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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Endogenous insulin secretion after different stimuli was determined in insulin requiring diabetics without circulating insulin antibodies. Four groups of non-obese diabetics were investigated and compared with 111 controls. Group I: 14 patients with mild diabetes, not yet requiring insulin; diagnosis before the age of 30 years. Group II: 19 ketonuric patients just before being started on insulin treatment. Group III: 18 patients during remission after an average of 16.5 months' insulin treatment. Group IV: 13 patients with no remission period or relapse after an average of 19.5 months on insulin treatment. Blood glucose and immunoreactive insulin were measured during fasting and after iv secretin, iv tolbutamide, iv GTT, and oral GTT, followed by combined iv tolbutamide and glucagon stimulation. A considerable insulin secretion could be demonstrated in group I, whereas in group II only a very low insulin peak was obtained after secretin and the combined injection of glucagon and tolbutamide. In group III considerable insulin secretion was demonstrated, whereas in group IV only a very low insulin peak was obtained. A significant correlation between the degree of metabolic control and endogenous insulin secretion was found.
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PMID:Insulin secretion in insulin-requiring diabetics before and during insulin treatment. 57 40

A longitudinal study of thirteen rats with transient and intermittent episodes of glycosuria was undertaken, to further characterize the "BB" diabetic syndrome. "Chemical diabetes" (normal fasting glycemia, abnormal GTT) was observed in five rats, accompanied by the same dramatic insulitis previously reported in this syndrome, in two of the three pancreases examined. Progression from "chemical" to overt diabetes occurred in one of these rats. Two other patterns of presentation were observed. Periods of complete remission occurred in four rats with diabetes considered sufficiently severe to warrant previous treatment with insulin. Four additional rats with previous glycosuria (untreated) showed no abnormalities on followup. It is not known whether hyperglycemia accompanied the glycosuria in these rats, and renal glycosuria has not been excluded. Thus, the "BB" diabetic syndrome exists in not only the overt and "chemical" forms, but may also present with transient glycosuria, followed by a variety of subsequent progressions.
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PMID:The spontaneously diabetic Wistar rat (the "BB" rat): the significance of transient glycosuria. 72 91

On the basis of instrumental and biochemical study of 186 relatives suffering from diabetes mellitus it was revealed that the diabetic type of sugar curve was encountered in 17.2% of cases, doubltful--in 15.6%; at the same time there was revealed an increase in the immunoreactive insulin level both on fasting stomach and after the glucose load, and a distrubance of fat-lipoid metabolism. Functional changes in the vessels of different calibre independent of the GTT character, accompanied by a reduction of vascular permeability and tissue circulation were revealed in some of the persons examined.
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PMID:[Certain metabolic and vascular changes in the relatives of patients with diabetes mellitus]. 79 82

Plasma glucose, insulin and triglyceride changes in response to a standard breakfast and an oral glucose tolerance test have been studied in normal, obese and diabetic subjects. Mild diabetics with an abnormal oral glucose tolerance test may have normal or near-normal incremental glucose responses to a standard breakfast. A raised fasting plasma glucose is the predominant day-to-day glucose abnormality of mild diabetes. Diabetics have decreased insulin responses to oral glucose compared with the meal, and the deficient insulin response to glucose probably accounts for both the raised fasting plasma glucose levels and the abnormal oral GTT. The initial insulin response to a meal is normal in mild diabetics, and is probably stimulated by secretogogues other than glucose. The oral glucose tolerance test is apposite for the diagnosis of diabetes in view of the impaired insulin response to glucose, but accurate measurement of the basal plasma glucose may be of equal value. The diabetic and obese subjects had normal triglyceride levels, and there was no detectable impairment of disposal of the exogenous triglyceride following the breakfast.
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PMID:Fasting hyperglycaemia and relatively unimpaired meal responses in mild diabetes. 86 4

The in vivo and in vitro effects of PGA1 on glucose utilization were investigated in normal rats and in rats with alloxan-diabetes (50 mg/kg i.v. administered 48 hrs before experiment). The animals were divided into two groups. The first group -- which included both normal and diabetic animals -- was submitted to an IVGIT after a 12-h fast and during a sodium chloride infusion. In the second group -- which equally included normal and diabetic rats -- the same GTT was performed during a sodium chloride infusion in which PGA1 had been diluted, so that a dose of 0.5 g/kg/min was administered. This dose is devoid of any effect on cardiovascular activity. For in vitro experiments, glucose utilization was studied in the rat diaphragm incubated with insulin (200 muU/ml) and PGA1 (10 and 100 ng): results demonstrated that PGA1 enhances the insulin effect on glucose utilization and the enhancement is dose-dependent. The same results were observed also in the in vivo experiments: in normal rats PGA1 really improves glucose utilization without any interference with insulin secretion from B-cells. On the other hand, PGA1 has no effect on this utilization in diabetic rats. From our experiments it can therefore be concluded that PGA1 improves glucose utilization, showing a synergic action with the increased quantity of insulin secreted in response to a glucose load. No effect is noted when insulin secretion from B-cells is reduced or absent.
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PMID:In vivo and in vitro experiments on relationships between PGA1 and glucose utilization. 97 68

In many population and screening studies of diabetes, the one-hour glucose level of the GTT has been used to define the diabetic status of subjects. The one-hour postglucose load determination has been preferred over the two-hour value by many investigators primarily because of convenience and justified on the basis of the high correlation between the two values. Venous plasma glucose levels, one and two hours after 75-gm. carbohydrate load, were determined on over 1600 Pima Indians. In most sex and age groups, the frequency distributions of both the one-hour and two-hour glucose levels were clearly bimodal. By the logarithms of the glucose values these distributions were consistent with a model of two overlapping Gaussian distributions. The data indicate that for the Pima the amount of overlap of the distributions was greater for the one-hour than for the two-hour values. For each sex and decade the probabilities of misclassification of a normal as "hyperglycemic" and vice versa were smaller for the two-hour than for the one-hour values. Such misclassifications for the two-hour levels averaged 6.6 per cent and 11.6 per cent for the one-hour levels. The reproducivility of the GTT taken one to three weeks apart in a sample of ninety-nine Pima Indians showed that the two-hour level was superior to the one-hour level as measured by the mean values of the absolute difference between log GTT levels for test and retest values. The one-hour measurements also gave more disagreements between the classifications of diabetic status than the two-hour test values. If a single measure of glucose tolerance is to be selected for the diagnosis of diabetes among Pima Indians, these data provide a mathematical rationale for preferring the two-hour level to the one-hour determination.
Diabetes 1975 Jun
PMID:Comparison of the value of the two- and one-hour glucose levels of the oral GTT in the diagnosis of diabetes in Pima Indians. 114 May 11

The effect of cyproheptadine (Cypro) and Placebo administration on insulin secretion and glucose utilization following i.v. glucose (IVGTT) was evaluated in 8 normal, 7 diabetic and 8 acromegalic subjects. Five of the diabetic subjects had overt diabetes and two of the diabetic subjects had "chemical" diabetes (oral GTT). One of the acromegalic subjects had overt diabetes, while one had borderline glucose tolerance and six had normal glucose tolerance (oral GTT). Cypro increased insulin secretion in the acromegalic but not in the diabetic or normal subjects. Methysergide (Methyl) increased insulin secretion in acromegalic and diabetic subjects but not in normal subjects. Methy and Cypro both increased insulin secretion in the same acromegalic subjects. None of the three groups of subjects had a modification in insulin secretion following Placebo administration. Neither Placebo, Cypro or Methy altered the glucose utilization rate contant (KG). There was no change in insulin half life or tissue sensitivity to insulin from Cypro (normal and acromegalic subjects) or Methy (normal subjects) administration. Despite their increase in insulin secretion in response to serotonin antagonists, acromegalic subjects have normal urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion and normal serum serotonin concentrations. Their response cannot therefore be attributed to a generalized overproduction of serotonin.
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PMID:Effect of cyproheptadine administration on insulin secretion in acromegalic, diabetic and normal subjects. 115 Jan 28

Plasma glucagon response to an arginine infusion was studied in children and adolescents belonging to the following groups: (I) twenty-two controls; (II) six subjects with delayed insulin peak during oral GTT; (III) ten diabetics on diet and/or oral therapy; (IV) six newly diagnosed uncompensated diabetics; and (V) eight diabetics on insulin therapy. The fasting glucagon concentrations and rise of glucagon in response to arginine in the patients of Groups II, III and V were similar to those of the controls (Group I). The basal levels and rise of glucagon in the newly diagnosed, uncompensated dibetic children (Group IV) was elevated compared to the other groups but the difference was statistically not significant. The results of this investigation favour the hypothesis that the hyperglucagonaemia in diabetes is a secondary effect to the metabolic derangement, bearing a direct relationship to the degree of homeostastic decompensation.
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PMID:Plasma glucagon response to arginine infusion in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus. 117 10

The present study deals with possible connections between the schizophrenic syndrome and alterations of the glucose-insulin metabolism. Data have been obtained in 18 patients, 9 males and 9 females, aged 22-62 years, suffering from chronic schizophrenia of 5-29 years duration. The patients were treated with Haloperidol for 30 days, 6 mg, i.m.p.d. to a total dose of 180 mg. The glucose metabolism was examined through a GTT (with a glucose load of 100 gr. per os), and an Insulin Tolerance Test (with 0.1 U/kg body weight). The insulin levels were examined under glucose load by the radioimmunological assay of Hales and Randle. The glycemic levels were examined under glucose load by an oxidative method. The psychopathological features were controlled by a Wittenborn Rating Scale. The metabolic and psychological examinations were done twice before the beginning of therapy, at 46 hrs. interval, then at 10-20-30 days of therapy. The results are probative for the presence of a chemical diabetes in a significantly high percent of patients. The significance of possible neurotransmitter impairments acting at both the biochemical and psychological levels is discussed.
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PMID:Glucose-insulin metabolism in chronic schizophrenia. 124 44

Three diabetes surveys carried out at two yearly intervals on 10000 men aged 40 years and over have enabled us to compare four groups of subjects with regard to their serum uric acid level in relation to carbohydrate metabolism. Prediabetics, that is, persons who screened negative at previous surveys and subsequently developed diabetes, had a higher mean uric acid level than normals (p less than 0.001). Their uric acid level was considerably higher than in diabetics, who had a mean value lower than normals (up to p less than 0.001). Men, without diabetes, but having an abnormal GTT were found to have a mean value higher than the normals at each survey.
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PMID:Diabetes, prediabetes and uricaemia. 125 15


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