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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The paper describes two-staged examination of population to detect diabetes mellitus using computerized methods and modern methods based on control theory. The authors present the results of screening population in one of the Moscow districts using a standard GTT with a logic decision rule to identify groups at high risk of developing diabetes mellitus. The efficacy of the rule and its use under actual conditions of limited resources were considered.
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PMID:[Use of logical decision rules during screening in order to identify groups at risk for diabetes mellitus]. 194 82

Insulin resistance exists in 0.1% of diabetics having insulin treatment. In addition to diabetics, insulin resistance can also be seen in association with acanthosis nigricans. Both conditions become a syndrome that may happen in a family. This is a report of two siblings, a brother and a sister, 14 and 10 years of age, whose parents are cousins, who suffered from diabetes mellitus, acanthosis nigricans, and growth retardation. The insulin therapy until 54 units per day given to the boy and 174 units per day to the girl, did not give response to the plasma glucose level. Plasma C-peptide and prolactin values of the girl were normal. The plasma fasting insulin level of both was high. Measurement of insulin binding to erythrocytes and monocytes was not performed. The GTT observations of their parents did not represent glucose intolerance.
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PMID:Familial insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans. 207 24

Investigations of lipid metabolism in patients with disturbed GTT and manifest diabetes mellitus revealed in most cases dyslipidemia, decreasing significantly in the time course of therapy. The results of the investigations showed that the blood levels of cholesterol (CS), beta-lipoproteins, total lipids (TL) and free fatty acids (FFA) in patients with disturbed GTT were significantly increased as compared to healthy persons. In patients with DM of type I, CS, beta-lipoproteins, TL and FFA were significantly lowered after achieving compensation, and in patients with type II DM the above indices except CS and alpha-CS were also lowered. The detected lipid metabolic derangements were noted at the preclinical stage, i.e. in persons with disturbed GTT and were preserved at the stage of manifest forms of DM, necessitating adequate therapy.
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PMID:[The blood serum lipid spectrum in diabetes mellitus]. 208 Jan 39

During the period from 1974 through 1988, we annually examined approximately 225,000 to 386,400 school children residing in Tokyo for glycosuria to detect juvenile diabetes. If the first test was positive for glucose, glycosuria was confirmed by a second test. In children who gave a positive result in both the first and second tests 0-GTT were performed. All 124 patients were diagnosed as NIDDM according to the criteria of the WHO Report on Diabetes of 1985. The incidence of NIDDM in children in Japan has increased in recent years and from 1984 to 1986 was approximately 3.8 per 100,000 per year. The frequency of NIDDM increases with age up to 14 years. In about 84% of cases, the body weight at diagnosis is more than 20% above the ideal weight and the height is often above average. There is a high frequency in families with a history of diabetes. Diet and exercise therapy in newly diagnosed patients irrespective of the presence or absence of obesity may result in remission, but some cases may require insulin therapy or oral administration of a hypoglycemic drug to obtain a better glycemic control. Children with NIDDM are more likely to be complicated by incipient retinopathy within two years after diagnosis than those with IDDM. Therefore, it is important to keep strict glycemic control to prevent diabetic complications in NIDDM children just as in juvenile onset IDDM.
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PMID:Descriptive epidemiology of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus detected by urine glucose screening in school children in Japan. 208 75

We performed an oral glucose tolerance test and measured serum insulin levels in 38 patients with chronic alcoholic liver damage. A diabetic curve was obtained in 34% of subjects both obese and non obese. Insulin levels were elevated in comparison with normal subjects in all patients. The Turner index [(serum insulin x 100)/(blood sugar--30]) was lower than normal at all points of the GTT, suggesting a decreased insulin secretion in relation to serum glucose level. Blood glucose level at 120 min was correlated to age, serum bilirubin and prothrombin time. Thus, chronic liver damage is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus. The alteration of carbohydrate metabolism is correlated to the severity of liver disfunction. The initial pathogenic factor may be hyperinsulinism and resistance to insulin, followed by decreased secretion of the hormone.
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PMID:[Diabetes mellitus in chronic alcoholic liver damage]. 213 27

Sixty-four offspring of conjugal diabetic parents (OCDP) who were normoglycaemic initially were available for a retest after a period of 4-9 years. Among them 10 (15.6%) had developed diabetes, 19 (29.7%) had developed IGT and the remaining 35 (54.7%) had maintained normal GTT. The predictive value of the baseline (initial) parameters was tested. Among the non-obese OCDP (BMI less than 25 and less than 27 for women and men, respectively), the initial sum of plasma glucose (sigma PG), and the mean increment of insulin during GTT (delta IRI), and the 2-h IRI values were higher in the group that developed abnormal glucose tolerance (P less than 0.05 compared to controls and normal OCDP). They also had higher insulin:glucose ratios, indicating higher insulin output for a given glucose concentration. On the other hand, among the obese OCDP the initial parameters did not differ between those who developed abnormal glucose tolerance and those who did not. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the baseline sigma plasma glucose value was significantly related to the final 2-h plasma glucose when all the OCDP were taken together (P = 0.0023) and also in the non-obese OCDP (P = 0.0002). The other parameter which showed a relation to the final 2-h plasma glucose was the baseline delta IRI, although it was not statistically significant (P = 0.08). No such relation was observed in the obese group.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1990 Mar
PMID:Development of carbohydrate intolerance in offspring of Asian Indian conjugal type 2 diabetic parents. 218 63

A total of 15 families were investigated: probands with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and their relatives of the 1st degree of progeny (43 persons) in order to study the distribution of HLA antigens and their interrelationship with the gravity of a course of diabetes mellitus and the type of GTT. Antigens DR3 and/or DR4 were revealed in 93% of probands, especially in heterozygous patients (57.1%). A low level of C-peptide (0.21 +/- 0.03 ng/ml) was noted in most of the probands excluding 3 patients with nephropathy. Distinct relationship of antigens DR3 and DR4 with a clinical course of disease and its severity was undetectable. Antigens DR3 or/and DR4 were detected in 96% of the relatives with the prevalence of antigen DR4 (in 54.2%). During GTT normal tolerance was observed in 82.1% (23 persons), disorders were noted in 4, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus--in one. Most of the relatives (82.6%) with normal glucose tolerance had antigens DR3 and/or DR4. Irrespective of the type of DR antigens the probands' relatives were characterized by moderate hyperinsulinism (by the results of IRI and C-peptide of blood serum).
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PMID:[An analysis of the interrelationship of the HLA genotype and carbohydrate metabolism in the families of probands with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. 220 51

The epidemiological study in low socioeconomic area of Bangkok, Klong Toey slum residents (n = 976) and apartment house residents (n = 906) of both sexes revealed the prevalence rates of overweight of 25.5% and 30.5%, obesity 10% and 11.1%; hypertension 17.3%; and 14%; diabetes 4.5% and 5.9%; IGT 6.1% and 4.4%; total abnormal GTT 10.6% and 10.3%; hypercholesterolemia 14.1% and 12%; hypertriglyceridemia 24.8% and 22.7%; low HDL-C 3.1% and 1.8%; hyperuricemia 7.7% and 10.4% respectively. The prevalence rates of the related diseases and conditions were increased when BMI was over 25 in both populations except for those with abnormal GTT and hyperuricemia in the slum residents. Concerning risk factors, discriminant analysis disclosed diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and atherogenic index as the first two factors significantly associated with overweight and obesity (BMI greater than 25) in both populations. Restructuring of the health service delivery system and care-taker re-educating together with production of meaningful mass communication media are needed for promotion of health care, prevention of these non-communicable diseases and their sequelae by non-pharmacological approach.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1990
PMID:The prevalence of obesity, risk factors and associated diseases in Klong Toey slum and Klong Toey government apartment houses. 228 56

HLA antigens (A, B, DR) of the tissues of 171 patients with different types of diabetes mellitus were investigated. Controls were 1867 healthy Leningrad residents (control I), not investigated with the GTT, and 38 pregnant women with the unchanged GTT during pregnancy (control II). Some features of the frequency of occurrence of individual antigens and their interlocular (HLA A, B) combinations in type I and type II diabetes mellitus and diabetes of pregnant women were established. The risk of diabetes mellitus, type I, development was shown to be on the increase in the presence of HLA DR4 in the phenotype and considerably on the decrease in the presence of HLA B17. The results point out to the genetic heterogeneity of different types of diabetes mellitus. The authors think it possible to use HLA typing for the diagnosis of type I diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[Antigens of the HLA system in different types of diabetes mellitus]. 233 Mar 58

A pyruvate test for glucose tolerance was used during prophylactic medical examination of 47 students and 27 children without risk factors, 54 students with risk factors, 31 patients with type I diabetes mellitus and 220 construction workers in order to test a new methodological basis for the strategy of primary prevention of diabetes mellitus. The investigations showed the presence in a general population of 3-modal distribution of a variant of the capillary blood pyruvate level on the 120th min. of a GTT according to physiological glucose tolerance, potential (prediabetic) and actual (diabetic) carbohydrate metabolic derangements. A high informative value of the pyruvate test for glucose tolerance makes this method appropriate for identification of persons, genetically predisposed to the development of diabetes mellitus, for implementation of a population strategy of prevention of this disease as well as strategy of prevention of diabetes among persons with risk factors.
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PMID:[The implementation of a strategy for the primary prevention of diabetes mellitus]. 258 25


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