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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diabetes mellitus caused significant reduction in serum testosterone and accessory sex glands weight. The sperm content of epididymal regions also decreased. Among the epididymal regions, the cauda epididymidal tissue alone showed significant reduction in Na(+)-K+ ATPase activity. However, Mg2+ ATPase activity was lowered in caput epididymidis only. Specific activity of Ca2+ ATPase significantly decreased in caput and cauda epididymides. All three ATPases decreased significantly in caput epididymidal spermatozoa leaving cauda epididymidal spermatozoa unaffected. Specific activity of alkaline phosphatase was suppressed in caput epididymidis and in the spermatozoa collected from caput and cauda epididymides, while the acid phosphatase was unaffected. In general, the results are suggestive of definite influence of diabetes on epididymal phosphatases which is region specific. Diabetes induced decrease in phosphatases may have an impact on secretory and absorptive functions of epididymis and thus on sperm maturation.
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PMID:Effect of diabetes mellitus on epididymal enzymes of adult rats. 166 46

This study examines the consequences of diabetes on male reproductive function. We have studied a group of 18 diabetics (15 type I, 3 type II) age 24 to 40 years (mean 34 +/- 5.3) with duration of diabetes from 2 to 30 years (mean 11.8 +/- 8.3). This group was compared to 20 semen donors. In diabetics higher sperm (p = 0.0063) and round cell (p = 0.031) concentrations/ml as well as a higher total spermatozoa count (p = 0.023) were observed. The percentage of abnormal sperms were also higher. None of the couples had consulted for sterility and they had a mean of 2 children. In this group of patients, diabetes was not a cause of subfertility. Specific spermiological alteration in diabetics might reflect a testicular damage secondary to their diabetes or disease.
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PMID:Comparative study of semen in diabetic and healthy men. 188 79

Diabetes mellitus is commonly associated with reproductive neuroendocrinopathy in both humans and animal models for the disease. Diabetes-associated reproductive failure in the male is a result of multilevel dysfunction within the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis. In view of the known effects of diabetes on hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotropins in chemically-induced animal models for diabetes, we examined hypothalamic aminergic activities (important to the regulation of GnRH release), circulating gonadotropin levels and testicular morphology in the infertile, genetically diabetic (C57BL/KsJ-db/db) male mouse. Groups of 2-5 month old (average age: 3.4 months) and 6-11 month old (average age: 8.8 months) diabetic mice were compared with age-matched non-diabetic (C57BL/KsL(-)+/?) male mice. Diabetic mice in both age groups were markedly obese and hyperglycemic. Hypothalamic serotonin synthesis was inhibited in the preoptic area-anterior hypothalamus (POA-AH) in both 2-5 month old and 6-11 month old diabetic mice as well as in the mediobasal hypothalamus-median eminence (MBH-ME) of 6-11 month old diabetic mice. Catecholamine synthesis (norepinephrine and dopamine) was reduced in the POA-AH of 2-5 month old diabetic mice and in the MBH-ME of 6-11 month old mice. These aminergic changes were associated in 2-5 month old diabetic mice with reduced circulating levels of LH and in 6-11 month old diabetic mice, of both LH and FSH. In 6-11 month old diabetic mice, testes were characterized by a thickened tunica albuginea, numerous Sertoli cells and the near absence of any spermatogenic cells. The epididymis from these diabetic mice was devoid of spermatozoa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Reduced aminergic synthesis in the hypothalamus of the infertile, genetically diabetic (C57BL/KsJ-db/db) male mouse. 212 14

Semen from 18 men with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) aged 20-40 yr was compared with that from 15 age-matched control subjects. Although semen volume, sperm count, and spermatozoal motility were similar in the two groups, semen from diabetic men had significantly greater numbers of abnormal spermatozoa and significantly lower ability to penetrate hamster eggs. Concentrations of prostaglandins E2, F2 alpha, and I2 and thromboxane A2 were significantly elevated in the seminal plasma from semen of diabetic subjects compared with control subjects. These observations indicate the need for a careful assessment of fertility in diabetic men, the mechanisms underlying the abnormalities in spermatozoa, and the relationship of these abnormalities to the increase in prostanoid concentrations in diabetic men.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Sperm function and structure and seminal plasma prostanoid concentrations in men with IDDM. 261 7

A total of 54 male patients suffering from type I and II diabetes mellitus of different gravity were investigated. A higher percentage of immobile and pathological types of spermatozoa was revealed in patients with a severe type of diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[Sperm characterization in patients with diabetes mellitus suffering from sexual disorders]. 274 Mar 18

The role of glucose metabolism in sperm cell motility was examined in purified human spermatozoa from the perspective of elucidating its possible significance in spontaneous and experimental diabetes. After a 4-h incubation in the absence of D-glucose, the mean progressive velocity of human spermatozoa was 40% lower than that of control cells kept in the presence of D-glucose. The decline was rapidly overcome by the addition of D-glucose or D-fructose, the amplitude of this stimulatory effect being independent of the ambient hexose concentration. Between 1.4 and 16.7 mM glucose, spermatozoal glucose oxidation also proceeded independently of the extracellular glucose levels, whereas both insulin (100nM) and glucagon (100nM) failed to significantly affect the rate of glucose metabolism or cellular motility. It is speculated from these results that an alteration in seminal hexose concentrations or pancreatic hormone levels may be an unlikely cause for the reduced sperm motility that is characteristically observed in diabetic patients. Human spermatozoa rapidly incorporated D-glucose and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose but excluded the glucose-analogue alloxan, which may explain their resistance against the toxic effects of this diabetogenic drug, in spite of their intrinsic sensitivity to organic peroxides such as tert-butyl hydroperoxide.
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PMID:Glucose metabolism in human spermatozoa: lack of insulin effects and dissociation from alloxan handling. 351 12

The concentration of glucose in the plasma of alloxan-diabetic rats was 23.4 +/- 0.86 mM (mean +/- SEM; n = 18), and the concentration of insulin was 11.4 +/- 1.67 microU/ml (mean +/- SEM; n = 17). The weights of the ventral prostate (0.45 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.72 +/- 0.04 g) and seminal vesicles (1.23 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.84 +/- 0.08 g) were decreased compared to control values and the rats lost body weight, but the weights of the testes were not significantly different from control values (3.14 +/- 0.08 vs. 3.23 +/- 0.14 g/pair). Similar changes were seen in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The concentration of fructose (micromoles per g fresh wt) was greater in the coagulating gland of alloxan-diabetic (19.6 +/- 1.3; n = 17) than control rats (9.1 +/- 0.7; n = 18). The production of 14CO2 from D-[U-14C]glucose by spermatozoa or seminiferous tubules from diabetic rats was decreased compared to that in controls [28 +/- 3 vs. 53 +/- 6 nmol glucose converted/10(8) spermatozoa X 30 min (n = 8) and 0.81 +/- 0.03 vs. 1.08 +/- 0.03 mumol glucose converted/g fresh wt X 30 min (n = 7)]. There was no change in the production of lactate or 3HOH from D-[2-3H] glucose, and the presence of insulin (10 mU/ml) in the incubation had little effect. Rat epididymal spermatozoa took up 2-deoxy-D-glucose by a facilitated diffusion mechanism; the Km was about 0.2 mM, with a maximum velocity of about 0.10 nmol/10(6) spermatozoa X 10 sec. Neither alloxan-diabetes nor the presence of insulin (10 mU/ml) had an appreciable effect on these parameters.
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PMID:The effect of experimentally induced diabetes on the metabolism of glucose by seminiferous tubules and epididymal spermatozoa from the rat. 623 7

On 68 selected patients with disturbances of the potentia generandi et/sive coeundi (25 males with healthy metabolism and 43 males with diabetes) as well as 14 control persons PRL, LH, FSH, testosterone and oestradiol were determined radioimmunologically and the results were ascribed to sexological, clinical, spermatological and testo-histological findings. A statistically secure correlation was found between PRL values and disturbance of the libido as well as the presence of a gynaecomasty. PRL did not correlate with the spermatological variables volume of ejaculate, relative and absolute number of spermatozoa and motility. PRL did also not correlate with the testohistological findings. A relation between PRL and the peptide hormones LH and FSH as well as the steroid hormones testosterone and oestradiol could not be ascertained. Therefore the diagnostic values of a PRL determination is much limited; the pertinency of a hyperprolactinaemia may be increased by the proof of the symptoms reduction of libido and gynaecomasty with simultaneous disturbance of fertility. In our opinion the definition of hyperprolactinaemia needs revision, since at only determination of the basal value of more than 800 mU/l no more frequently pathologically andrological findings are to be observed than below 200 mU/l.
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PMID:[Prolactin and male fertility]. 640 21

Contraception by progestational agents only can be a very effective method when estroprogestational contraception or the IUD are contraindicated. Progestational agents affect the physiochemistry of the cervical mucus, spermatozoa capacitation, the endometrium, and the secretory process of the tubes. Progestins can be administered intramuscularly at a dose of 250 mg every 3 months, or of 450 mg every 6 months; they can also be administered in microdoses of 0.5 mg per os per day. Method of administration can be continuous, every day, discontinuous, from the 5th to the 25th day of the cycle, or mixed, i.e. one agent on a continuous basis every day, and another progestational agent for 5-10 days only. Progestational agents are usually well tolerated; they do, however, cause a series of menstruation disorders, including spotting, amenorrhea, and irregularities of the cycle. Reversibility is very good. Contraindicatoins to this type of contraception are diabetes, obesity, lipid metabolic problems, any cardiovascular pathology, any uterine and breast pathology when it is hormonodependant. Sequential contraception would be better indicated than progestational contraception for premenopausal women.
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PMID:[Isolated progestational contraception. Advantages and disadvantages]. 723 18

43 patients suffering from anejaculation were treated in 1983-1993 in the department of andrology of the N. A. Semashko Medical Institute urological clinic. Most commonly anejaculation is caused by prostatic and bladder neck surgery (25.6%), diabetes mellitus (18.6%) and presents as retrograde ejaculation, impaired sperm emission into the urethra, aspermatism (51.2, 27.9, 20.9% of patients, respectively). The leading pathogenetic factors are peripheral neuropathy, surgical injury to the bladder internal sphincter, psychosexual disorders. The authors propose classification and algorithm of the patients' examination to facilitate and enhance diagnosis. Special attention should be given to the presence or absence of orgasm, after-orgasm occurrence of spermatozoa in urine. Anejaculation treatment outcomes remain unsatisfactory. Good responses were achieved with selective adrenomimetic gutron, laser therapy and electrovibration. Prevention of anejaculation should be given more attention.
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PMID:[Anejaculation: its etiology and pathogenesis, classification and clinical aspects]. 757 Dec 1


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