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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Castrate female rats given weekly applications of DMBA to the genital tract and treated additionally with growth hormone, insulin or alloxan (to induce diabetes) are heavier and have more sarcomatous and epithelial cervico-vaginal neoplasms than intact animals under the same experimental conditions. Promotion of carcinogenesis and gain in body weight are independent phenomena caused by castration in the medicated rats. Growth hormone is most effective in enhancing body weight in all animals, but least as regards tumour formation. It reduces the incidence of sarcomas in intacts, but raises that of epithelial neoplasms, and promotes both types of neoplasms in castrates. The highest incidence of cervico-vaginal epithelial and sarcomatous tumours occurs in spayed diabetics.Squamous celled epitheliomas of the vulva are not affected by castration or additional medication, while basal celled neoplasms tend to be more frequent in intacts than in castrates and particularly numerous in intact failed diabetics. Vulval sarcomas are usually rare but are increased in numbers in diabetic and in insulin treated intacts.Granular myoblastomas of the cervico-vaginal tract occur in intacts only and particularly in diabetics and those medicated with growth hormone or insulin.
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PMID:The effect of growth hormone, insulin and alloxan-induced diabetes on carcinogenesis in the genital tract of intact and castrate female rats. 433 34

Growth hormone release inhibiting hormone (GH-RIH) was infused at a rate of 1.3 mug/min for 28 hours into four patients with acromegaly, two of whom also had clinical diabetes mellitus. Growth hormone and glucagon were suppressed throughout the infusion though delayed secretion of insulin occurred in association with both meals and an oral glucose load. Glucose tolerance was improved in one diabetic patient who was taking chlorpropamide while the other required much less insulin than usual. Secretion of endogenous thyroid-stimulating hormone was lowered in one euthyroid patient on carbimazole. Luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, ACTH, and prolactin were not affected. Serum somatomedin levels were reduced in one patient. There was a rapid rebound of all the suppressed hormones when the infusions stopped. Longer-acting analogues of GH-RIH will be needed before long-term therapy of acromegaly or diabetes mellitus becomes possible, but such preparations should be available soon for clinical trial.
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PMID:Long-term infusion of growth hormone release inhibiting hormone in acromegaly: effects on pituitary and pancreatic hormones. 437 89

A polypeptide isolated by the hydrolysis of growth hormone, studied in five patients with diabetes mellitus, has been shown able to produce hypoglycaemia, presumably by modifying the anti-insulin action of pituitary growth hormone. Possibly this substance may be suitable for treating cases of insulin resistance or when a circulating inhibitor of glucose uptake is present.
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PMID:Pituitary polypeptide with hypoglycaemic action in diabetes mellitus. 577 38

Adrenal cortical response in acute medical illness has been studied by measuring the plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroid (11-OHCS) concentration in 178 patients. Those with unbalanced diabetes, acute infections, and severe myocardial infarction had high levels. The results obtained suggest that in a patient with a severe infection and hypotension a plasma 11-OHCS level of less than 15 mug./100 ml. indicates an inadequate adrenal cortical response, and one patient with septicaemia and temporary adrenal cortical insufficiency is described. Growth hormone levels were increased in patients with severe diabetic ketosis but not in those with hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma.
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PMID:Plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroid and growth hormone levels in acute medical illnesses. 579 69

The effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on pituitary growth hormone (GH) content and release from incubated pituitaries were investigated. Male rats were made diabetic by a single injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 days later. Pituitary GH concentration was significantly reduced in streptozotocin diabetic rats as compared to that observed in control animals. The amount of GH released from hemipituitaries was also lower in diabetic rats than in controls. Kinetic characteristics of somatostatin (SRIF) inhibition of GH release were not affected by the treatment. These results suggest that the decrease in plasma GH observed by some investigators in streptozotocin diabetic rats is probably due to a deficiency in GH storage and/or synthesis rather than a change in the responsiveness of pituitary GH cells to SRIF.
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PMID:Influence of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on growth hormone secretion in the rat. 613 72

To assess the role of insulin resistance and insulin deficiency in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 13 patients with and 12 patients without retinopathy were studied. The glucose clamp technique was used to measure insulin resistance and insulin response to glucose. During the euglycemic clamp, at comparable steady-state levels of glucose and insulin, the mean glucose infusion rate, which indicates the rate of glucose utilization, was lower in the retinopathy group than in the nonretinopathy group (6.1 +/- 0.5 versus 8.1 +/- 0.7 mg . kg-1 . min-1, P less than 0.02). Growth hormone (GH) concentrations were higher in the retinopathy group 8.4 +/- 2.5 versus 2.5 +/- 0.7 microIU/ml, P less than 0.05), but they did not correlate significantly with insulin resistance, expressed as mean glucose turnover. During the hyperglycemic clamp (+7 mmol/L above the fasting plasma glucose), the insulin response in the two groups of diabetics was similar. Increased insulin resistance represents an additional factor, which together with other factors, may be important in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular complications.
Diabetes 1983 Jan
PMID:Insulin resistance and insulin deficiency in diabetic retinopathy of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. 633 6

In insulin-dependent diabetics, insulin requirements increase significantly after 0600 h, resulting in prebreakfast hyperglycemia with either conventional insulin therapy or constant insulin infusions with insulin infusion devices. In order to clarify the role of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis and further examine the mechanisms of the phenomenon of nocturnal variability in insulin requirements, we studied five IDDs using a closed-loop insulin infusion device (Biostator, GCIIS). The subjects were given saline (SAL) or dexamethasone (DEX) i.v. from 1800 to 0900 h on successive nights. From 2400-0300 to 0600-0900 h, mean insulin infusion rates required to maintain blood glucose values between 109 and 120 mg/dl increased by 0.21 +/- 0.05 mU/kg/min during the SAL infusion, and 0.16 +/- 0.04 mU/kg/min during the DEX infusion, when plasma cortisols were suppressed to less than or equal to 2 micrograms/dl. Mean free insulin concentrations did not increase and remained constant throughout both study nights in spite of the significantly higher 0600-0900-h insulin infusion rates. Growth hormone, glucagon, epinephrine, and norepinephrine concentrations showed normal nocturnal and early morning patterns during both study nights. We conclude that the nocturnal variability in insulin requirements persists despite suppression of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis, and that increased free insulin clearance or degradation may contribute to the "dawn phenomenon" of rising prebreakfast glucose despite constant insulin infusion.
Diabetes 1983 May
PMID:Examination of the role of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis, counterregulatory hormones, and insulin clearance in variable nocturnal insulin requirements in insulin-dependent diabetes. 634 Nov 22

We have evaluated the endocrine changes in 10 male subjects with hemochromatosis. Two subjects initially had aplastic anemia, and the remainder had idiopathic hemochromatosis. Four of the ten patients had diabetes mellitus. Sexual dysfunction (impotence and/or decreased libido) was observed in 8 subjects. Six patients had subnormal testosterone levels; FSH levels were almost uniformly low, but LH concentrations were more variable. Only three patients had normal testosterone responses to hCG. Hypothyroidism, free T4 less than 0.9 ng/dl, was present in 4 subjects, and the etiology was heterogeneous. Basal prolactin levels were elevated in 2 patients and failed to respond adequately to TRH in 2 other patients. Growth hormone reserve was normal in all but 1 patient, and pituitary-adrenal reserve was normal in all but 1 patient. We conclude that disturbances in both pituitary and end-organ function are observed in hemochromatosis. These central and end-organ defects may exist alone or simultaneously. Hypogonadism is almost universal, and is a consequence of defective function of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and/or primary Leydig cell disturbance. Other evidence of pituitary disturbance are observed but are rather uncommon.
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PMID:The endocrine manifestations of hemochromatosis. 634 90

Elevated plasma concentrations of growth hormone impair glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues. To study the effect of short-term exposure to growth hormone concentrations elevated into the upper physiologic range (7-10 ng/ml) on splanchnic carbohydrate metabolism, both splanchnic glucose output (SGO) and substrate exchange after ingestion of a 75-g glucose load were determined by means of the liver vein catheter technique in six healthy volunteers after growth hormone administration. Growth hormone was infused at a rate of 2 micrograms/kg X h starting 120 min before and continuing for 150 min following the glucose load. Control studies without growth hormone administration were performed in seven subjects. SGO was 104 +/- 10 (SEM) mg/min in the postabsorptive state and increased to 43.4 +/- 2.2 g during the 150-min period following glucose ingestion. Growth hormone infusion did not alter basal SGO (130 +/- 14 mg/min), nor the splanchnic exchange of lactate, pyruvate, and free fatty acids, whereas basal production of beta-OH-butyrate was increased twofold; following glucose ingestion a higher proportion of the given glucose load escaped the splanchnic bed after growth hormone exposure (66.9 +/- 6.8 g/150 min; P less than 0.005). The insulin production rate (basal 14 +/- 2 mU/min; following oral glucose 7.0 +/- 0.8 U/150 min) as calculated from C-peptide release from the splanchnic area was unaltered by growth hormone exposure in the basal state (14 +/- 3 mU/min), but augmented after glucose ingestion (14.8 +/- 1.5 U/150 min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes 1984 Jan
PMID:The effect of growth hormone on splanchnic glucose and substrate metabolism following oral glucose loading in healthy man. 636 Jul 65

In two girls (14 and 16 years) and one boy (19 years) with PLW-syndrome and pronounced obesity (240, 210 and 77% overweight) endocrine function tests were carried out. Growth hormone secretion was decreased but normalized after reduction of weight. Thyroxin levels as well as basal and TRH stimulated TSH concentrations were normal. HCG application in the boy induced no rise of the normal basal testosterone levels. Oral glucose tolerance test demonstrated an increased stimulation of insulin in two cases, no other symptoms of diabetes mellitus were found. In the LHRH test an insufficient rise of gonadotropins was found. However, after two weeks of pernasal application of an LHRH analogue (D-Leu6-des-Gly10-EA) the gonadotropin stimulation was distinctly improved and onset of puberty was induced in the male patient. These results are indicative of a hypothalamic disturbance in patients with PLW-syndrome.
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PMID:[Endocrine studies on the Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome: puberty induction in a 19-year-old boy after long-term treatment with an LHRH analog]. 641 33


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