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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To examine whether the presence of thyrogastric autoantibodies is associated with an increased susceptibility towards developing type 1 diabetes we have tested for thyroid (microsomal and thyroglobulin) and gastric-parietal cell antibodies in 86 pairs of identical twins, 47 discordant and 39 concordant for type 1 diabetes. Autoantibodies were detected in both twins of a pair in 35 and in neither twin in 45 pairs. In only 6 pairs (3 discordant) was there a discrepancy in the antibody results between co-twins. The frequency of antibodies was similar in twin pairs discordant, (21/44, 48%), and concordant, (14/36, 39%), for diabetes. Thyrogastric antibodies were not more frequent in pairs that were female, diagnosed above the age of 20, or had HLA DR3 as opposed to DR4. We conclude that thyrogastric autoantibodies are common in both type 1 diabetic patients and their non-diabetic identical twins. Their presence appears to be genetically determined but does not increase the susceptibility of developing diabetes. The presence of autoantibodies does not appear to indicate a separate aetiological type of diabetes.
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PMID:Are thyrogastric autoantibodies associated with an increased susceptibility to developing type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes? A study in identical twins. 212 77

Sera from 162 Saudi Arab children were examined for autoantibodies to thyroid microsomes, thyroglobulin pancreatic islet cells, gastric parietal cells, and adrenocortical cells. The subjects included a control group (n = 76) and 86 children below 14 years with Type 1 diabetes. Antithyroid antibodies were detected in 8.1% of the diabetic group and in none of the control group. Parietal cell antibodies were found in 9.3% of the diabetic group and 4.4% of the control group; 14.6% of diabetic children and 2.2% of control children were positive for islet antibodies. However, 56.3% (9/16) of those who were tested at onset of diabetes had positive islet antibodies. In none of the children could we detect adrenocortical cell antibodies.
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PMID:Antithyroid and other organ-specific antibodies in Saudi Arab diabetic and normal children. 213 63

Rubella virus is a possible environmental agent which may be involved in triggering autoimmunity to pancreatic islet cells, leading to Type 1 diabetes. Autoantibody responses were determined in 239 10-year-old girls who received live attenuated rubella vaccine, of whom 61 (26%) had no pre-existing rubella immunity. Islet cell antibodies (ICA greater than 5 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation (JDF) units) were present in seven (2.9%) girls before vaccination, and they appeared in three more 6 weeks after vaccination (4.2%). However, the ICA levels were low in all cases and of the three girls who developed ICA greater than 5 JDF units 6 weeks post-vaccination, none had detectable ICA 18 months later. IgG-insulin autoantibodies were present in 17 (7.1%) girls before vaccination, and their prevalence decreased after vaccination (5.4%). Thyroid antibodies (thyroglobulin and microsomal) were present in 2% and 1%, respectively, of the girls before vaccination and none appeared afterwards. Thus, rubella vaccination did not elicit widespread endocrine autoantibody production and viral triggering of endocrine autoimmunity in susceptible subjects remains an open question.
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PMID:Does exposure to rubella virus generate endocrine autoimmunity? 214 69

We previously showed that for Singapore diabetics, a low prevalence of islet cell antibodies (ICA) and insulin autoantibodies (IAA) were observed, unlike the high prevalence rates in Caucasian populations. In this report, we have measured other autoimmune markers (thyroid autoantibodies, thyrotrophin [TSH] receptor antibodies, rheumatoid factor and anti-dsDNA antibodies) to assess the extent of autoimmunity in our newly diagnosed diabetes patients and those with long-standing diabetes. Results indicate that there is a raised prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in diabetics compared to the general population. Thyroid autoantibodies occurred in 24.3% (28/115) of the patients; thyroid microsomal antibodies (16.5%, 19/115) was much higher than for thyroglobulin antibodies (1.7%, 2/115). Prevalence rates of thyroid autoantibodies were lower in diabetics who were newly diagnosed (21.6%, 11/51), compared to those with long-standing disease (25.5%, 14/55). Three patients (3/9) with gestational diabetes were also positive for thyroid autoantibodies. TSH receptor antibodies associated with Graves' disease, were found in two patients. However, they also had thyrotoxicosis. Five patients (4.3%, 5/115) were detected with rheumatoid factor, but were clinically asymptomatic. Anti-dsDNA antibodies were not detected in any of the subjects. The presentation of thyroid autoantibodies or rheumatoid factor with age did not coincide with diabetes-associated ICA and IAA. It may mean that inspite of prevalence of subclinical autoimmunity in diabetes, autoimmunity against beta-cell lesions is not associated with the overall autoimmune tendency in our diabetes.
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PMID:Humoral immune abnormalities in diabetes mellitus. 222 99

Insulin autoantibodies (IAA) are well documented in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) prior to the administration of insulin and in patients with reactive hypoglycaemia--the insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS). It has been suggested that IAA can be induced by the administration of drugs containing sulphydryl groups, such as carbimazole, and they have been frequently described in Graves' disease. An alternative explanation is the clustering of autoantibodies in autoimmune disease. We studied 39 patients (37 females, two males, age range 14 to 61 years; mean 33.8 years) with proven Graves' disease and no previous treatment with carbimazole. Fifteen of the 39 patients had a family history of other autoimmune diseases. IAA and thyroid autoantibodies were assayed at diagnosis and monthly thereafter while on treatment with carbimazole, for up to 6 months. IAA were measured using a direct-binding solid-phase ELISA and specificity was confirmed by absorption studies using insulin covalently coupled to Sepharose beads. At diagnosis 33 of the 39 patients (85%) were positive for thyroid microsomal antibodies, 13 (33%) were positive for thyroglobulin antibodies, and 4 (10%) were positive for IAA. All IAA-positive patients had microsomal antibodies at diagnosis, and two had thyroglobulin antibodies in addition. After 4 months on carbimazole, the frequency of thyroid microsomal autoantibodies was unchanged (83%), while that of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies had fallen (8.6%). All four IAA-positive patients remained positive, and studies of binding to human, porcine and bovine insulin demonstrated that one serum, initially human insulin specific, later became cross-reactive with all three. We conclude that low titres of IAA are found in Graves' disease, and are associated with the presence of autoimmunity rather than the carbimazole. Symptomatic hypoglycaemia, however, is rare in Caucasian patients.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1990 Mar
PMID:Insulin autoantibodies in Graves' disease--before and after carbimazole therapy. 234 Jul 91

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of screening for thyroid disease by performing thyroid function tests and measuring thyroid autoantibodies in 371 children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We analyzed clinical data and results of serum thyroxine, triiodothyronine uptake, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and antibodies to thyroid microsomal antigen and thyroglobulin. Goiter was noted in 20% of subjects. Thyroid-specific autoantibody was positive in 19% of subjects. Twenty-seven subjects (7%) had thyroid dysfunction. Autoantibody testing identified subjects with thyroid dysfunction with a sensitivity of 50%, a specificity of 84%, a degree of misclassification of 17%, a positive predictive value of 13%, and a negative predictive value of 97%. We recommend that all children and adolescents be screened shortly after diagnosis of IDDM by determination of thyroid-stimulating hormone (measured by high-sensitivity assay) to identify thyroid dysfunction and by testing for antibody to thyroid microsomal antigen to characterize both risk of future thyroid dysfunction and the need for future testing.
Diabetes Care 1990 Jul
PMID:Screening for thyroid disease in children with IDDM. 179 99

Thalidomide, a derivative of glutamic acid, has immunosuppressive effects and suppresses graft-vs-host disease in the rat and following bone marrow transplantation in man. It is effectively used in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum and has a potential therapeutic effect in a variety of autoimmune diseases. In view of these observations, we evaluated the effect of thalidomide on the incidence of spontaneous and iodine-induced lymphocytic thyroiditis and spontaneous insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in the BB/Wor rat. Thalidomide did not suppress the incidence of lymphocytic thyroiditis and serum anti-thyroglobulin antibodies or affect the serum concentrations of T4, T3 and TSH in this rat model. Thalidomide also did not affect the incidence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. In contrast to preliminary studies in man and rat demonstrating efficacy in the therapy of autoimmune diseases, thalidomide did not prevent or suppress autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the BB/Wor rat.
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PMID:Effect of thalidomide on the incidence of iodine-induced and spontaneous lymphocytic thyroiditis and spontaneous diabetes mellitus in the BB/Wor rat. 238 27

Human monoclonal antibodies to human endocrine cells have been obtained following the generation of immunoglobulin-secreting interspecies lymphocyte hybridomas. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from an adult patient presenting with acute onset, Type I, diabetes mellitus were fused in vitro with mouse myeloma cells of the NS1 cell line. Initial selection of resulting hybridomas was made by their ability to proliferate in HAT medium. Those hybridomas secreting human immunoglobulins were identified by radioimmunoassay and, thereafter, cloned at frequent intervals to ensure continued antibody production. Human monoclonal antibodies selected in this manner are being employed to identify those epitopes which are common antigenic targets during initial stages of autoimmune-mediated diabetes mellitus and associated multiple endocrinopathies. Of these antibodies, one (HML 3.22) recognizes an epitope present on the human TSH receptor and a second (HML 3.21) identifies a component of thyroglobulin. The potential value of human monoclonal antibodies as probes for analyzing autoimmune-mediated endocrine diseases is discussed.
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PMID:Human monoclonal antibodies to thyroid antigens derived by hybridization of lymphocytes from a diabetic patient. 243 25

The majority (about 90%) of children developing Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus do not have a first-degree relative with the disease. Nearly all (389/405, 96%) children (0-14 years) in Sweden, who developed diabetes during one year, were therefore studied to compare islet cell, thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin, and gastric H+, K+-ATPase antibodies with 321 age, sex, and geographically matched, but non-related, control children. Islet cell (cytoplasmic) antibodies were found in 81% (316/389) of the patients and in 3% (9/321) of the control children (p less than 0.001). The median islet cell antibody levels were 70 (range 3-8200) Juvenile Diabetes Foundation (JDF) Units in the islet cell antibody positive patients, and 27 (range 17-1200) JDF Units in the control children (NS). Autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (8%), thyroglobulin (6%), and gastric H+, K+-ATPase (3%) were all increased in the patients compared with the control children, being 2% (p less than 0.001), 2% (p less than 0.01), and 0.3% (p less than 0.01), respectively. During an observation time of 20-34 months, two of the nine islet cell antibody positive control children developed Type 1 diabetes, after 8 and 25 months respectively, while the others remained healthy and became islet cell antibody negative. None of the islet cell antibody negative control children developed diabetes during the same time of observation. This first investigation of an unselected population of diabetic children and matched control children shows: that islet cell antibodies are strongly associated with newly diagnosed childhood diabetes, that other autoantibodies are more frequent among diabetic children than control children, and that the frequency of islet cell antibodies in the background population of children is higher than previously documented, and could also be transient, underlining that factors additional to islet cell antibodies are necessary for the later development of Type 1 diabetes.
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PMID:Islet cell and other organ-specific autoantibodies in all children developing type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Sweden during one year and in matched control children. 254 82

The BB/Wor rat spontaneously develops autoimmune insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT). Excess iodine ingestion enhances and low iodine diet decreases the incidence of LT in this rat model but does not affect the incidence of diabetes mellitus. The administration of a low dose of methimazole (MMI; 870 ng/gm bw ip daily) from 30-90 days of age had no significant effect on thyroid function or on the incidence of iodine induced LT and serum anti-thyroglobulin (Tg) antibodies measured by an ELISA assay. A large dose of MMI (0.05% in the drinking water) induced goiter and hypothyroidism. In addition, the incidence of LT was markedly attenuated (76% vs 6%, p less than 0.001) and reduced titers of serum anti-Tg antibodies (0.59 +/- 0.1 OD vs 0.08 +/- 0.01, p less than 0.001) were observed. This inhibitory effect of MMI on the occurrence of iodine induced LT in the BB/Wor rat may be due to the lower antigenicity of the poorly iodinated Tg secondary to MMI therapy and/or to an immunosuppressant effect of MMI itself.
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PMID:The inhibitory effect of large doses of methimazole on iodine induced lymphocytic thyroiditis and serum anti-thyroglobulin antibody titers in BB/Wor rats. 259 41


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