Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of somatostatin 201-995 (SMS) on the maintenance dose of intravenous cyclosporine and on graft blood flow, exocrine secretion, and rejection after porcine pancreaticoduodenal allotransplantation (PDA). For seven days, 12 pigs (6 control, 6 SMS-treated) were studied to determine the effects of SMS on serum CsA concentrations. Twenty-six pigs (14 control, 12 SMS) with streptozocin-induced diabetes underwent PDA. Blood flow was measured through graft celiac and superior mesenteric arteries 15 and 60 min after reperfusion. SMS (75 micrograms s.c.) was given after the 15-min blood-flow measurement in the SMS group. Sixteen pigs (8 control, 8 SMS) were followed postoperatively with daily measurements of serum glucose and amylase concentrations, and urine amylase and trypsin activities. All pigs were immunosuppressed with azathioprine, prednisone, and i.v. CsA. SMS pigs also received SMS (75 micrograms s.c.) every 8 hr. SMS had no effect on maintenance dose of CsA or on serum amylase, urine amylase, or urine trypsin activities. Mean days to rejection were also not affected. Intraoperative graft blood flow was significantly decreased by SMS, but incidence of graft thrombosis was unchanged. These results suggest that in the porcine PDA model, SMS does not appear to inhibit exocrine secretion and potentially may adversely affect the early course of PDA by decreasing graft blood flow.
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PMID:The effect of somatostatin 201-995 on the early course of porcine pancreaticoduodenal allotransplantation. 167 Sep 73

Pancreas-specific protein (PASP) was compared with serum amylase in 95 episodes of acute pancreatitis with the diagnoses supported by elevated amylase levels. The etiology was typical for Scandinavian countries, with alcohol as the predominant factor, followed by cholelithiasis. PASP values were clearly raised in all patients, except in three cases found to have high salivary-type amylase levels, and one patient with recurrent alcohol pancreatitis. The rise of PASP levels were in general more pronounced than the corresponding amylase elevations, especially in severe pancreatitis. The elevations were generally parallel for the two analytes, but in 41% of the cases PASP levels remained elevated 2-11 days longer than the corresponding amylase levels. PASP was, however, eliminated from the circulation at a rate comparable to that of amylase. The serum range of PASP for 259 healthy subjects was 15-111 micrograms/L with 95% of the values within 16-98 micrograms/L. The upper reference level was set at 100 micrograms/L. PASP levels were also determined for 291 patients with disorders other than acute pancreatitis. Serum levels in patients with renal insufficiency (n = 12), primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 9), and diabetes mellitus (n = 17) were equal to those in healthy subjects. Eight patients of 173 with acute abdominal disorders and no evidence of pancreatitis had elevated PASP levels as well as 4 patients with prostatic carcinoma (n = 28) and 2 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 16). PASP values were low in chronic painful pancreatitis (n = 15) and pancreatic cancer (n = 11).
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PMID:A novel assay for pancreatic cellular damage: IV. Serum concentrations of pancreas-specific protein (PASP) in acute pancreatitis and other abdominal diseases. 168 89

Exocrine pancreatic function was evaluated in 21 diabetic children on the basis of a p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) test and a determination of fasting serum amylase, pancreatic isoamylase, lipase, trypsin and elastase levels. Fecal chymotrypsin was also measured. Compared to the controls, the diabetic children had significantly lower levels of trypsin (P less than 0.001) and elastase (P less than 0.02). Fecal chymotrypsin appeared to be significantly lower (P less than 0.01) in diabetic children than in controls but in all patients fecal chymotrypsin values registered above the limit considered to be normal. No significant correlation was observed between pancreatic enzyme concentrations, serum and urinary PABA values, and chronologic age, HbA1 and insulin requirement. Only for serum PABA a significant negative correlation with duration of disease (P less than 0.01) has been observed. These data show that exocrine pancreatic function may be abnormal in children with IDDM.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1990 Mar
PMID:Exocrine pancreatic function in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 169 87

Amylase activity and mRNA abundance are reduced to less than 1% of normal levels in diabetic rat pancreas. Administration of vanadate in drinking water restored normal amylase activity and amylase mRNA levels. These results demonstrate an effect of vanadate on pancreatic acinar cells and suggest that vanadate can mimic the effect of insulin on transcription of the pancreatic amylase gene.
Diabetes 1990 Jun
PMID:Vanadate induction of pancreatic amylase mRNA in diabetic rats. 169 46

Effect of Gymnema sylvestre, R.Br. (G. sylvestre; GS4) on glucose homeostasis was studied in rats. In the first set of experiments, the acute effect of GS4 was examined in both non-diabetic and streptozocin (30 mg/kg)-induced mildly diabetic rats. Administration of 1 g/kg body weight of GS4 to 18-h fasted non-diabetic rats significantly attenuated the serum glucose response to oral administration of 1 g/kg glucose. The immunoreactive insulin (IRI) response in GS4-administered rats was lower, but not significantly, than that in control rats. In mildly diabetic rats, a 60 min increment in serum glucose concentrations was significantly reduced by GS4 administration. No IRI response was observed in these diabetic rats irrespective of GS4 administration. In the second set of experiments, the chronic effect of GS4 was examined in mildly diabetic rats. Two weeks after the induction of diabetes, the rats were divided into two groups that had similar impairment of glucose tolerance assessed by an oral glucose loading test. The rats were fed for 32-35 days with either a control diet or a diet supplemented with GS4. After 4 weeks, GS4 showed a tendency to reduce the serum glucose concentrations in the fed state and to improve the glucose tolerance. Gain in body weight, food intake, pancreas weight and the pancreatic contents of IRI, protein, amylase and trypsinogen were unaltered in the GS4-treated group compared with the control. These results suggest the usefulness of G. sylvestre in the treatment of certain classes of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract
PMID:Effect of Gymnema sylvestre, R.Br. on glucose homeostasis in rats. 169 75

A spontaneously developed endocrine-exocrine pancreatic dysfunction was observed in the aged males of an inbred strain of Wistar rats, WBN/Kob. Nonobese male WBN/Kob rats developed glycosuria and hyperglycemia at around 9 months of age. Cumulative incidence of diabetes in male rats was 43% (33 of 76) at 12 months of age and reached 90% at the age of 21 months. In contrast, female rats did not become diabetic. Urinary excretion of amylase in WBN/Kob rats was significantly increased in comparison with control Wistar rats. Moreover, the exocrine pancreatic function test was impaired in WBN/Kob rats. Pathological examination of pancreata revealed infiltration of inflammatory cells, hemorrhage, deposition of hemosiderin, and fibrinous exudation around pancreatic ducts and blood vessels at 3 months of age. A gradual increase of fibrous tissue into the exocrine tissue and islets was observed with advancing age. The extremely enlarged interlobular lymph nodes were also observed. At the age of 12 months, the fibrous tissue replaced extensive areas of the pancreas and involved islets. The amylase content of pancreata in WBN/Kob rats was markedly decreased in comparison with that in Wistar rats at 12 months of age. Islets composed of few endocrine cells were detected. Immunohistochemical staining for insulin and glucagon showed a decreased number of not only B cells but also A cells. Moreover, both the pancreatic insulin and glucagon contents were markedly decreased in WBN/Kob rats in comparison with Wistar rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Diabetic strain (WBN/Kob) of rat characterized by endocrine-exocrine pancreatic impairment due to distinct fibrosis. 169 84

Both insulin and glucocorticosteroid (GS) deficiency causes a reduction of amylase synthesis and changes in the dose-response curve of cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulated enzyme secretion in rats. Since we found a reduction of plasma insulin in adrenalectomized rats, we now tested the hypothesis that the regulation of amylase synthesis by insulin may be mediated by GS. Three groups of male rats were investigated: controls, streptozotocin induced diabetics, and diabetics treated with GS. Animals were sacrificed 10-14 days after injection of streptozotocin and isolated pancreatic acini prepared by collagenase digestion. Protein synthesis was measured on the translational level by incubation of acini with 35S-methionine followed by lysis of cells and separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE. In addition, protein synthesis was measured on the transcriptional level by isolation of mRNA from pancreatic acini and translation of proteins using the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. The loss of insulin in diabetic rats was associated with a 70-90% decrease in amylase synthesis and increases of synthesis of various proteases. This was due to a specific decrease in mRNA coding for amylase and increase in mRNA coding for proteases. Furthermore, the known rightward shift of the dose response curves of CCK stimulated amylase secretion was seen in diabetic animals. Treatment of diabetic rats with GS did deteriorate the catabolic status seen in diabetes with increases in mortality as compared to diabetes alone. However, neither the overall pattern of enzyme synthesis seen in diabetic rats nor the alterations in CCK stimulated enzyme secretion were changed by treatment with GS. We conclude that the regulation of amylase synthesis and enzyme secretion by insulin is not mediated via GS.
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PMID:Pancreatic enzyme synthesis and secretion are independently regulated by insulin and glucocorticosteroids. 170 71

Male Wistar rats were fasted overnight and anaesthetized 3-4 weeks after the induction of streptozotocin diabetes. The right parotid ducts were cannulated, and parotid salivary flow was induced by stimulating the sympathetic trunk in bursts (50 Hz, 1:10). Stimulated and unstimulated glands were weighed, fixed for morphometric analysis, and assayed for total protein and amylase. Gland weights did not differ between diabetic and control rats. Nevertheless, total protein (6.17 +/- 5.40 mg) and amylase (1.32 +/- 0.49 mg) output from the gland were reduced in diabetic animals compared with controls (13.73 +/- 2.81 and 3.41 +/- 0.51 mg, respectively). Morphometric analysis of unstimulated glands showed no differences in either acinar cell profile area, or in the number of secretory granule profiles/cell in unstimulated glands. Upon sympathetic stimulation, however, the depletion of granule profiles was significantly less in diabetic than in control rats. Finally, the mean diameter of secretory granules was significantly less in diabetic (0.89 +/- 0.05 microM) than in control (1.04 +/- 0.06 microM) glands.
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PMID:Morphological effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation on rat parotid glands 3-4 weeks after the induction of streptozotocin diabetes. 170 89

Diabetes is associated with a diminution in exocrine pancreatic function. The goal of our study was to investigate whether the altered exocrine pancreatic function of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats could be ameliorated by islet transplantation. Diabetic rats received either more than 1,000 syngeneic islets intraportally (islet transplantation group) or pancreatic, nonviable insular tissue (sham transplantation group). Plasma amylase and insulin levels in diabetic rats were significantly lower than in normal rats. The exocrine pancreas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats showed alterations (decrease of zymogen granules, diminution of endoplasmic reticulum, clusters of ribosomes without organization) in the structure of acinar cells at the electron microscopic level. After islet transplantation, plasma glucose levels were restored to normal values, and those of amylase and insulin gradually increased to normal values. A positive correlation between plasma levels of amylase and insulin was found. Three months after islet transplantation, the islet-transplanted rats did not show morphologic alterations of the acinar cells which were still found in the sham-transplanted rats. It is concluded that alterations of exocrine pancreas in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats are ameliorated by islet transplantation.
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PMID:Islet transplantation restores normal serum amylase levels in diabetic rats. 170 86

Serum amylase and isoamylase values were determined in three groups of dogs. The first group contained control dogs while the other groups contained dogs with confirmed exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and diabetes mellitus respectively. The trypsin-like immunoreactivity test was also carried out on sera from dogs with exocrine pancreatic disease (EPI). A significant difference was detected in the serum amylase values between the three groups which may be of limited diagnostic value. Dogs with EPI had values lower than normal while those with diabetes mellitus had values higher than control dogs. No evidence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was found in dogs with diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Serum amylase and isoamylase values in dogs with pancreatic disease. 170 52


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