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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Insulin-degrading activity was measured in the 100,000g supernatant fraction of muscle, liver, and kidney from rats of varying ages. Young animals (four weeks old) had the highest activity in all three tissues. By seven weeks of age the activity in both muscle and liver had decreased significantly as compared with four-week-old animals. A slight but nonsignificant decrease occurred in kidney. In animals over one year of age the insulin-degrading activity in all three tissues was significantly less than the activities at either four or seven weeks. In contrast the effect of age on degradation of albumin and parathormone was much less marked.
Diabetes 1979 Apr
PMID:The effect of age on insulin-degrading activity in rat tissue. 43 72

Endocrine functions were examined in 21 patients with mitochondrial myopathies presenting with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and other additional neurological and multisystemic symptoms. Ten patients had the features of the Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Deletions of the mitochondrial DNA were found in 4 out of 5 patients examined. Fourteen patients, including 3 with deletions of the mitochondrial DNA, had various and often multiple endocrine abnormalities: 6 patients were of short stature, 3 had irregular menstrual cycles, 3 had undersized testicles, 5 showed an insufficient rise of growth hormone following the administration of growth-hormone-releasing hormone, 4 showed an insufficient rise in FSH after administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, 5 had manifest diabetes mellitus, 3 showed an impaired glucose tolerance, and 2 patients had subnormal serum levels of parathormone in combination with hypocalcaemia. One patient additionally had Klinefelter's syndrome with a kariotype 47, XXY and increased levels of FSH and LH, subnormal levels of testosterone and subnormal testicular volume. The occurrence of endocrine defects correlated with the duration of disease. The data demonstrate that endocrine abnormalities are frequently associated with mitochondrial myopathy, indicating that this multisystemic disease also involves various endocrine tissues.
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PMID:Endocrine abnormalities in mitochondrial myopathy with external ophthalmoplegia. 160 Mar 49

At present great attention is paid to Ca2+ metabolic derangement in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular alterations. Some researchers interpret this derangement as change in the ratio of parathyroid secretory activity and thyroid C-cell activity. For this purpose the blood levels of parathormone and calcitonin were investigated by radioimmunoassay with simultaneous recording of lower limb hemodynamic indices in 136 patients with diabetes mellitus. Change of elasticity of major vessels, a decrease in the reserve blood flow, marked to a greater extent in patients over 40 and combined with essential hypertension, were observed. An increase in the blood levels of parathormone and calcitonin was also observed. Direct correlation was established in both age groups between the levels of parathormone and calcitonin and hemodynamic indices.
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PMID:[Secretion of calcium-regulating hormones in diabetes mellitus]. 202 61

Relative low serum levels of parathormone (PTH) and low incidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism have been reported in diabetic uremic patients. The pathogenesis of this reported resistance to uremic secondary hyperparathyroidism in diabetes remains controversial. We have measured the serum C-terminal parathormone (C-PTH) renal phosphorus threshold (TmPO4) and nephrogenous cyclic AMP (N-cCAMP), in 2-hour urine collection in 22 patients with diabetic nephropathy with moderate chronic renal failure and in 27 controls with similar creatinine clearance values (18.16 +/- 9.14 and and 19.1 +/- 8.47 ml/min). In spite of the lower levels of serum C-PTH (1.07 +/- 0.43 ng/ml) diabetic patients exhibited an increased phosphaturia (TmPO4: 1.97 +/- 0.9 mg/100 ml GFR) when compared with the control group (C-PTH: 2.01 +/- 1.17 mg/ml, and TmPO4: 2.5 +/- 0.7 ml GFR). When the C-PTH values were plotted against the logarithm of creatinine clearance values, both groups showed a significant linear relationship reflecting the progressive increase in PTH when GFR fell. This progressive parathyroid stimulus was also present in diabetic patients but in a lower intensity. We believe that increased phosphaturia in diabetics with moderate chronic renal failure may be a major factor in precluding the appearance of secondary hyperparathyroidism in these patients once they reach the dialysis and transplantation programs.
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PMID:Relative hyperphosphaturia in diabetic chronic renal failure: a protective factor of hyperparathyroidism. 367 Feb 26

Diabetes mellitus is associated with a decrease in bone mineral content and increased urinary excretion of calcium and phosphate. The purpose here was to elucidate the pathogenesis of these changes by comparing serum calcium fractions of diabetics and healthy controls. In a cross-sectional study, serum ionized calcium at pH 7.40, [Ca2+]7.4, of 46 insulin-treated diabetics was decreased in comparison with 44 healthy controls: mean 1.16 (SD 0.04) vs 1.21 (SD 0.03) mmol/L (p less than 0.001). The decreased [Ca2+]7.4 was associated with a higher concentration of complexed calcium in diabetic serum. The diabetics had higher concentrations of undetermined anions (p less tha 0.001) and this anion gap correlated negatively with [Ca2+]7.4 (r = -0.43, p less than 0.02). Serum [Mg2+] was decreased in the diabetics (p less than 0.001). Values for venous acid-base status, serum creatinine, total and ultrafiltrable calcium, parathyrin, and inorganic phosphate were the same in the two groups. [Ca2+]7.4, but not serum total calcium, had increased by 0.04 mmol/L (p less than 0.001) in the diabetics and by 0.02 mmol/L (p less than 0.01) in the controls by 90 min after breakfast, with and without subcutaneous insulin, respectively.
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PMID:Serum calcium fractions in diabetes mellitus. 675 97

It is known that osteopenia is frequently associated with diabetes mellitus. Although its mechanism is not well understood, impaired bone formation due to an osteoblast deficit seems to be a major factor as reflected by a fall in serum levels of osteocalcin and by the findings of low bone formation with bone histomorphometry. In the present study, we studied the effect of high glucose conditions on osteoblast by examining the responsiveness of human osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells to human parathyroid hormone 1-34 [hPTH-(1-34)]. MG-63 cells were cultured either with 5.5 mM glucose (normal glucose), 55.0 mM glucose (high glucose) or 5.5 mM glucose plus 49.5 mM mannitol (high mannitol) condition for 7 days. Both an increase in cAMP levels and an immediate increase in [Ca2+]i, induced by hPTH(1-34), were significantly lower in high glucose-treated cells than in those treated with normal glucose or high mannitol. Basal cAMP levels in the cells after a 7-day culture in high glucose conditions were significantly higher than in those in the other two groups. We concluded that high glucose specifically impaired the response to hPTH(1-34). This impairment seemed to arise from an increase in intracellular cAMP levels, which is reported to induce downregulation of PTH receptors.
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PMID:Impaired response of human osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells to human parathyroid hormone induced by sustained exposure to high glucose. 756 50

Data are presented concerning the basal levels of parathormone and calcitonin and the effect of dihydropyridine derivatives on the characteristics of haemodynamics as well as pancreatic secretory activity in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is shown that in diabetic patients with hypertension a single administration of the drugs induces vasodilatation which causes lowering of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In patients with diabetes mellitus in combination with hypertension, heart coronary disease and obvious peripheral angiopathy (similar procedure) no peripheral vasodilatation was observed. No negative effects were observed on the compensatory processes (and obviously on pancreatic secretory activity in patients with both insulin-dependent and insulin-independent diabetes mellitus even during long-lasting administration of drugs. A conclusion is made that calcium channel antagonists should be recommended to patients with diabetes mellitus taking into account the state of their peripheral vessels.
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PMID:[Effect of calcium antagonists on the hemodynamic and pancreatic secretory parameters in diabetes mellitus]. 840 42

It has been shown that an adenine (A) to guanine (G) transition at position 3243 of the mitochondrial transfer RNA(tRNA)leu(UUR) gene is associated with a subgroup of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, we screened for this transition in 86 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in which two or three generations were affected with diabetes, in 14 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and in 9 families with diabetes mellitus and/or associated disorders suggesting mitochondrial gene abnormalities. We failed to identify the mutation in 100 diabetic patients, 86 NIDDM and 14 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Out of the latter 9 families, we identified an A to G transition in 14 individuals in 5 families. Diabetes mellitus was shown to be maternally inherited in one family. In 9 of 14 patients with the mutation, insulin was required to treat diabetes mellitus, indicating impaired insulin secretion. A hyperglycemic clamp test performed in one subject revealed significant impairment of insulin secretion, whereas euglycemic clamp test showed normal insulin sensitivity in this patient. The heteroplasmy of the mutant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in leukocytes does not appear to correlate with the severity of diabetes in terms of the insulin therapy required. Body mass index of the affected individuals was less than 23.3. In one family, in addition to diabetes mellitus and hearing loss, hypoparathyroidism was associated with the mutation, suggesting that hypoparathyroidism is caused by the impaired processing and/or secretion of proparathyroid hormone due to the mutation. In addition, the affected subjects presented with proteinuria at the time of diagnosis of diabetes mellitus which appeared not to be related with diabetic nephropathy.
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PMID:Clinical manifestations due to a point mutation of the mitochondrial tRNAleu(UUR) gene in five families with diabetes mellitus. 961 61

The reasons of transient hypocalcemia, frequently occurring after thyroid surgery, were investigated. Serum total calcium (seCa) and phosphorus (seP) levels were determined in 185 patients with benign nodular goiter before and after thyroid surgery. Beside these, in 27 additional patients, serum magnesium (seMg), total protein, albumin, calcitonin, parathormone (PTH) and 25-OH-D3 vitamin (25-OH-D3) levels were determined; corrected calcium (cCa) values, reflecting ionized calcium concentrations, were calculated. The daily changes of seCa and protein levels were measured in 20 patients. Another twenty patients, undergoing non-endocrinological surgery served as controls. Transient, mild but significant decrease of seCa was observed after surgery, while seP values were increased. Mild hypocalcemia (seCa<2.12 mmol/l) developed in 18.4%, severe hypo-calcemia (seCa<1.9 mmol/l) in 5.4% of the patients. The reduction of seCa levels was more pronounced in elderly, female patients. SeMg, total protein and albumin decreased, while cCa, PTH, calcitonin and 25-OH-D3 values did not change. Positive correlation was demonstrated between the change of seCa and albumin levels. Similar results were obtained in the general surgery group. In the thyroid operated group, in case of severe hypocalcemia, PTH levels decreased significantly into the pathological range. It may be concluded that transient, mild postoperative hypocalcemia is not a thyroid surgery-dependent phenomenon; it can also be observed after other operations accompanied by similar blood loss; in its development hypoalbuminemia plays a role. The causal role of PTH, calcitonin and 25-OH-D3 could not be proved in this study. Hypoparathyroidism can be responsible for the development of severe, prolonged hypocalcemia occurring at rare occasions.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2000
PMID:Changes of serum calcium level following thyroid surgery--reasons and clinical implications. 1098 56

The aim of the study was to evaluate whether in diabetics with good metabolic control and without any diabetic complications, disturbances of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium metabolism or hormonal regulation (parathormone/calcitonin) were present, and if they depended on type of diabetes, duration time of diabetes, kind of hypoglycaemic treatment, sex or age of patients. 83 subjects were examined, including: 14 with type 1 diabetes mellitus, 49 with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 20 healthy persons. All tests were performed in standarized low-calcium diet conditions. In basal conditions both serum concentrations and daily urine excretion of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium were estimated. Oral and intravenous calcium load tests with simultaneous parathormone, calcitonin, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus concentrations estimation were done. The final conclusions were as follow: Both in type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects with good metabolic compensation and without advanced diabetic complications a tendency to early disturbances of calcium-phosphorus metabolism is observed. Physiological hormonal control (parathormone/calcitonin) is preserved. Correlations between mineral metabolism and type of diabetes, duration time of diabetes, daily insulin dose, body mass index and sex are observed. Kind of hypoglycaemic treatment has only slight influence on the mineral metabolism.
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PMID:[Bone complication in diabetic subjects with good metabolic control and without any late complications: selected problems. Part I: calcium, phosphorus and magnesium metabolism]. 1160 76


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