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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new rodent model, SHR/N-cp, for study of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) has recently been developed. The present study reports exocrine pancreatic enzyme activities and mineral concentrations in female corpulent (cp/cp) and lean (+/?) rats fed a diet containing carbohydrate as cooked corn starch or sucrose for 7 months to determine the potential of the model for studies of diet and pancreatic function in NIDDM. Although corpulent female rats weighed 2.5 times more than their lean littermates, they consumed less calories when expressed per 100 g body weight than lean rats. Corpulent rats had a significantly smaller relative pancreatic weight than lean rats (p less than 0.0001), but had greater total pancreatic DNA content and concentration (p less than 0.003) and higher pancreatic amylase (p less than 0.0001), lipase (p less than 0.0011), and chymotrypsinogen (p less than 0.0208) specific activities. Corpulent rats had a significantly lower pancreatic copper concentration than their lean littermates (p less than 0.0193). Corpulent rats consuming starch had a higher pancreatic iron concentration than all other experimental groups (p less than 0.05). The corpulent female rats were only mildly diabetic based upon serum and urine indices. The data suggest that the female SHR/N-corpulent rat may be a useful model for studying exocrine pancreatic function of mild cases of non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
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PMID:Enzyme-specific activities and mineral concentrations of the exocrine pancreas from female SHR/N-corpulent (cp) rats. 248 46

Fifty human fetal pancreases of 4-6 months gestation obtained from legal abortions were microencapsulated with alginate, poly-lysine after culture for 4-7 days. The microcapsules were studied morphologically and functionally. Immunocytochemical staining for insulin indicated B-cells were morphologically intact at 48 days. Insulin and C-peptide of the culture medium measured with radioimmuno-assay (RIA) showed that the microcapsules still retained the function of insulin secretion after culture for 25 days. There was no statistical difference when compared with noncapsulated tissues. No exocrine function was detected as evidenced by the amylase determination. We conclude that microencapsulated human fetal pancreatic tissues retain viability in culture for more than 25 days and can be used as transplants in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Morphological and functional studies on microencapsulated human fetal pancreatic tissue. 248 42

Clinical pancreatic islet transplantation has been impeded by the inability to isolate an adequate mass of functional tissue that will ameliorate diabetes. A simplified method of canine islet isolation was developed that allowed for either intrasplenic or intrahepatic transplantation. Following total pancreatectomy, parenchymal digestion was accomplished by intraductal collagenase perfusion and stationary incubation. The digested tissue was dispersed by filtration through a steel mesh (400 microns), washed, and separated on a discontinuous dextran density gradient. Enhanced islet tissue (2-4 ml) was recovered from the uppermost interface of the gradient and autotransplanted. The islet isolation procedure was tested in two series of dogs undergoing either intrasplenic or intrahepatic engraftment. Immediate and sustained normoglycemia (plasma glucose less than 200 mg%) was obtained in 5 of 8 dogs (63%) in the intrasplenic group and 6 of 8 dogs (75%) in the intrahepatic group. The mean fasting plasma glucose concentration 2 weeks after transplantation was 102.8 +/- 6.4 mg% in the intrasplenic group and 103.3 +/- 8.4 mg% in the intraportal group. The mean IVGTT K-values 2 weeks after transplantation were -1.41 +/- 0.35% and -1.21 +/- 0.13%, respectively. On the basis of insulin content, the islet yield was 33.0 +/- 3.7% of the total pancreas in the intrasplenic group and 33.0 +/- 3.1% in the intrahepatic group. Islet mass was enhanced 10.2 +/- 1.5 and 20.0 +/- 6.2 fold, respectively, on the basis of insulin/amylase ratios. The success rate in this canine model compared favorably with previously published results from other laboratories.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A simple method of canine pancreatic islet isolation and intrahepatic transplantation. 249 6

In an attempt to clarify the mechanism(s) of increased susceptibility to oral infection in diabetics, we examined the levels of salivary antibacterial factors, including lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, and lactoferrin, in diabetic hamsters whose condition was induced with streptozotocin. Saliva was collected from these hamsters periodically for 19 weeks after the administration of streptozotocin. Diabetes persisted with significant hyperglycemia throughout the experiment after a single injection of streptozotocin. There was no significant difference between groups in the amount of saliva secreted. In diabetic hamsters, lysozyme activity decreased by 56% and lactoperoxidase activity decreased by 53% compared with the control hamsters 19 weeks after the administration of streptozotocin. There was no significant difference between groups in the amount of salivary lactoferrin. However, the ratio of lactoferrin to total protein increased to approximately double the amount of that of the control hamsters. Insulin treatment had a significant effect on lysozyme and lactoperoxidase activity, recovering 73 and 74% those of the controls, respectively, and the ratio of lactoferrin to total salivary protein reverted to normal values. Growth inhibition of Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 with whole saliva and amylase activity significantly decreased in diabetic hamsters. The position of each protein band of whole saliva on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was almost the same for control and diabetic hamsters; however, there was some variability in band intensity.
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PMID:Levels of salivary lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, and lactoferrin in diabetic hamsters. 258 Jul 90

Early diagnosis of rejection in pancreas-allograft transplantation remains a clinical challenge. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of antirejection therapy to reverse rejection when the diagnosis was based on either fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) or urinary amylase (UA). Sixteen dogs received a total-pancreas allograft with exocrine drainage into the bladder. Initially, a deliberately low dose of cyclosporin was given. Monitoring included percutaneous FNAB with ultrasound guidance and fasting spot measurements of UA. The diagnosis of rejection was made in alternate dogs when UA fell to less than 5000 IU/L (group A) or when the total corrected increment (TCI) of aspirated infiltrating cells was greater than 2.6 (group B). Antirejection therapy consisted of 10 mg.kg-1.day-1 i.v. methylprednisolone for 5 days and an increased dose of cyclosporin (25 mg.kg-1.day-1). The median allograft survival was 9 days (range 8-19) in group A and 32 days (range 10-63) in group B (P = .01). A fall in UA permitted the successful reversal of rejection in only one of six grafts, whereas five of seven grafts were successfully treated when rejection diagnosis was based on FNAB. In conclusion, early diagnosis of rejection was achieved by FNAB, improving the ability of antirejection therapy to reverse pancreas-allograft rejection and prolong survival.
Diabetes 1989 Jan
PMID:Improvement of canine pancreas-allograft survival with diagnosis of rejection by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. 264 29

Since our report at the 1984 American Surgical Association meeting of 100 pancreas transplants from 1966 through 1983, another 190 have been performed. The current series, begun in 1978, now numbers 276 cases, and includes 133 nonuremic recipients of pancreas transplants alone (PTA), 46 simultaneous pancreas/kidney transplants (SPK), and 97 pancreas tranplants after a kidney transplant (PAK). Duct management techniques used were free intraperitoneal drainage in 44 cases, duct occlusion in 44, enteric drainage in 89, and bladder drainage in 128. The 1-year patient and graft survival rates in the entire cohort of 276 were 91% and 42%. One-year patient survival rates were 88% in the first 100, 91% in the second 100, and 92% in the last 76 cases; corresponding 1-year graft survival rates were 28%, 47%, and 56% (p less than 0.05). A prospective comparison of bladder drainage (n = 82) versus enteric drainage (n = 46) in PAK/PTA cases since November 1, 1984 favored bladder drainage (1-year graft survival rates of 52% vs. 41%) because of urinary amylase monitoring. The best results were in recipients of primary SPK bladder-drained transplants (n = 39), with a 1-year pancreas graft survival rate of 75%, kidney graft survival rate of 80%, and patient survival rate of 95%. Logistic regression analysis, with 1-year graft function as the independent variable, showed significant (p less than 0.05) predictors of success (odds ratio) to be technique: bladder drainage (5.8) versus enteric drainage (2.5) versus duct injection (1.0); category: SPK (6.0) versus PAK from same donor (3.2) versus PAK from different donor (1.2) versus PTA (1.0); and donor HLA DR mismatch: 0 (5.0) versus 1 (2.5) versus 2 (1.0) antigens. On April 1, 1989, 90 patients had functioning grafts (60 euglycemic and insulin-free for more than 1 year, 10 for 5 to 10 years); these, along with 24 others whose grafts functioned for 1 to 6 years before failing, are part of an expanding cohort in whom the influence of inducing a euglycemic state on pre-existing secondary complications of diabetes is being studied. Only preliminary data is available. In regard to neuropathy, at more than 1 year after transplant in patients with functioning grafts, conduction velocities in some nerves were increased over baseline. In regard to retinopathy, deterioration in grade occurred in approximately 30% of the recipients by 3 years, whether the graft functioned continuously or failed early, but thereafter retinopathy in the patients with functioning grafts remained stable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:A 10-year experience with 290 pancreas transplants at a single institution. 267 82

Diabetic lipemia with and without acute pancreatitis in chronic alcoholism. A report of 4 cases. Diabetic lipemia was observed in 4 chronic alcoholic men after ingestion of high doses of alcohol and/or sugar-rich beverages, including one patient who was treated for insulin-dependent diabetes. None had a previous history of serum lipid disturbances. All had marked hyperglycemia, hyperosmolality and hypertriglyceridemia (mean: 60.8 mmol/l), 2 of undetermined type and 2 of type IV with eruptive xanthomas. Factitious hyponatremia was present in 3 cases, but true serum sodium was normal (138 mmol/l) or elevated (154, 156, 182 mmol/l) after correction. Three patients developed acute pancreatitis ascribed to high serum triglyceride levels and/or to alcohol ingestion. Serum and urine amylase activity was inhibited by hypertriglyceridemia. The diagnosis of pancreatitis was assessed twice by echography and computed tomographic scan, and once by tomographic scan and an elevation of the amylase on creatinine clearance ratio. It is likely that hypertriglyceridemia predisposed these patients to develop pancreatitis, alcoholism being a precipitating factor. We suggest that the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis should be systematically considered in any case of diabetic lipemia without true hyponatremia.
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PMID:[Diabetic hyperlipemia with or without acute pancreatitis in patients with chronic alcoholism. A study of 4 cases]. 274 Jun 61

We tested the new radioimmunoassay method of serum phospholipase A2 (PLA2). In healthy individuals, serum PLA2 concentrations were 301 +/- 65.6 ng/dl (mean +/- SD), and in patients with acute pancreatitis, significant elevations of serum PLA2 concentrations were observed. In clinical course of acute pancreatitis, serum PLA2 was maintained high level more longer than serum amylase and elastase 1. In patients with chronic pancreatitis, serum PLA2 concentration were low at a stage of severe exocrine dysfunction, and high at a stage of acute exacerbation. In patients with pancreatic cancer, serum PLA2 concentration were changed in accord with severity of disease states. After endoscopic retrograde pancreatography, serum PLA2 levels immediately elevated significantly, and returned to basal levels 24 hours later. Serum PLA2 concentrations were within normal range in patients with other malignant tumors, diabetes mellitus, chronic liver diseases, and hypertension, whereas in patients with chronic renal failure serum PLA2 concentrations were elevated. These results suggest that measurement of serum PLA2 can be clinically useful for diagnosis of pancreatitis and monitoring of mild and severe stage of pancreatitis.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of serum phospholipase A2 immunoreactivity]. 279 50

In order to obtain an appropriate tissue model to study human diabetes we isolated islet cells from pancreata obtained from brain-dead, heart-beating kidney donor subjects by collagenase dispersion and tissue culture. The presence of viable islet cells was confirmed by both immunofluorescence staining and hormone release experiments. Insulin and somatostatin release were determined on culture day 3 or 4 when amylase measurements indicated an absence of functional exocrine cells. Glucose, alpha-ketoisocaproic acid, theophylline, glucagon, and tolbutamide each stimulated insulin release 2- to 3-fold and somatostatin release 1.5- to 2-fold. Epinephrine and somatostatin both inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin release. Successful subculture of islet cells was achieved after dispersion of primary cultures with dispase. Subcultured islet cells released insulin into the medium during a subsequent 8-day period and when challenged with glucose responded with a 1.6-fold increase in insulin output. Cells cultured on glass coverslips were used to detect, by indirect immunofluorescence, islet cell surface antibodies (ICSA) in the sera of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Of 15 sera from patients with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 9 were ICSA positive, whereas all of 10 control sera were negative; in contrast, using rat insulinoma cells only 4 diabetic sera were positive, as well as 2 control sera. These findings demonstrate the functional viability of adult human islet cells in primary and secondary culture. Cultured human islet cells are a novel, sensitive, and specific system for detecting ICSA and for studying autoimmune effects, and provide a potential source of islet cells for transplantation.
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PMID:Adult human pancreatic islet cells in tissue culture: function and immunoreactivity. 286 82

Histopathological examinations were carried out on female DBA/2N and CD-1 mice which were autopsied 4 and 12 weeks after six daily intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (SZ). Histopathological changes related to SZ treatment were found in the pancreas, liver and kidneys. Little difference was observed between the two strains in the histological changes of the pancreas (a decrease in size of the islets, and degranulation and a decrease in the number of B cells) and liver (hypertrophy of hepatocytes and cytoplasmic invagination into hepatocyte nuclei). With regard to the changes in the kidneys, DBA/2N mice showed characteristic inclusions positive to periodic acid-Schiff reagent in the distal tubule epithelial cells, while CD-1 mice showed remarkable luminal dilatation and epithelial cell deformation of distal tubules. SZ-induced diabetes had no influence on the development of spontaneous cardiovascular lesions in DBA/2N mice under the present experimental conditions.
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PMID:Histopathology of streptozotocin-induced diabetic DBA/2N and CD-1 mice. 294 65


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