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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diabetic osteopenia has been known as one of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus, and a decrease in bone turnover has been thought to be one of the pathophysiological characteristics of this complication. In order to investigate the effect of long-term insulin therapy on low bone turnover in diabetes, pancreas transplantation was performed on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Plasma levels of bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein(osteocalcin) in untreated diabetic rats were 0.9 +/- 0.1 (mean +/- SEM) nmol/l, significantly lower than the value of 4.2 +/- 0.6 nmol/l in control rats (p less than 0.01). Pancreas transplantation reversed this decrease to 6.3 +/- 1.1 nmol/l, which was not significantly different from the value in control rats. The circulating levels of calcitriol were significantly decreased in the untreated diabetic group (p less than 0.01), and the decrease was fully reversed by pancreas transplantation. In addition, the decreases in bone length, strength and weight were also improved by the transplantation. This evidence clearly shows that the improvement of metabolic derangements in diabetes by insulin is essential for the prevention of deterioration in diabetic osteopenia. It is possible, therefore, that insulin exerts an indirect beneficial influence through the metabolic amelioration on the decreases in bone turnover and circulating osteocalcin in diabetes mellitus, or has a direct stimulatory effect on the osteoblasts via the insulin receptor since its presence has been shown recently in osteoblastic cells.
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PMID:Effect of pancreas transplantation on decreased levels of circulating bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein and osteopenia in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. 138 56

622 patients were operated on between 1966 and 1988. Urolithiasis was the most common presenting symptom (26%) but routine measurements of serum calcium led to detect 50% cases. At present, the disease is three times more frequent in women than in men. Estrogenic deprivation, neck irradiation (3.4%) and lithium therapy favor the occurrence of hyperparathyroidism (HPT); frequent association with goiter (19.8%), diabetes (8.3%) and multiple endocrine neoplasia (3.5%) has been noticed. Bone Gla protein concentrations correlate with calcium and HPT blood concentrations but do not reflect the severity of bone damage. Dual photon absorptiometry is now available for quantification and follow-up of bone demineralization, especially in asymptomatic forms of HPT.
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PMID:Current concepts in primary hyperparathyroidism. 261 94

Recent evidence suggests that the protein osteocalcin is like the bone alkaline phosphatase produced by osteoblasts and circulates in human blood. With the introduction of a radioimmunoassay for serum osteocalcin it was hoped that this test would provide a useful index of altered bone metabolism. Therefore serum osteocalcin was measured in 88 controls and 112 patients with disorders of calcium and phosphate metabolism, isolated elevation of alkaline serum phosphatase in the absence of disease (isolated hyperphosphatasaemia) and children prone to osteopenia. In the controls serum osteocalcin was higher in children less than 15 years (median and range: 11.9, 7.7-15.3 ng/ml) than in adults (3.7, 2.6-5.2 ng/ml) and was highly correlated to alkaline serum phosphatase activity (r = 0.87, n = 88, P less than 0.01). Osteocalcin was elevated in primary hypoparathyroidism, low in untreated hypoparathyroidism but normal in hypoparathyroidism (including pseudohypoparathyroidism) during vitamin D treatment. The bone protein was low-normal and increased to high-normal levels during vitamin D therapy in vitamin D deficiency rickets and familial hypophosphataemic rickets, but remained low in patients with end organ resistance to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Osteocalcin (and urinary hydroxyproline) were not elevated in isolated hyperphosphatasaemia, indicating that mechanisms other than increased bone turnover may account for the markedly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activity in these subjects. Osteocalcin was decreased in children with diabetes mellitus type I and in patients on glucocorticoid treatment, indicating decreased bone formation. It is concluded that the measurement of serum osteocalcin seems to be a reliable index of bone formation provided that the vitamin D status and renal function are normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Evaluation of serum osteocalcin as an index of altered bone metabolism. 301 28

To investigate the pathophysiology of diabetic osteopenia, circulating levels and bone contents of bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGP) were measured in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats . Plasma calcium and total protein were significantly decreased (P less than .01) in the diabetic group, and the plasma level of BGP in diabetic rats was 19.6 +/- 2.8 (mean +/- SE) ng/ml, which is significantly lower than the value of 89.2 +/- 14.0 ng/ml in control rats (P less than .01). Bone contents of calcium and hydroxyproline per femur were significantly decreased in the diabetic group (P less than .01), and the ratios of bone calcium to hydroxyproline were not different. Bone BGP content per femur in the diabetic group was 669 +/- 58 micrograms, which was also significantly lower compared with 1241 +/- 126 micrograms in control rats (P less than .01). The decreased bone content of BGP is consistent with the hypothesis that BGP synthesis is impaired in insulin-deficient diabetes. Because a relationship between plasma levels of BGP and bone turnover has been established, the low plasma BGP value suggests there is a decrease in bone turnover in diabetic rats. Therefore, we postulate that the low bone turnover is one of the pathological features of diabetic osteopenia and is at least partly responsible for the occurrence of this complication in diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes 1988 Jun
PMID:Circulating levels and bone contents of bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein are decreased in streptozocin-induced diabetes. Possible marker for diabetic osteopenia. 326 Feb

Purified osteocalcin from cow and calf bone was analyzed for nonenzymatic glycosylation (glycation) by sodium [3H]borohydride reduction. Calf bone was found to be approximately 5% glycated, while bone from mature cows was 10% glycated. These results were confirmed by a second method which utilizes periodate oxidation followed by formaldehyde fluorescence. Osteocalcin in human bone was also found to be glycated. The content of glycated osteocalcin from the bones of 47 nondiabetic individuals, aged 0.6-97, was dependent upon age. The extent of glycation was lowest in children, was constant through the adult years, and increased linearly in bone taken from individuals aged 60-97. Glycated osteocalcin was purified by boronate affinity chromatography and subjected to one-step Edman degradation. It was established that the site of glycation was the amino-terminal tyrosine. Increases in the amount of glycated osteocalcin in the bones of older individuals may play a role in the pathogenesis of senile osteoporosis and in the osteopenia which may accompany diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:"Glycated" osteocalcin in human and bovine bone. The effect of age. 349 Apr 75

Osteocalcin and PTH serum levels were measured in 41 insulin-dependent diabetic pregnant women through the three trimesters of pregnancy with a total of 106 determinations of osteocalcin and 137 of PTH. In parallel we quantified these parameters in 90 normal pregnant women throughout the three trimesters of pregnancy. In addition calcitriol, osteocalcin and PTH levels were quantified at delivery in 16 diabetic pregnant women and 16 normal pregnant women at delivery, in cord serum and in the infants during the first days of life. Non-pregnant women (n = 48) were the control group. In normal pregnant women PTH levels increased during the third trimester and total calcitriol increased at delivery. Osteocalcin levels decreased in the second trimester but returned to normal values during the third trimester of pregnancy. Diabetic pregnant women showed constant PTH levels throughout pregnancy. At delivery in diabetic pregnant women, total calcitriol levels increased to a smaller extent than in normal pregnant women. Osteocalcin concentrations in the second and third trimester of pregnancy were lower than in the non-pregnant group. Infants of diabetic mothers showed lower PTH and osteocalcin concentrations than infants of normal pregnant women, whereas their calcitriol levels were similar. These data indicate that diabetes decreases bone turnover during pregnancy in the mother and during the perinatal period in their offspring.
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PMID:Serum osteocalcin concentrations in diabetic pregnant women and their newborns. 795 11

To investigate bone mineral metabolism in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, serum osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation, was measured in 31 diabetic children at onset of disease and 15 days after metabolic improvement by insulin therapy. As a control group for osteocalcin levels we studied 31 healthy sex- and age-matched children. Mean values of serum osteocalcin at onset of diabetes were significantly lower than in control group (p < 0.001), but we did not find any difference after 15 days of insulin therapy. Osteocalcin and parathyroid hormone concentrations were significantly greater after 15 days of insulin treatment than at onset of disease (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The osteocalcin levels were negatively correlated both with fructosamine and with glycosylated hemoglobin (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively), and positively correlated with the degree of metabolic acidosis at onset (p < 0.05). Therefore we postulate that during glycometabolic imbalance there is a decrease in bone turnover that could be one of the etiological factors of diabetic osteopenia.
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PMID:Effect of insulin treatment on osteocalcin levels in diabetic children and adolescents. 822 79

In order to investigate the pathophysiology of the diabetic osteopenia observed in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, the circulating levels and the bone contents of bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (osteocalcin) were determined in rat models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, neonatally streptozotocin-induced rats and in genetic Wistar fatty rats. In Wistar fatty rats the plasma level of osteocalcin was 8.1 +/- 0.8 nmol/l, significantly lower than the value of 17.3 +/- 0.9 nmol/l in their lean littermates (p < 0.001). Bone length, bone strength, and weight of powdered bone in Wistar fatty rats were significantly decreased compared to control rats (p < 0.001, p < 0.02 and p < 0.001, respectively). Bone content of osteocalcin per femur in Wistar fatty rats was also significantly decreased compared to controls (p < 0.001). In addition, plasma osteocalcin in neonatally streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was 2.9 +/- 0.3 nmol/l, which was also significantly decreased compared to the value of 5.6 +/- 0.5 nmol/l in their controls (p < 0.001). Since it has been established that the plasma level of osteocalcin is well related to bone formation and turnover, the low plasma values in these animal models suggest that bone formation and turnover are decreased in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Low bone formation and turnover are, therefore, postulated to be one of the pathophysiological characteristics of the skeletal tissue in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and to be at least in part responsible for the occurrence of this complication.
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PMID:Circulating levels and bone contents of bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein in rat models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 844 97

A homologous radioimmunoassay for human osteocalcin was used to measure cord serum osteocalcin concentrations in normal pregnancies and in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and diabetes. The mean osteocalcin concentrations in term newborns (100-110 micrograms/l) were comparable with levels that we previously measured in pubertal children. There was a small increase in mean osteocalcin concentrations during the third trimester of fetal life, with the maximum at 35 weeks; between weeks 36 and 41, the osteocalcin levels dropped by 13%. Osteocalcin was 20% lower in IUGR neonates than in age- or weight-matched newborns. The newborns of diabetic mothers had markedly lower osteocalcin concentrations than the weight-matched neonates, and 16 of the 19 samples were more than 1 SD below the mean of the gestational-age osteocalcin regression curve. Cord serum osteocalcin appears to be a useful parameter in studying normal and abnormal fetal mineralization.
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PMID:Umbilical cord osteocalcin in normal pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by fetal growth retardation or diabetes mellitus. 872 80

Osteocalcin is a bone specific protein which is secreted by mature osteoblasts and is measurable in peripheral blood plasma. In growing female pigs (n = 6) osteocalcin was measured in daily blood samples between an age of 125 to 238 days and the values were compared to IGF-I and cortisol. Mean concentrations of osteocalcin were 158 +/- 2.7 ng/ml and the concentrations were significantly correlated to those of IGF-I (r = 0.12 p < or = 0.01 n = 581) and cortisol (r = 0.13 p < or = 0.01 n = 503). Both hormones and less pronounced osteocalcin revealed a rhythm-like pattern with a period of 10-14 days. In addition, rhythm-like variations with a period of about 5 weeks are visible. The highest correlation was found between IGF-I and cortisol both within the animals (r = 0.28, n = 508, p < or = 0.001) and between the individuals (r = 0.94, n = 6, p < or = 0.01). Thus a dialog between IGF-I and cortisol may be assumed. A possible physiological role is discussed.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1996
PMID:Relationships between IGF-I, cortisol, and osteocalcin in peripheral plasma of growing pigs. 888 53


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