Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ALP; EC 3.1.3.1) identified in human serum by cellulose acetate electrophoresis in 8% of fasting serum samples from hospital patients (n = 500) and in 35% of fasting serum samples from patients with diabetes mellitus (n = 106; not differentiated between types 1 and 2). The intestinal ALP electrophoretic band was usually heterogeneous and contained two major subtypes of ALP. Isoelectric focusing of intestinal-ALP-positive serum treated with levamisole and neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18) revealed two distinct regions of enzymatic activity that comigrated with ALP extracted from small intestinal and colonic mucosa. Anodic intestinal ALP was resistant to treatment with levamisole and neuraminidase and comigrated with ALP from small intestinal mucosa. The more-cathodic intestinal ALP, which comigrated with ALP from colonic mucosa, was completely inhibited by levamisole and converted by neuraminidase to a species with a more basic pI than that of neuraminidase-digested tissue-nonspecific form. This component of intestinal ALP may be of vascular origin.
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PMID:Prevalence and properties of the intestinal alkaline phosphatase identified in serum by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. 156 15

We investigated by enzyme electrophoresis after prolonged neuraminidase treatment the activity of "intestinal variant" (alpha 2-globulin mobility) alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1; ALP) in the plasma of 189 patients selected for disorders (diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, and chronic renal failure) with a known high frequency of increased plasma intestinal (beta-globulin mobility) ALP activity. The overall frequency of the variant ALP was 23.8%, whereas in the samples showing intestinal ALP it was 45.0%. The variant ALP was not observed in the absence of intestinal ALP, nor in patients of blood group A. Its frequency did not differ significantly between the different patient groups. Quantification of the variant ALP by densitometry was unsatisfactory but the quantity could be estimated by subtracting the intestinal ALP activity measured by electrophoresis from the activity determined by immunoassay with monoclonal antibody that reacts with both the intestinal and the variant forms. This indicated median activity of 12 U/L for the variant, approximately equal to that of the concomitant intestinal ALP. From the effects of papain and bromelain treatments, we suggest that "intestinal variant" represents intestinal ALP with attached membrane-binding domain.
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PMID:Intestinal variant alkaline phosphatase in plasma in disease. 170 Jul 41

The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical significance of urinary enzyme activity in patients with diabetes mellitus. Patients were divided into two groups: group A - 102 outpatients, group B-23 inpatients. Spot urine samples before breakfast from group A and aliquots of 24-hours urine collections at 4 degrees C from group B were used. Urinary enzyme activities (N-acetyl- beta-D-glucosaminidase: NAG, alkaline phosphatase: ALP, leucine aminopeptidase: LAP, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: gamma-GTP) were determined by spectrophotometric assay, rate assay, Tuppy method and Orlowski method, respectively. 1) In group A, the percentage of the cases which showed higher than the normal range (NAG: 1.3-8.7, ALP: 4.2-17.7, LAP: 0-22.9 U/g. cer.) was 42.2% in NAG, 21.6% in ALP, and 8.8% in LAP. In a multiple regression analysis, the predictor variables which contributed to NAG were HbA1c, age, urinary protein and the one that contributed to ALP, LAP, gamma-GTP was urinary beta 2-microglobulin. 2) In group B, 87% of NAG was above the normal range (Mean +/- 2 SD; 4.8 +/- 3.9 U/day). There was no difference in the NAG activity between patients with and without nephropathy. The percent of high activities of ALP, LAP and gamma-GTP were 17%, 17%, 4%, respectively. Most of them were patients with nephropathy. There were correlations among ALP, LAP and gamma-GTP, though no correlation existed between NAG and the other three enzymes. These results suggested: 1) NAG reflects lysosomal dysfunction of both glomerular and proximal tubular epithelial cells which may be caused by poor glycemic control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical significance of urinary enzymes in diabetes mellitus]. 197 16

Cytochemical indices of leukocytes were determined in 16 patients with diabetes mellitus in the period of unbalancing and balancing. The following tests were made: content of glycogen and lipids, acid phosphatase (AP), alkaline phosphatase (AIP), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nonspecific alpha-naphtol acetate esterase (NANAE) activity. In unbalanced diabetics an evident decrease in the activity of AP and MPO could be noted as well as a decrease of glycogen content and an increase of lipid content. An insignificant decrease could be observed in the activity of ALP and NANAE in granulocytes. A slight increase in the activity of NANAE in monocytes would be found. Balancing this disease induced the increase of all parameters in granulocytes except MPO activity. It is interesting to note that balancing diabetes mellitus deepened the observed changes in the decrease or increase of tested parameters. The presented findings clearly indicate the role of metabolic disorders in diabetes mellitus on the activity of some neutrophilic enzymes and the glycogen and the content of lipids in neutrophils.
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PMID:Cytochemical indices of leukocytes in patients with diabetes mellitus. 258 66

This study was carried out to determine the relationships between blood trace metal concentrations and the clinical status of patients with cerebrovascular disease, gastric cancer and diabetes mellitus. The concentrations of blood trace metals were determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentrations were compared to clinical parameters such as blood biochemical parameters, CBC, etc. The contribution of blood trace elements to these three diseases and the possibilities for prophylaxis of these three diseases are discussed. The results obtained were as follow: 1. Patients with cerebrovascular disease showed generally lower concentrations than normal subjects, while the gender difference of the blood metal concentrations showed a pattern similar to that of normal subjects. In some combination, significant correlations were observed between blood metal concentrations and clinical biochemical parameters. 2. As the stage of gastric cancer advanced, blood copper concentrations increased. In all gastric cancer patients the blood copper concentration had a positive correlation with platelet counts, CEA and LDH, and a negative correlation with hemoglobin concentrations, hematocrit value and catalase. Plasma copper concentrations had a significant positive correlation with catalase. Corpuscular zinc concentrations had a significant positive correlation with platelet counts, CEA, ALP and LDH, and a significant negative correlation with hemoglobin concentration and GSH-Px. Corpuscular manganese concentrations had a significant positive correlation with CEA and LDH. 3. The blood copper concentration of patients with diabetes mellitus showed a distribution pattern similar to that of healthy subjects. Therefore, copper is not considered to be an important factor in diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients treated by insulin injection showed increased blood zinc concentrations. Chromium, which is contained in GTF (glucose tolerance factor), showed lower blood concentrations in patients with severe complications, such as retinopathy or nephropathy. Therefore, it appears that chromium plays an important role in advancing diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[Studies on the relationships between blood trace metal concentrations and the clinical status of patients with cerebrovascular disease, gastric cancer and diabetes mellitus]. 344 33

Clinical efficacy of piperacillin against 74 cases with complicated urinary tract infection was examined. Piperacillin was administered at the dose of 4 g (2 g twice daily) through intravenous drip infusion. The overall clinical value was rated in "excellent", in 9 cases, "moderate" in 34 cases and "poor" in 31 cases with a total efficacy of 58.1%. In the analysis of clinical values based on background, its efficacy was statistically significantly lower in the patients at a higher age, those with complication of diabetes mellitus, and those with indwelling catheter. In operated cases compared to non-operated cases, it was suggested to be more effective for improving the disturbances in urinary flow as a result of the removal of the underlying conditions by the operation. As to bacteriological efficacy, 64 out of 95 strains (67.4%) isolated were eradicated following its administration. Microbes which appeared after its dosing belonged to 9 classes of 18 strains, of which 5 strains (27.8%) of Serratia were identified. Side effects were 2.5% (3/119), no serious cases appeared. Changes in laboratory examination results were elevated GOT (2.5%), GPT (1.7%), and ALP (0.8%) values, all being transient hanges.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of efficacy of piperacillin against complicated urinary tract infections]. 396 5

This paper is a study to identify the clinical significance of high-molecular-mass alkaline phosphatase (ALP:E:C..3.1.3.1.), ALP-lipoprotein-X complex (LP-X) and intestinal variant ALP. We used cellulose acetate and agarose gels and techniques including wheat germ lectin, cetavlon-diethyl ether, thermostatability, neuraminidase and L-phenylalanine to improve the electrophoretic separation of the alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. Patients' serum samples were electrophoresed from a diverse group of individuals ill with cholestasis, neoplastic disease metastatic to the liver, hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, and chronic renal disease. Agarose gels provided better separation of ALP isoenzymes than cellulose acetate gels. The results also indicated that high-molecular mass ALP is present in patient's serum in conditions associated with cholestasis especially caused by hepatic malignancy. High-molecular mass ALP was frequently found to co-exist with the liver isoenzyme and LP-XALP complex. The intestinal variant was identified in patients with malignancy, cirrhosis, chronic renal disease and diabetes mellitus. Intestinal ALP coexisted concomitantly with a variant intestinal ALP. Intestinal variant ALP is most likely composed of intestinal ALP attached to a cellular membrane-binding domain, or may be an artifact produced by neuraminidase incubation.
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PMID:Clinical significance of serum high-molecular-mass alkaline phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase-lipoprotein-X complex, and intestinal variant alkaline phosphatase. 804 46

The pathogenetic mechanism underlying glucose intolerance in pancreatic cancer is still unclear. We studied the pattern of three glucose regulating hormones (C-peptide, glucagon and GH) in pancreatic cancer patients with (N = 34) and without (N = 8) hyperglycemia, and compared the findings made with those from subjects with other hyperglycemic conditions of well-known origin [type I diabetes mellitus (8 cases) and diabetes mellitus secondary to chronic pancreatitis (13 cases) or liver cirrhosis (4 cases)]. In hyperglycemic pancreatic cancer patients, C-peptide was absent in 26% of the cases, reduced in 24%, elevated in 29% and within the normal range in the remaining 21%. In normoglycemic pancreatic cancer this hormone was reduced in two cases (25%) and within the normal range in all the others. GH was within the normal range in all cases: glucagon was below the normal range in some hyperglycemic pancreatic cancer patients (41%) or within the normal range in all the remaining patients. No correlations were found between the three hormones when findings from subjects were considered all together. However, in pancreatic cancer C-peptide and glucagon presented consensual variations. C-peptide, glucagon and GH levels were not related to tumor volume; glucagon was found to be associated with liver metastases. C-peptide was correlated with serum ALT and ALP. We may conclude that hyperglycemia associated with pancreatic cancer may be caused by different mechanisms. In some cases a reduced secretion of both insulin and glucagon was observed, as occurs in chronic pancreatitis. In the majority of patients, beta cell function appears normal, and the hyperglycemic state may depend on an altered peripheral sensitivity to insulin due to the pancreatic pathology itself or to consensual liver involvement.
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PMID:C-peptide pattern in patients with pancreatic cancer. 813 97

Sequential chromatography of human follicular fluid (hFF) on Sephadex G-50, Q-Sepharose and finally Cibracon Blue yielded a protein molecule which biologically had a stimulating effect on steroid secretion (SSF) by ovarian granulosa cells in vitro. SDS-gel electrophoresis followed by blotting on PVDF membrane of the biologically active fraction revealed 3 bands of ca. 28, 27 and 24 kDa. The N-terminal sequence of the 3 bands corresponded completely with that of apolipoprotein A-I. In view of this, it was of interest to examine whether human ovary expresses apo A-I. Using specific primers for apo A-I and apo A-I-like protein (ALP; Richardson et al., 1996), we could demonstrate the presence of mRNA for apo A-I as well as ALP in the granulosa cells. The expression of ALP was found to be much higher than that of apo A-I. Like hFF-protein, purified apo A-I could also stimulate steroid secretion by human granulosa cells incubated in the presence of cholesterol. The functional role of ovarian apo A-I/ALP may be speculated as a transport molecule for steroid precursors.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1997
PMID:Expression of mRNA for ovarian steroid-stimulating factor (apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein A-I-like protein) in human granulosa cells. 913 45

We found significant increases in ALP and ALP isoform band 10 in the serum of patients with early insulin-dependent diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and in those with multiple sclerosis during periods of disease exacerbation as compared with healthy controls. The ALP isoforms were assayed by isoelectric focusing. Our data suggest that the increase in ALP and ALP-10 closely reflects the abnormal activation of T lymphocytes that is common in autoimmune diseases, and that the source of the ALP-10 is activated T lymphocytes. ALP-10 is a sensitive but nonspecific marker of an active autoimmune process and appears to have the ability to detect abnormal T-cell activation. ALP-10 may be a useful test in the screening for autoimmune disorders.
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PMID:Increased alkaline phosphatase isoforms in autoimmune diseases. 926 14


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