Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recently, lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] has been identified as a major risk factor for coronary heart disease. No data are available on the effect of improved metabolic control on plasma Lp(a) concentrations in subjects with type II diabetes mellitus, a group at high risk for coronary heart disease. We examined the effects of improved metabolic control on plasma lipid and lipoproteins and Lp(a) concentrations in 12 subjects before and after 21 days of tight metabolic control. Glycosylated hemoglobin declined from 8.9% to 6.9% (P less than .002). Lp(a) increased slightly from 21.4 to 25.8 mg/dL (P = .119) with improved metabolic control. There were no significant differences in total, low-density, or high-density cholesterol values, although the decline in triglyceride concentrations was statistically significant. The distribution of apolipoprotein (a) [apo (a)] isoforms in subjects with type II diabetes mellitus was not unusual and the apo (a) isoform patterns did not change with improved metabolic control. Although the number of subjects was small, there was no decline in Lp(a) concentrations with improved control and thus the effect of glycemic control on Lp(a) concentrations may be much smaller in type II than in type I diabetes. These results suggest that diabetic subjects with elevated Lp(a) concentrations should have intensive management of conventional cardiovascular risk factors such as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), and blood pressure.
 ...
PMID:Lack of change of lipoprotein (a) concentration with improved glycemic control in subjects with type II diabetes. 153 Dec 44

The apolipoprotein (apo) E polymorphism has been related to differences in lipoprotein metabolism and lipid/lipoprotein concentrations in a number of studies. Whether these associations are seen in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), which itself affects many of the same aspects of lipoprotein metabolism as does the apo E polymorphism, is unknown. The present study is an investigation into the influence of apo E phenotype on lipoprotein concentrations in a large group of IDDM patients (n = 433) participating in the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) Study. The frequency of the three apo E alleles 2, 3, and 4 did not differ in this population from that reported in general white populations. Although the diabetic subjects show the same trends as seen in the general population, ie, apo E-2 is associated with lower and apo E-4 with higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) compared with apo E3 (P less than .03), they also show relationships with glycemic control that influence the relative levels of lipid measures with respect to apo E phenotype. Results also raise the possibility that lipoprotein composition varies according to apo E phenotype in IDDM.
 ...
PMID:The impact of the apolipoprotein E polymorphism on the lipoprotein profile in insulin-dependent diabetes: the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study IX. 155 40

This study was conducted to determine whether changes in the levels of plasma apolipoproteins (apo) A-I, A-II, B, C-II, and C-III, along with cholesterol and triglycerides, could provide additional information on these parameters in relation to the control of glycemia. Plasma and lipoprotein lipids and apolipoprotein levels were measured in 123 insulin-dependent diabetic children (4- to 12-years-old), classified into good, fair, and poor diabetic control based on HbA1c and fructosamine levels, and in 62 comparable healthy controls. Total cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as total triglycerides, very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) triglycerides, and apo B and apo C-III were increased significantly in children with fair and poor diabetic control. While in diabetic children with good control, only very low density lipoprotein cholesterol was elevated significantly compared with healthy control subjects. Conversely, the levels of cholesterol in HDL, HDL2, HDL3, and apo A-I were decreased significantly in the three diabetic groups, but apo A-II and apo C-II did not change. We conclude that in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, abnormalities in plasma lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein levels occur, the extent of which depends on the degree (extent) of glycemic control (the poorer the control the more substantial the abnormality). We suggest that measurement of apo C-III level along with apo B and apo A-I in these patients may be a sensitive indicator to alterations in glycemic control.
 ...
PMID:Apolipoprotein A-I, A-II, B, C-II, and C-III in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 157 7

To clarify the long-term effects of alpha-adrenergic blockade on blood pressure, glucose, and lipid metabolism, a selective alpha 1-adrenergic inhibitor (prazosin, 1.0 to 2.0 mg/day in divided doses) was administered as a single antihypertensive agent to 10 (four men and six women, aged 52 to 76 years) hypertensive patients (systolic blood pressure [SBP] greater than or equal to 150 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg) with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) for up to 20 weeks. Blood pressure, glucose tolerance and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) response to 75 gm oral glucose load, hemoglobin A1 (Hb A1), serum lipid profile, and serum apolipoprotein were examined before and after treatment. SBP and DBP were significantly reduced at 20 weeks after treatment with the selective alpha 1-adrenergic inhibitor (SBP 167 +/- 6 mm Hg versus 152 +/- 7 mm Hg; DBP 81 +/- 3 mm Hg versus 76 +/- 3 mm Hg, (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01, respectively). Glucose tolerance and IRI response to glucose load were not significantly changed at 4 and 12 to 20 weeks after selective alpha 1-inhibitor treatment compared with the baseline data before treatment; the level of Hb A1 was not significantly changed at 4 and 20 weeks after treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Effect of alpha-adrenergic blockade on blood pressure, glucose, and lipid metabolism in hypertensive patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 167 75

The presence of polymorphic restriction sites (S2, M2, P2) of the apolipoprotein AI-CIII-AIV gene cluster for the respective Sst1, Msp1, and Pst1 enzymes was assessed after hybridization with a radiolabelled apolipoprotein AI gene probe in 64 Type 2 diabetic patients and 67 healthy control subjects, all Europids. Twenty-two diabetic patients showed evidence of ischaemic heart disease or macrovascular arteriopathy and forty-two were free of cardiovascular complications. Control subjects were selected for the absence of personal or familial metabolic or cardiovascular diseases. The frequencies of polymorphic alleles were in agreement with previous studies in the control group: S2 6.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3-10.3) %, M2 5.5 (1.6-9.4) %, P2 6.3 (2.3-10.3) % and did not differ in the whole diabetic group: S2 4.2 (0.7-7.7) %, M2 6.5 (2.0-11.0) %, P2 6.6 (2.3-10.9) %. The relative prevalences of S2, M2, and P2 alleles were, respectively: 3.32, 1.54, and 2.00 (Woolf's ratio) in the macroangiopathic group but allele distribution frequencies were not statistically different from non-macroangiopathic patients. The allelic associations S2M2P1 and S1M1P2 showed a relative prevalence of 2.86 and 2.00 in the presence of cardiovascular complications but the difference was not significant in terms of polyallelic distribution frequencies in the absence of atherosclerosis. No serum lipid abnormalities could be related to the presence of any polymorphic allele or allelic association. These results suggest a genetic influence on the development of atherosclerosis in Type 2 diabetes, but the mechanism remains unclear.
 ...
PMID:DNA restriction polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein AI-CIII-AIV gene cluster: a genetic determinant of atherosclerosis in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. 167 23

Several studies have demonstrated an association between variation in the apolipoprotein (apo) B gene, principally as detected by the XbaI and EcoRI restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), and lipoprotein levels or cardiovascular disease. We have examined the frequency of the EcoRI and XbaI RFLPs of the apoB gene in 95 white Type 2 diabetic patients aged between 45 and 80 years in order to ascertain whether variation in this gene may be influencing the development of Type 2 diabetes and associated atherosclerosis through obesity. Neither of the two RFLPs had a significant association with clinically defined cardiovascular disease or with body mass index in our sample. However, while XbaI displayed no association with circulating levels of lipids, lipoproteins or apolipoproteins, the presence of the rare (R2) alele of EcoRI (absence of cutting site) was associated with significantly higher levels of circulating triglycerides. Furthermore, the EcoRI R2 allele was over-represented in the diabetic sample when compared to a healthy control group. Our findings support previous studies which have shown an effect of variation at the apoB gene on circulating lipid levels; additionally, variation in this gene may contribute to the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
 ...
PMID:Variation in the apolipoprotein B gene and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 168 48

Serum lipid and apolipoprotein (apo A-I, A-II, A-IV, B, C-II, C-III, E and H) levels were determined in 26 patients with chronic pancreatitis without complications such as liver disease or diabetes mellitus. These patients were divided into two groups, CP-I (n = 16) and CP-II (n = 10), according to the clinical criteria for chronic pancreatitis. HDL-cholesterol and apo A-I levels in CP-I and CP-II groups significantly decreased compared to those in sex- and age-matched healthy controls (p less than 0.05), whereas there were not significant differences in triglyceride and total cholesterol levels between these groups and controls. On the other hand, apo A-IV levels in CP-I and CP-II were 7.1 +/- 1.0 mg/dl and 8.3 +/- 1.5 mg/dl, respectively and these values were significantly lower than 11.2 +/- 1.8 mg/dl in controls (p less than 0.001). In this study, the serum lipids apparently showed normal levels in patients with chronic pancreatitis who had no severe complication, and the markedly low apo A-IV levels in these patients were considered to be mainly due to the decrease of lipid absorption from the intestine.
 ...
PMID:[Serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in patients with chronic pancreatitis]. 176 96

Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus are both characterized by increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Since several reports have indicated that apolipoprotein (a) [apo(a)] levels are positively associated with an increased risk of macrovascular disease, we investigated whether apo(a) levels are elevated in both types of diabetes mellitus and may thus represent an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic disease. Apo(a) concentrations in type 1 diabetic patients were not significantly different from matched controls (276 +/- 78 vs 149 +/- 46 units/l). Type 2 diabetic patients had considerably higher levels of apo(a) than matched controls (471 +/- 89 vs 221 +/- 61 units/l, P = 0.06), though the difference was not statistically significant. However, concentrations of apo(a) were above 300 units/l in 36% of type 1 and 67% of type 2 diabetic patients, but in only 14% and 25% respectively of matched control subjects. Plasma triglycerides were positively and independently correlated with apo(a) levels in both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. On the other hand, no significant correlation was found between apo(a) levels and glycosylated haemoglobin, total cholesterol or high density lipoprotein cholesterol in any of the groups studied. In conclusion, apo(a) levels are not significantly elevated either in type 1 or type 2 diabetic patients without proteinuria and in moderate metabolic control; however, levels above 300 units/l were 2.6 times more frequent in both types of diabetes mellitus than in carefully age-, sex-, and weight-matched control subjects.
 ...
PMID:Apolipoprotein (a) levels in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. 177 52

Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is composed of 1 low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle, to which 1 molecule of apolipoprotein (a) is covalently linked. Elevated levels of Lp(a) have been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and Lp(a) has been shown to be highly heritable. Our purpose was to determine the prevalence of familial Lp(a) excess in patients with CAD. We determined plasma levels of Lp(a) in 180 patients (150 men and 30 women) with angiographically documented CAD before age 60 years, and in 459 control subjects (276 men and 183 women) clinically free of cardiovascular disease. In addition, Lp(a) levels were determined in families of 102 of the CAD probands (87 men and 15 women). No gender differences in Lp(a) levels were observed between men and women (patients or control subjects). Patients with CAD had higher Lp(a) levels than did control subjects (19 +/- 21 vs 13 +/- 15 mg/dl, p less than 0.001). The prevalence of Lp(a) excess (defined as greater than 90th percentile of controls) was 17% in patients with CAD (p less than 0.05). Lp(a) levels were not correlated with cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol or apolipoproteins A-I or B. There was a weak correlation between Lp(a) and triglycerides (r = 0.166, p less than 0.05) in patients and control subjects. Stepwise discriminant analysis revealed that Lp(a) was a risk factor for the presence of CAD in men, independent of smoking, hypertension, diabetes, LDL and HDL cholesterol, or apolipoprotein A-I and B levels. Family studies revealed that Lp(a) levels are strongly genetically determined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] excess in coronary artery disease. 182 34

To determine the possible role of a glycaemic control in lipid metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients, serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels were measured in well-controlled and poorly controlled lean NIDDM without proteinuria and hypertension. A sample of 96 lean NIDDM patients (body mass index less than 25 kg m-2 in men and less than 27 kg m-2 in women) were divided into two groups: group I, where the HbA1c concentration had been less than 6% for the previous 3 months, and group II, where the HbA1c concentration had been greater than 8% for the previous 3 months. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol levels showed no significant differences between groups I and II. Furthermore, serum levels of apolipoproteins AI, AII, B, CII, CIII, and E did not differ significantly between groups I and II. These results suggest that glycaemic control did not influence lipid metabolism in lean NIDDM patients.
 ...
PMID:Serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in non-hypertensive lean NIDDM patients. 186 64


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>