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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ideal site to transplant pancreatic islets has yet to be determined. To evaluate this problem, we have compared the efficacy of pancreatic microfragments transplanted into the splenic, intrahepatic and renal subcapsular sites. Function was assessed by plasma glucose (PG) and intravenous glucose tolerance test (ivGTT). Portal pressures and coagulation profiles (PT, PTT, FDP, Platelet count) were measured following intrasplenic and intraportal transplants. Liver enzymes (LDH, Alk. Phos., SGOT), serum bilirubin, BUN and creatinine were assessed serially in all groups. Nine of 10 dogs that received islets refluxed into the spleen were normoglycemic (mean PG = 94.5 mg/dL) at 1 mo with one dog failing four days following implantation (PG = 350 mg/dL). Following intraportal embolization, two of six dogs remained normoglycemic (PG = 95.7 mg/dL) at 1 mo. One dog died due to mesenteric venous thrombosis, two died suddenly within 24 h of engraftment without obvious cause, and a fourth died six days following transplantation (PG = 678 mg/dL). None of the six renal subcapsular transplants induced normoglycemia (mean PG = 430 mg/dL) at 1 mo. Mean rise in portal pressure (cmH2O +/- SEM) during intrasplenic and intraportal transplantation of islets was 1.7 +/- 0.6 and 31.2 +/- 3.3 respectively (p less than 0.001). Following intrasplenic and intrahepatic engraftment, significant coagulation abnormalities did not occur. Elevation of liver enzymes occurred 24 h following implantation to all three recipient sites but returned to preoperative values by 1 mo. Bilirubin was not affected. Renal function tests were not significantly altered in any groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes Res 1989 Jan
PMID:Comparison of sites for transplantation of canine pancreatic microfragments. 250 86

Experimental diabetes rats was induced in rats by intraperitoneal streptozotocin. The changes of glucose, sorbitol, fructose and free myoinositol in diabetic sciatic nerve and plasma, the changes of enzyme activity of sciatic nerve in relation to glucose, lipid and protein metabolism were studied during 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 weeks after induction of diabetes. The structural changes of 6 and 12 week diabetic sciatic nerve were observed sequentially by light and electron microscopy during the course of 6 and 12 weeks. The results showed that glucose, sorbitol and fructose in blood and sciatic nerve were increased markedly, but free myo-inositol was normal in blood and decreased in sciatic nerve. The enzyme activity such as ICDH, MDH, LDH, alpha-GPDH all reduced, but the activity of sorbitol dehydrogenase increased. Various ultrastructural changes such as swollen unmyelinated fibers, swollen mitochondria in axon, degenerative changes of myelin sheath and atrophic axon were observed, but no changes was found by light microscopy.
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PMID:[Pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats]. 252 88

Experimental diabetes was induced in wistar rats by intraperitoneal streptozotocin in a single dose of 60-65 mg per kg body weight. The changes of myocardium enzyme histochemistry and ultrastructure were observed during the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 12th week of diabetic state. The glucose metabolism enzyme activities such as ICDH, SDH, MDH, LDH, all decreased. The results indicated that glucose oxidation and glycolysis reduced. In the ventricular myocardium of diabetic rats, varying degrees of ultrastructural change were apparent. Swelling of mitochondria was observed. Focal areas showed myofibrillar degeneration, and cardiac muscle muscle cells showed condensation of nuclear chromatin. Lipid droplets could be seen in the cytoplasm of cardiac myocytes. The ultrastructural changes in the cardiac muscle cells were not accompanied by any changes in the endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells of the small vessels or capillaries. This study provides a strong evidence for the occurrence of a primary myocardial disease in the model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The primary cardiomyopathy was not dependent on vascular pathological changes.
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PMID:[Studies of enzyme histochemistry and ultrastructure of the myocardium in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes]. 252 54

This study was carried out to determine the relationships between blood trace metal concentrations and the clinical status of patients with cerebrovascular disease, gastric cancer and diabetes mellitus. The concentrations of blood trace metals were determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentrations were compared to clinical parameters such as blood biochemical parameters, CBC, etc. The contribution of blood trace elements to these three diseases and the possibilities for prophylaxis of these three diseases are discussed. The results obtained were as follow: 1. Patients with cerebrovascular disease showed generally lower concentrations than normal subjects, while the gender difference of the blood metal concentrations showed a pattern similar to that of normal subjects. In some combination, significant correlations were observed between blood metal concentrations and clinical biochemical parameters. 2. As the stage of gastric cancer advanced, blood copper concentrations increased. In all gastric cancer patients the blood copper concentration had a positive correlation with platelet counts, CEA and LDH, and a negative correlation with hemoglobin concentrations, hematocrit value and catalase. Plasma copper concentrations had a significant positive correlation with catalase. Corpuscular zinc concentrations had a significant positive correlation with platelet counts, CEA, ALP and LDH, and a significant negative correlation with hemoglobin concentration and GSH-Px. Corpuscular manganese concentrations had a significant positive correlation with CEA and LDH. 3. The blood copper concentration of patients with diabetes mellitus showed a distribution pattern similar to that of healthy subjects. Therefore, copper is not considered to be an important factor in diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients treated by insulin injection showed increased blood zinc concentrations. Chromium, which is contained in GTF (glucose tolerance factor), showed lower blood concentrations in patients with severe complications, such as retinopathy or nephropathy. Therefore, it appears that chromium plays an important role in advancing diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[Studies on the relationships between blood trace metal concentrations and the clinical status of patients with cerebrovascular disease, gastric cancer and diabetes mellitus]. 344 33

This study was performed to examine the relationship between postmortem biochemical values and cause of death. The follow samples were taken from 399 corpses: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; n = 376, suboccipital), blood (n = 158, femoral vein), and urine (n = 101, at autopsy). (See Table 1 for causes of death) All samples were stored at -80 degrees C. A further 100 samples of blood were later taken and stored at +4 degrees C before testing. Biochemical determinations made were: glucose in CSF, blood, and urine (hexokinase method); lactate (LDH/GPT) and free acetone (HS-gas chromatography) in CSF; hemoglobin A1 in blood (microcolumn technique). In 34 cases fatal diabetic coma was considered verified by morphological and chemical findings. One hundred cases of sudden cardiac death were chosen as the main control group. In 32 of the 34 cases defined above, the value of the formula of Traub (glucose + lactate in CSF) exceeded 415 mg/dl. It is not influenced significantly by hyperglycemia or hyperlactatemia due to factors other than diabetes (i.e., carbon monoxide, asphyxia). After death the value rose till the 30th hpm, then remained stable for at least 1 week. Fatal coma was defined as the ketoacidotic form if free acetone in CSF ranged above 21 mg/l. In these cases, CSF glucose and free acetone correlated positively. Hemoglobin A1 remained stable after death. Its amount was independent from postmortem blood glucose, postmortem interval and total hemoglobin. Furthermore, the manner of storage (-80 degrees or +4 degrees C) had no significant influence on its values. In 29 of 34 cases of fatal coma, Hb A1 exceeded 12.1%. Analysis of urine glucose showed elevated levels (over 500 mg/dl) in diabetic comas. On conclusion, fatal diabetic coma seems indicated as the cause of death if measured values of postmortem biochemistry exceed the following limits: CSF-Traub 415 mg/dl, free acetone (CSF) 21 mg/l; Hb A1 12.1%; urine glucose 500 mg/dl. Most important are the Traub formula and hemoglobin A1. Usually, in fatal coma both values are elevated. If both of them are normal, diabetic coma can nearly be excluded. Combined evaluation of all values is absolutely necessary. Morphology must also always be taken into account. Consequently, a diagnosis of fatal coma can be obtained by a process of elimination.
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PMID:[Biochemical measurements of glucose metabolism in relation to cause of death and postmortem effects]. 376 99

The paper provides representative data on the indices of lipid metabolism and the activity of cardiospecific (lactate dehydrogenase--LDH, creatine phosphokinase--CPK) in patients with diabetes mellitus, Type I and II, (male inhabitants of Kaunas aged 40 to 59) which were compared with similar data on control persons randomly selected from the population during epidemiological surveys. They covered 85.3% of all detected and followed-up patients of this age with diabetes mellitus. Total and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were determined by the enzymatic methods, LDH by the spectrophotometric method and CPK by the fluorometric method. It was shown that patients with Type II diabetes mellitus (insulin-independent) in addition to a raised concentration of glucose on an empty stomach were characterized by an increase in the level of cholesterol up to 6.34-0.51 mmol/l and especially triglycerides up to 5.98-1.78 mmol/l as compared to the control values (5.39-0.11 and 1.48-0.12 mmol, respectively). The concentration of HDL cholesterol and CPK and LDH activity in the patients did not differ from the control level.
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PMID:[Lipid metabolism and the activity of cardiospecific enzymes in diabetes mellitus]. 378 99

Biochemical changes in the placenta were studied using alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in the female rat. In comparison with a control group (n = 13) the placentas of the diabetic animals (n = 12) had significantly higher glucose, glycogen and protein levels. It was, however, shown that this supply of substrate was inadequately utilised for energy, as ATP/ADP quotient was lower and the ADP content was significantly higher. Metabolism still appeared to take place under aerobic conditions, as evidenced by the unchanged lactate levels. In terms of the protein content of the placentas, the activity of the enzymes we investigated (GOT, GPT, LDH, G-6-PDH, MDH, ICDH) was lowered by 25-44%. These results support the idea of global placental insufficiency in diabetics.
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PMID:Effects of alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus on the metabolism of the rat placenta. 395 50

The data from the case histories of 106 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and diabetes mellitus (DM) from the intensive care unit of III Internal Clinic of the Medical Faculty of the Higher Medical Institute "I. P. Pavlov"-- Plovdiv are interpreted as well as of the same number of patients with myocardial infarction without diabetes mellitus. The authors found a higher percentage of painless forms of myocardial infarction in diabetics, no matter the duration, form and severity of the diabetes. The patients with DM and MI have a slowed down rehabilitation and reverse ECG dynamics. The complications in both groups observed do not differ. Myocardial rupture is significantly more frequent among the females from both groups. High leukocytosis, with shifting to the left, accelerated ESR, high SGOT and LDH activity and hypercoagulemia as well as their slowed down restoration should be admitted--a constellation with an unfavourable prognostic sign, requiring a cautious treatment and a slower rehabilitation.
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PMID:[Diabetes mellitus and myocardial infarct]. 673 Apr 54

Activities of pyruvate kinase, lactate and malate dehydrogenases as well as concentration of oxaloacetate, lactic and pyruvic acids and of glycerol-I-phosphate were altered in liver tissues of rats with alloxane diabetes. Alteration in activity of LDH and MDH isoenzymes appears to be responsible for regulation of the content of pyrimidine nucleotides oxidized and reduced forms, which limit the glucose oxidation.
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PMID:[Changes in liver enzyme activity in alloxan diabetes rats]. 708 Apr 80

A genetic variant of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) has been produced which becomes markedly obese as well as hypertensive, i.e. Obese/SHR weigh 800 g as against 300 g for non-obese cohorts. Serum enzymes (CPK, SGOT, SGPT and LDH) are frequently abnormally elevated, concomitantly with a high incidence of myocardial necrosis. Obese/SHR are hyperlipidaemic with severe fatty infiltration of the liver; they are hyperglycaemic with enormous islets of Langerhans and extensive beta-cell degranulation; despite elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, they manifest little or no renal damage. Measurement of corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and aldosterone in Obese/SHR demonstrate marked hyper-responsiveness to moderate stress. Circulating prolactin levels are lower in Obese and non-obese/SHR compared to SHR, but Obese/SHR manifest unusually high increases incirculating prolactin levels in response to stress. Obese/SHR are hyperinsulinaemic and have subnormal growth-hormone levels. Desite mild hypertension, hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia, Obese/SHR show no evidence of atheromatous change but do develop early polyarteritis nodosa. It is believed that the genetically programmed hypertension and hyperglycaemia is mediated by increased DOC, aldosterone and corticosterone production respectively, and that the obesity, hypertension, and diabetes in Obese/SHR may be likened to human Cushing's disease.
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PMID:Pathophysiological differences between obese and non-obese spontaneously hypertensive rats. 742 76


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