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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The distribution of obese patients without diabetes based on the results of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) made it possible to define 2 groups of patients: with normal (the 1st group) and disturbed (the 2nd group) OGTT. A moderate increase in the levels of insulin and C-peptide after GTT and almost unchanged sensitivity to insulin were observed in the 1st group. A considerable increase in the levels of insulin and C-peptide after glucose intake and a considerable decrease in the sensitivity to insulin were observed in the 2nd group. In obese patients with diabetes mellitus the levels of insulin and C-peptide after the GTT were significantly lower than those in the 1st and 2nd groups. A conclusion has been made that whereas certain stages of pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus in obesity are associated with hyperinsulinemia and GTT disorder, obvious diabetes mellitus is characterized by a decrease in secretory potentialities of the insular apparatus in parallel with glucose intolerance.
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PMID:[Pathogenetic relationship between insulin resistance, insulin secretion and impaired glucose tolerance in patients with obesity]. 329 29

A random sample of men (319) aged 20 to 59 was examined in one of the administrative districts in Moscow. A study was made of the blood plasma content of HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol, triglycerides with relation to insulinemia and glycemia both on an empty stomach and during the GTT. An analysis of the data obtained led to a conclusion that the level of insulinemia was a factor influencing the level of HDL2 and HDL3. Derangements in the metabolism of the above lipoproteins were likely to be associated with a high risk of CHD development especially among patients with diabetes mellitus. Therapeutic measures aimed at insulin secretion reduction were recommended for the normalization of lipid metabolism including the content of HDL2 and HDL3.
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PMID:[Indices of carbohydrate metabolism and levels of HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol in the blood plasma of males]. 332 Oct 31

An original method was used for a study of blood insulinase activity in patients with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus which was decreased as compared to that in healthy persons and in persons with disturbed glucose tolerance. A GTT caused no significant variations of this index. Relations between lowered blood capability to degenerate insulin in diabetes mellitus and a rise of antiinsulinase activity of the plasma with preserved normal insulinase activity of erythrocytic hemolysate were established.
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PMID:[Blood insulinase activity in patients with diabetes mellitus]. 332 77

Examination of 13 untreated patients with Itsenko--Cushing disease and syndrome showed an increase in total Ig as well as IgA, IgM and IgG, a decrease in the number of O-cells, and the absence of significant change in in the blood content of T-lymphocytes. A decrease in the amount of B-lymphocytes was noted in this group of patients with GTT of diabetic type or mild diabetes mellitus. Repeated examination of 7 of these patients 1-1.5 mos. after the resection of one adrenal gland showed that the content of O-cells had returned to normal, tension of the system of humoral immunity was on a decrease and combined with a decrease in the excretion of 17-OCS fractions though they were still above normal. Hyperlymphocytosis with a high level of T- and B-lymphocytes and the normal content of O-cells was noted in 11 patients after bilateral adrenalectomy for Itsenko--Cushing disease receiving maintenance doses of cortisone.
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PMID:[Immunologic indices in Itsenko-Cushing disease and syndrome]. 342 33

The paper is concerned with an analysis of examination of 414 relatives of the 1st-3rd degree of relationship in 230 families of probands with diabetes mellitus of different types. The frequency of detection of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) among relatives of the 1st degree of relationship in the families of IDDM probands was 1.0 +/- 5.8%. Patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were not detected in these families. The frequency of NIDDM detectability among relatives of the 1st-3rd degree of relationship in the families of NIDDM probands was 38.2-2.5%. IIDM was most common in relatives of the 1st degree of relationship, particularly in women aged 50 to 60 suffering from obesity. A follow-up of relatives with disturbed GTT in the families of NIDDM probands revealed NIDDM in 30% and regression up to normal GTT in 50%.
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PMID:[Detection of hereditary forms of diabetes mellitus based on catamnestic data gathered over a period of many years]. 342 41

A review of 185 obstetrical patients, having a family history of diabetes mellitus without medical history of glucose intolerance in the non-pregnant state was conducted. A 3-hour 100-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed on all patients between 20 and 34 weeks of gestation. According to O'Sullivan's criteria for glucose tolerance testing, normal glucose tolerance occurred in 89.7%, while Class A diabetes was identified in 10.3% of patients tested. 3.8% of the study population fulfilled the O'Sullivan criteria for abnormal glucose intolerance and required insulin treatment during pregnancy. The Division of Perinatal Medicine at Duke University has traditionally defined the abnormal glucose tolerance test at glucose values lower than O'Sullivan's internationally accepted criteria. An intermediate group, having abnormal glucose values according to the Duke criteria, was classified as "Carbohydrate Intolerance", comprised 32.4% of the patients tested and were managed identically to O'Sullivan Class A Diabetes. Analysis or perinatal outcome, including macrosomia, birth trauma and neonatal morbidity, revealed that Carbohydrate Intolerance patients fulfilling O'Sullivan criteria, being similar to patients with 'normal' GTT test results. Patients having a family history of diabetes mellitus, appeared as a group to be at increased risk for macrosomia, fetal distress and cesarean delivery, compared with the general population.
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PMID:Family history of diabetes mellitus and oral glucose tolerance testing criteria. 342 51

The time course of the concentration of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and C-peptide in the plasma and erythrocytes and the blood sugar level in GTT per os were investigated. Altogether 73 healthy persons and 52 patients with a severe form of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were examined. To define the time course of changes in the concentration of the above values a rate gradient determined as a difference of changed concentration rate for the 1st and 2nd hour after load for each examined person, was proposed. The most significant differences in the healthy persons and patients were noted in the plasma IRI basal level and blood sugar basal levels. The rate gradient defined most completely the time course of carbohydrate metabolism. The gradients C-peptide had maximum difference in healthy persons and patients. The hormone and blood sugar levels characterized the condition of the examined persons, and rate gradients were indicative of the state of the blood sugar regulation system.
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PMID:[Complex evaluation of pancreatic function in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. 351 Mar 56

A study was made of the time course of development of alloxan diabetes in mature male Wistar and random bred rats for a quantitative analysis of responses to the administration of a diabetogenic dose of the drug. Proceeding from the animals' death, a decrease in body mass, water consumption, the blood level of glucose and GTT results in the animals were divided into 3 groups depending on the gravity of alloxan diabetes. In Wistar rats acute, obvious and latent types of diabetes developed in 35, 35, and 30% respectively. Rats with obvious diabetes were characterized by a significant decrease in the IRI level in the plasma 3-8 weeks after drug administration. In rats with latent diabetes the IRI level in the plasma on the 3rd week showed a tendency to a decrease and exceeded control values in 8 weeks. In random bred rats acute, obvious and latent types of diabetes were noted in 76, 12, and 12% respectively. The results have shown that the division of animals into the groups with a different degree of gravity of alloxan diabetes can express quantitative assessment of the sensitivity of a population in question to the diabetogenic action of alloxan.
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PMID:[Quantitative evaluation of the sensitivity of experimental animals to the diabetogenic effect of alloxan]. 365 53

Secrepan (Eisai Co. Tokyo, Japan) was administered to 9 healthy volunteers and 36 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) to clarify the effect of secretin on the pancreatic B-cell, by determining the changes in blood of insulin (IRI). Whereas IRI in healthy subjects showed a monophasic change, reaching a peak (delta IRI = 43 +/- 7.3 microunits/ml, M +/- SE) 5 min after secretin loading and returning to the basal level in 15 min, NIDDM patients on diet therapy (delta IRI = 40.2 +/- 7.6 microunits/ml) showed no significant difference from the control group, but NIDDM patients on sulfonylurea (SU) (15.5 +/- 2.4 microunits/ml) and those on insulin therapy (5.3 +/- 1.4 microunits/ml), both showed a significant depression in responsiveness. Further, the changes in insulin secretion after atropine administration in healthy subjects and the changes in IRI response to Secrepan in vagotomized patients were also determined. As a result, data which preclude the possibility of association of the vagus nerve and cholinergic nerve with the stimulation of insulin secretion by secretin were obtained, and a direct action of secretin on the cell of islets of Langerhans was suggested. The maximum IRI response after a secretin load had a significant positive correlation with the IRI response after a 75-gm GTT and the content of C-peptide immunoreactivity in 24-hour urine. Therefore, insulin response to a secretin load can be useful in assessing endogenous insulin secretion and provides a pertinent clinical guide for the selection of an appropriate therapy for diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Changes in insulin secretion after secretin administration and the implications in diabetes mellitus. 391 Apr 11

A total of 494 persons with normal and borderline types of glucose tolerance (GTT) with relation to diabetes mellitus were examined to analyse dependence of the frequency of the diabetic type of the prednisolone-glucose tolerance test (PGTT) on the presence and combination of the following risk factors: heredity aggravated by diabetes mellitus, excess body mass and the presence of disturbed glucose tolerance of the borderline type in the age aspect. A significant rise of the frequency of the diabetic type PGTT in the presence of the borderline type GTT or obesity and the absence of influence of heredity aggravated by diabetes mellitus was established in persons under and over 40 as compared to the control group. An increase in the number of risk factors (2-3) brought about significant rise of the frequency of the diabetic type PGTT in both age groups. A significant rise of the frequency of the diabetic type PGTT was noted in persons aged 40 and older as compared to the group aged under 40 with obesity combined with the borderline type GTT. For early detection of disturbed glucose tolerance the PGTT is recommended to persons with heredity aggravated by diabetes mellitus, obesity and the borderline type GTT and their combination, particularly in advanced age groups. Therapeutic measures are recommended to persons with the diabetic type PGTT.
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PMID:[Importance of a number of risk factors and their combination in detecting diabetes with the prednisolone and glucose test]. 395 78


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