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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Experiments on male rats showed that following subcutaneous injection of alloxan in a dose of 15 mg per 100 g of body weight amylolytic, invertase, glycyl-l-tyrosine dipeptidehydrolase activity of the mucosa of the small intestine altered differently. As a result, there occurred a deviation of the enzymatic spectrum from the normal characterized by a sharp increase (with the development of diabetes) of the activity of the carbohydrate hydrolysing enzymes (amylase and invertase) with a simultaneous reduction of the activity of the enzymes participating in protein (dipeptidase) and fat (monglyceridlipase) hydrolysis.
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PMID:[Effect of alloxan diabetes on the enzyme activity of the mucous membrane of the small intestine]. 72 80

A 52-year-old man with an extremely instable insulin-treated diabetes mellitus, were transplanted with a duct-ligated pancreatic segment from a brain-dead donor. The graft showed immediately a satisfying endocrine function. The blood glucose levels were normalized and no exogenous insulin was administered. After five days a clear fluid with high contents of protein and high concentration of amylase started to drain from the wound. The drainage ceased spontaneously after 30 days. On day 41 after transplantation, the function of the graft suddenly stopped. At exploration, the graft was found thrombotized but with a well preserved architecture, and the oversewn end of the graft was intact. The patient is back on insulin treatment, and he is in the same condition as before the transplantation.
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PMID:Transplantation of a duct-ligated pancreatic allograft to a diabetic patient. 78 19

The three major phases in the secretory process in the exocrine pancreas (synthesis, intracellular transport, zymogen discharge) have been tested in vitro after changing circulating insulin levels in rats in vivo. One group of rats received a continuous infusion of glucose for periods up to 72 hours, which keeps blood glucose levels above 200 mg/100 ml and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) raised to 130 muU/ml. As a result of this treatment, amylase content in the pancreas increases by 25% while chymotrypsinogen and lipase show a comparable decrease. The rate of total protein synthesis increased by 40% after 48 hours of infusion. The basal and carbamylcholine stimulated discharge of newly synthesized proteins are not altered. The baseline discharge of amylase is increased significantly, while the discharge of lipase and chymotrypsinogen decreased below control levels. Similar results are obtained, if circulating insulin levels are raised by the application of glibenblamide (HB419) for a period of 24 hours. Protein synthesis increases by 26.5% and baseline discharge of amylase by 50%. In chronic alloxan diabetic animals the alteration of the exocrine pancreatic function depends on the severity of the diabetes and relates to circulating insulin levels. Animals with highest blood glucose levels and low or undetectable insulin concentrations show a disappearance of amylase from the exocrine pancreas and a depression of the rate of protein synthesis by 30%. The results suggest a direct effect of insulin on protein biosynthesis and zymogen discharge, most pronounced for amylase.
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PMID:Regulation of exocrine pancreatic secretory process by insulin in vivo. 80 10

A new automated potentiometric method for the determination of colipase was developed, taking advantage of the reactivation of purified lipase, in the presence of bile salt and at pH 6.5. High-fat and high-starch diets induced an opposite regulation of lipase and amylase in the rat pancreas. At the same time, the level of colipase was not influenced by nutrition. During fasting and in alloxan diabetes, the specific activity of lipase almost doubled, that of amylase decreased sharply, and colipase was not affected in the rat pancreas. In obese-hyperglycemic mice, suffering from obesity, hyperinsulinism, and moderate diabetes, there was also no regulation of pancreatic colipase. Thus, at variance with a number of hydrolases, there was no dietary or hormonal adaptation of colipase. However, this was probably without any bearing on intraluminal lipolysis. Indeed, comparison of lipase and colipase activities in pancreas and in small intestine suggests that colipase concentration is not a limiting factor of intraluminal lipolysis. The molecular mechanism of this assumption is discussed on the basis of in vitro studies.
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PMID:Lack of adaptation of pancreatic colipase in rats and mice. 84 20

Under conditions of stimulation with pancreozymine (in doses of 1.5 and 0.5 Units/kg), a specific stimulant of the enzyme secretion of the pancreas, there occurred a significant fall of the concentration and of the amount of lipase and trypsin in the duodenal contents of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus for over 5 years (20 investigations) in comparison with the indices in 14 healthy persons. No disturbances of amylase secretion were found in diabetes. Proceeding from the evidence on the role played by calcium and cyclic 3'--5'-adenosinmonophosphate in the regulation of the external pancreatic secretion the effect of calcium gluconate and euphylline was tested; they appeared to be effective stimulants of pancreatic secretion of the enzymes in patients with diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[Use of pancreozymin for detection of pancreatic enzyme-secreting insufficiency in diabetic patients and selection of methods of treatment]. 93 82

A case report is presented of a 38-year-old alcoholic welfare patient. Drainage of a pancreatic abscess, which had to be repeated, pyloromyotomy, cholecystectomy and sphincterotomy were undertaken in 1972 at another hospital. He was admitted on the present occasion because of weight loss, severe attacks of pain and diabetes. At operation multiple necrotic areas were found in the pancreas, with many stones in the parenchymatous tissue and in the main pancreatic duct and one large stone close to the pailla acting like a valve. Sub-total duodenopancreatectomy, resection of the pyloric region of the stomach, retrocolic hepaticojejunostomy and gastroenteroanastomosis was performed. The postoperative recovery took place without complications. 5 days after discharge the patient died in a hypoglycaemic coma at another hospital. He had administered 400 U. insulin to himself whilst in a drunken state. A short description is given of the aetiology and pathogenesis of calcifying pancreatitis. The choice of the surgical technique depends on the operative findings and the aim of therapy. Attention is called to the increase in late mortality in patients with pancreatectomy who do not abstain from alcohol.
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PMID:[Fatal outcome of a case with calcifying alcoholic pancreatitis (author's transl)]. 97 84

Exocrine pancreatic function was studied in 20 juvenile-onset diabetics, seven maturity-onset diabetics, and five patients with diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis. The results were compared with 13 non-diabetic controls. The outputs of bicarbonate, trypsin, and amylase were reduced in the diabetic patients in response to intravenous secretin and CCK-PZ. In the juvenile-onset group, exocrine pancreatic secretory capacity was reduced in 80% of the patients, and the severity of the reduction was related to the duration of the diabetes. The reduction in pancreatic secretory capacity must be taken into consideration when interpreting pancreatic exocrine function in patients with diabetes.
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PMID:Exocrine pancreatic function in juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus. 97 8

1. A comparative cross-over trial of mefruside and cyclopenthiazide, each drug being given for 6 weeks, was conducted on thirty hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance. Other antihypertensive therapy, any antidiabetic therapy and potassium supplementation were kept constant throughout the trial. Dosages of mefruside and cyclopenthiazide were adjusted to give approximately equal blood pressure levels in the two drug periods. 2. There was no significant difference in the following parameters studied during the sixth week of each of the two periods of drug therapy: serum electrolytes, total CO2, chloride, urea, amylase, haemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, platelet and white blood cell counts, lying and standing blood pressure and pulse rate, weight, fasting and 2-h glucose and insulin levels and five-value glucose and insulin curve areas, fasting calcium and phosphate. 3. Serum creatinine and uric acid showed a small but significant fall during mefruside therapy.
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PMID:Effect of equivalent antihypertensive doses of mefruside and cyclopenthiazide on serum electrolytes, uric acid and glucose tolerance in hypertensive patients. 109 62

In 11 juvenile diabetics and 13 control subjects, the secretin-pancreozymin test was performed. Duodenal-volume losses were corrected by use of radioactive vitamin B12 as marker substance. As compared to normal subjects, juvenile diabetics had significantly decreased pancreatic outputs of amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and to a lesser degree, of bicarbonate. Clinical evidence of disease of the exocrine pancreas was missing. There was no discernible relationship between the abnormality of external pancreatic function and the duration of diabetes mellitus or the dose of insulin required. Possible factors that may be responsible for the exocrine deficiency of the pancreas in juvenile diabetics are discussed.
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PMID:Exocrine pancreatic function in juvenile diabetics. 113 Mar 59

The altered excretion of isoenzymes of amylase in urine was used as an early indicator of the loss of electric charges in the glomerular basement membrane, in 202 juvenile-onset insulin-dependent diabetic patients, compared with the pattern of excretion in 51 normal subjects matched for age and sex. Diabetics showed an increased excretion of salivary amylase. The salivary to pancreatic amylase ratio in urine (S/P ratio) was always below 1 in control subjects, but was elevated in 33.2% of diabetics, although microalbuminuria was present in only 26.2% of diabetic patients. The concentrations of other proteins in urine were within the reference ranges in nearly all patients, indicating that the kidney was not seriously affected. The increased salivary amylase excretion was not due to changes in the plasma concentration of any of the isoamylases, but to a real increase in excretion, as its fractional excretion in relation to creatinine clearance was clearly increased (1.0 +/- 0.7 vs. 1.52 +/- 1.99, p < 0.05), and the ratio of their clearances was also increased (0.35 +/- 0.18 vs. 0.49 +/- 0.61, p > 0.05). Moreover, the prevalence of altered S/P ratios was higher than the prevalence of microalbuminuria (36.6% vs. 18.8% of patients in the first decade of evolution of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus). Altered S/P ratios were most prevalent in the first decade, whereas microalbuminuria was most prevalent in the second decade of the disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Early changes of urinary amylase isoenzymes in diabetes mellitus. 128 27


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