by muscles (heart and diaphragm) in relation to adipose tissues (epididymal and perirenal sites), in the case of chylomicrons of diabetic derivation. Since a large share of the chylomicron triacylglycerol was taken up by the liver, this tissue was perfused with chylomicron 'remnants' prepared by partial in vitro lipolysis with purified lipoprotein lipase. The 'remnants' of diabetic derivation were taken up by the liver at a 2-3-fold slower rate than those of non-diabetic origin. Chylomicrons derived from diabetic rats were found to be similar in size but markedly depleted of E apolipoproteins as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focussing and a specific immunoassay. Decreases were also seen in A-I apolipoproteins by immunoassay and isoelectric focussing. Chylomicron 'remnants' were also markedly apolipoprotein E-deficient. In vitro incubation of the 'diabetic remnants' with high-density lipoproteins raised their apolipoprotein E content approx. 3-fold and considerably increased their hepatic uptake. Injection of intact chylomicrons preincubated with high-density lipoproteins likewise increased their in vivo removal rate toward the range of that of 'non-diabetic' chylomicrons. We conclude that diabetes-induced changes in the apolipoprotein composition of the chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants play an important role in their removal from the circulation. It appears that their recognition pattern is altered, reducing their ability to interact with receptor sites in the peripheral tissues and the liver, respectively.
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PMID:Composition, removal and metabolic fate of chylomicrons derived from diabetic rats. 399 73

The present study was undertaken to examine the lipid and lipoprotein status of 85 Indian patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the young (NIDDY) and 85 matched Indian controls. There were no significant differences between patients and controls with regard to total serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol or apoprotein A-I (apo A-I) levels. However, serum triglyceride and apo-protein B (apo B) levels (females only) were significantly higher and serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels significantly lower in the NIDDY patients than in the controls. Serum triglyceride values correlated significantly with glycosylated haemoglobin levels (r = 0,23), HDL cholesterol (r = -0,37) and apo B levels (r = 0,42). The hypertriglyceridaemia and increased apo B levels appeared to emanate from the very-low-density lipoprotein class. Since HDL cholesterol levels were decreased and apo A-I levels were normal, these findings could be interpreted as reflecting an abnormal HDL composition. Obesity did not appear to have a significant influence on the lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities manifested by the patients in this study.
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PMID:Lipid and lipoprotein aberrations in Indian patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the young. 401 62

Serum levels of cholesterol (C), triglycerides (TG), lipoprotein-C and apolipoproteins (apo) A-I, A-II and B were measured in 30 children with type I diabetes mellitus (16 boys, 14 girls, aged 11-14 years) and in 26 healthy controls (15 boys, 11 girls, aged 10-13 years). For 19 diabetics controls matched for age, sex and relative body weight were selected. The diabetic patients were considered to be in fair metabolic control according to HbA1 levels and glycosylated serum protein concentrations. Mean serum apo A-I, A-II and B, C, TG, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) did not differ significantly between diabetic nondiabetic children. Very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) was significantly higher in diabetic children than in controls. Serum C and LDL-C levels showed close univariate linear correlations with glycosylated serum protein (LDL-C: r = 0.53, p less than 0.01, C: r = 0.58, p less than 0.01) in diabetics. The ratio LDL/HDL-C was significantly correlated to HbA1 levels (r = 0.47, p less than 0.01). By canonical and multiple linear correlation analysis significant relations of a selected set of variables concerning the control and therapy of diabetes (serum glucose, HbA1, glycosylated serum protein, insulin dose) with a set of lipoprotein variables (C, TG, VLDL-C, HDL-C, LDL-C, apo A-I, A-II, B) could be demonstrated. From these data we conclude that significant relations between atherogenic serum lipids and lipoproteins (C, LDL-C) and the degree of metabolic control exist in diabetic children, even in the absence of marked dyslipoproteinemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Apolipoproteins and lipoproteins in children with type I diabetes: relation to glycosylated serum protein and HbA1. 409 Sep 71

Concentrations of HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apo A-II were found to be significantly decreased in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDD) compared with carefully selected controls matched for sex, age and body weight. LDL cholesterol and apo B levels did not differ significantly between diabetics and controls. Concentrations of lipoprotein Lp(a), an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease in non-diabetics, were above 20 mg/dl in only 14% of diabetics and in 5% of controls. LCAT activity was normal in diabetics, irrespective of type of diabetes, sex and age of patients. No correlation between HbA1 and either HDL cholesterol or A-I and A-II was found in IDD and NIDD. A positive correlation between HbA1 and either triglyceride or VLDL triglyceride was noted in IDD and NIDD. There was also a positive correlation between insulin dosage in IDD and HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I and A-II.
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PMID:Apolipoproteins (A-I, A-II, B), Lp(a) lipoprotein and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity in diabetes mellitus. 622 55

To evaluate the optimal discriminators for peripheral atherosclerosis, we studied retrospectively 49 male patients and 39 male controls between 40 and 60 years of age. In addition to hypertension, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, and hyperuricemia, we determined the most common lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins. Highly significant differences of median values between patients and controls in decreasing order of magnitude were recorded for apo A-II/apo B, apo A-I/apo B, apo B, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol. A retrospective classification of patients and controls under optimal conditions with one variable (apo A-I/apo B) yielded an error rate of 25%. We found that apolipoproteins were better discriminators for peripheral atherosclerosis than than were lipids or lipoprotein lipids. The application of a linear regression discriminant analysis including 29 variables greatly decreased the rate of error and increased the sensitivity and specificity of the classification. From 229 possible models, we used an economic selection strategy to sort out those which either gave the best segregation or were considered the most practicable. The optimal model with 14 variables gave an error rate of less than 5% for the group studied. Suboptimal models yielded error rates between 13% and 18%. We conclude that a mathematical treatment of laboratory data which includes lipid parameters in addition to apolipoprotein values can improve the classification of peripheral vascular atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Risk factors for peripheral atherosclerosis. Retrospective evaluation by stepwise discriminant analysis. 640 92

High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is a sensitive index for coronary disease in affluent societies. We have measured plasma apoprotein A-I levels (the major HDL protein) in randomly selected groups of urban and rural Fijian Melanesians and Indians. Despite higher prevalence rates of coronary disease and diabetes mellitus in Indians, Indian men and women had significantly higher A-I levels than Melanesian men and women. Multivariate analysis was carried out separately in all men and women of both races and also in younger men and women (less than 45 years old) to determine the predictive values of seven variables that might influence A-I levels. These variables accounted for about 16% of the A-I variation and of this more than one-half was due to ethnic origin. The remainder was largely due to three environmental factors: urbanization, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. Men and women aged 20 to 44 years had significantly higher A-I levels in the town than in villages; alcohol drinkers had significantly higher A-I levels than nondrinkers, and in women physical inactivity resulted in significantly lower A-I levels. Age, smoking cigarettes, and body mass index did not contribute to the differences in A-I levels between the two races, despite less smoking and overweight among Indians. This study of a biracial population, that shares a similar environment but differs in cultural habits, has demonstrated the operation of genetic and environmental factors that explain a minor proportion of apoprotein A-I variability.
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PMID:High density lipoprotein apoprotein variability in a biracial population. 640 41

The regulation of hepatic arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) activity was studied in diabetic rats fed ad libitum. Arginase activity in liver cytosol increased 2 to 3 days after injection of streptozotocin into rats and remained elevated (maximally 1.7-fold) 13 days postinjection. Radioimmunoassays indicated, however, that the amounts of immunoreactive arginase protein in livers of control and diabetic rats were similar. The specific activity of purified preparations of arginase from diabetic rats was approximately 1.5-fold higher than that from control rats. Manganese, a cofactor for arginase, was elevated by 4 days post-streptozotocin injection and remained elevated (maximally 1.6-fold) for at least 13 days. Most of the manganese in control and diabetic liver cytosols was associated with macromolecules and eluted with arginase activity upon gel filtration. These data establish that the enhanced arginase activity observed in diabetes is coincident with elevated cofactor concentration but not with elevated enzyme protein concentration.
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PMID:Elevated manganese concentration and arginase activity in livers of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 640 84

Plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and apolipoproteins (apo) A-I, A-II, C-II, and C-III were determined and analyzed in 170 diabetic patients and 46 age-matched healthy normal subjects. The diabetics were separated into two groups: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM, n = 78) and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM, n = 92). Significantly increased triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and normal cholesterol levels were found in the diabetics. The lipid profiles were similar in the IDDM and NIDDM groups. Plasma apo A-I, but not apo A-II, was low in both groups of diabetics. However, only in the IDDM subjects was there a statistically significant decrease in apo A-I when compared to normal subjects. The decreased apo A-I level negatively correlated with plasma triglycerides. Apo C-II and apo C-III were slightly increased in the diabetics compared to normal subjects. Apo C-II and apo C-III levels significantly correlated with plasma triglycerides (apo C-II, r = 0.70, P less than 0.0001; apo C-III, r = 0.71, P less than 0.0001). Only apo C-II correlated with total cholesterol. Thirty-eight to forty-two percent of the IDDM and NIDDM subjects had a clinical diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) and/or peripheral arteriovascular disease (PAD). In the IDDM subjects, but not in the NIDDM subjects the incidence of CAD and/or PAD was associated with the decreased apo A-I levels as evaluated by a univariate analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Analysis of plasma lipids and apolipoproteins in insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent diabetics. 641 12

Changes in plasma levels of apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, C-II, and C-III, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin were studied after administration of a glucose load in six normal subjects and five patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The main finding of our study was the significantly increased responses of total triglycerides and apolipoproteins C-II and C-III from the baseline values in the normal subjects but not in the diabetic group. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels at baseline and after glucose loading were significantly lower in diabetic than in normal subjects. As expected, abnormal glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemia were observed in the diabetic subjects after the glucose loading. The peak glucose and insulin levels and their decline after the glucose loading were delayed in the diabetic patients. The glucose load did not significantly alter total plasma cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I and A-II concentrations in normal and diabetic subjects. The apparent blunted response of total triglycerides and apolipoproteins C-II and C-III in the diabetic subjects may be related to maximal stimulation of synthesis of triglycerides and apolipoproteins C-II and C-III by the hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia (or both) present in these patients.
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PMID:Acute effects of a glucose load on plasma apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, C-II, and C-III in normal and non-insulin-dependent diabetic men. 642 34

Total plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL-C, VLDL-TG, HDL-C and the apoproteins A-I, A-II, B and D were measured in 111 male non-obese diabetic patients and in 90 male control subjects of similar age and body weight distribution. Forty-eight patients had Type 1 (insulin-dependent diabetes) and 63 had Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent diabetes); all were in stable metabolic control while following an appropriate diet and therapy with insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents. HDL-C, apoA-I, apoB and the apoA-I/apoA-II ratio were significantly increased in the Type 1 patients, whereas the VLDL-C/VLDL-TG and LDL-C/apoB ratios were decreased significantly. Type 2 diabetics showed low HDL-C and low apoA-I/apoA-II ratio, while the values of apoA-I, A-II, D and the VLDL-C/VLDL-TG ratio were significantly higher than in controls. Type 1 diabetics in 'fair' metabolic control presented higher values of TG, VLDL-C, VLDL-TG and apoB than patients in 'good' control: lower values of apoA-I and of the ratios apoA-I/apoA-II, apoA-I/apoB and LDL-C/apoB were recorded in the same subgroup. In Type 2 diabetics no significant differences were observed according to metabolic control, with the exception of a higher apo-D value in subjects in 'fair' control. The data obtained support the view that good metabolic control may be important for the prevention of a relevant derangement of lipoprotein components, particularly in Type 1 patients.
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PMID:Lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. 652 91


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