Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Human leucocyte AB antigens were determined by means of a lymphocyte toxicity test in 84 patients with essential hypertension and in 1000 blood donors. 2. The prevalence of HLA B8 was 16.4% in hypertensive patients and 8.9% in controls (P = 0.07). 3. The prevalence of HLA B12 was 34.5% in hypertensive patients and 26.9% in the control group (N.S.). In WHO stage III hypertension HLA B12 was found in six out of 10 patients. 4. The prevalence of HLA B15 was 1.2% in hypertensive patients and 6.4% in controls (P less than 0.05). 5. In view of a previous report of HLA antigens in Spanish diabetic population, this study does not support the suggestion of a genetic and possibly HLA-linked connection between essential hypertension and diabetes mellitus among the Spanish population. 6. A positive family history of hypertension tended to be more common in those patients with essential hypertension associated with HLA B8.
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PMID:HLA antigens in Spanish patients with essential hypertension. 694 68

To study association between juvenile onset diabetes (JOD) and major histocompatibility gene complex, 40 patients with childhood onset diabetes and 120 healthy subjects were typed for HLA. Bw54 was present in 33 percent of the patients with JOD, while it appeared in 8 percent of the controls. Expressed as a relative risk, the antigen Bw54 confers a susceptibility to the development of JOD which is 5.3 times that in the controls. JOD shows a little high degree of association with A9 (78%). However, the A9-antigen is common in the Japanese and appears in 58 percent. Though less striking, the decreased frequency of B12 was 3 percent of JOD, less than 15 percent of the controls (p less than 0.05). There was no association between Bw54 and JOD with family history of diabetes.
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PMID:HLA antigens in juvenile onset diabetes. 746 9

Surface and intracellular membrane distribution and hormonal regulation of transcobalamin II receptor (TC II-R) activity and protein levels have been studied in an effort to understand its regulation of expression in the rat. TC II-R activity and the levels of the 62 kDa monomeric and 124 kDa dimeric forms of TC II-R were highest in the rat kidney and intestine, and in these tissues the receptor expression was not dependent upon the postnatal development of the rat. TC II-R expression was uniform in the various regions of the gut. Surface membrane distribution of TC II-R in the kidney revealed the expression of the 124 kDa dimer form of TC II-R in the apical and basolateral membranes in the ratio of 1:10. Further subcellular distribution of TC II-R in the kidney revealed the expression of the 124 kDa dimer in the intermicrovillar clefts and clathrin-coated vesicles and the 62 kDa monomer in the microsomes. Neither the monomer nor the dimer could be detected in the early endosomes or lysosomes. Membrane TC II-R activity and TC II-R protein levels and cobalamin (Cbl; vitamin B12) transport in vivo were inhibited by about 90% in adrenalectomized rats and all three returned to normal levels by oral treatment of these animals with cortisone acetate. In contrast, thyroidectomy or experimentally induced diabetes had no effect on TC II-R activity or Cbl transport. Based on these observations, we suggest that TC II-R expression is not developmentally or regionally regulated in rat renal and intestinal membranes and its expression in the kidney is asymmetrically distributed between the apical (10%) and basolateral (90%) membranes. In addition, our results also show that the dimerization of TC II-R is a post-microsomal event and that the expression of TC II-R and plasma Cbl transport is regulated by cortisone.
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PMID:Regulation of expression of transcobalamin II receptor in the rat. 757 28

Ocular signs and symptoms provide clinical clues to many of the more common metabolic and nutritional disorders seen in older adults. Diabetes mellitus can affect all parts of the eye and orbit. Complications include refractive visual loss, macular edema, retinopathy, increased risk of fungal infection, and diplopia. In patients with gout, urate crystals may precipitate in the eye and cause conjunctivitis, uveitis, or scleritis. Other problems are seen with Wilson's disease, hyperlipidemia, and albinism. Nutritional disorders usually arise from malabsorption, gastrointestinal surgery, and alcohol abuse. Deficiencies in vitamins A, B1 (thiamine), B12, and C may be manifest in the eye.
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PMID:Clues in the eye: ocular signs of metabolic and nutritional disorders. 760 60

To determine the effect of glycemic control on vitamin B12 (B12) metabolism in diabetes mellitus, we studied B12 metabolism in 19 diabetic patients with poor glycemic control and 15 normal individuals. The diabetic patients had significantly higher total B12 binding capacity (3303 +/- 963 pg/ml), higher serum B12 levels (1173 +/- 503 pg/ml) and unsaturated B12 binding capacity (2131 +/- 902 pg/ml) when compared with the normal controls, but there was no difference in R-binder levels and the B12 binding ratio between the two groups. During a 2-week admission to establish glycemic control, the fructosamine levels in the diabetic patients decreased from 556 to 428 mumol/l and the total B12 binding capacity as well as unsaturated B12 binding capacity were significantly improved to the normal range (P < 0.01), but serum B12 levels, R-binder levels and the B12 binding ratio were not changed. There was a significant association between serum fructosamine levels and the total B12 binding capacity in poorly controlled diabetic patients and the decrease of fructosamine was correlated significantly with the change of total B12 binding capacity and serum B12 levels in diabetic patients. These results indicate the effects of glycemic control on B12 metabolism in diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1994 Aug
PMID:Effect of glycemic control on vitamin B12 metabolism in diabetes mellitus. 783 7

High Homocyst(e)ine levels (H) have been recently recognized as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are prone to atherosclerosis. Therefore, this study was designed to search for the effect of DM on H and their relationship. Forty-one Type 1 diabetic subjects (DS, age 34.8 +/- 12 yr, DM duration: 10.7 +/- 11.1 yr) were compared to 40 age-matched control subject (CS, age 34.2 +/- 9.1 yr). H (measured by ion-exchange chromatography, units: mumol/l) and several parameters (creatininemia; triglycerides; total, HDL, LDL cholesterol; Lp(a); HbA1c; vitamins B9 and B12) were determined after an overnight fast. H were significantly (p = 0.0001) lower in DS (6.8 +/- 2.2) than in CS (9.5 +/- 2.9). This difference was still apparent in male and female subgroups compared to matched CS (p = 0.003 for each). No correlation was found between H and: lipids, vitamins, renal or retinal status. But H seemed to increase with age, especially in women (p = 0.03; r = 0.32). While there is, at this time, no explanation for the lower H observed in DS, it appears that H cannot directly account for accelerated atherosclerosis in DM. Nevertheless, it remains to be established if high, or even normal, H could identify a subgroup of DS at higher risk of precocious and severe atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Type 1 diabetes mellitus and homocyst(e)ine. 785 98

We studied the effect of prostaglandin E1.alpha CD (PGE1) on diabetic peripheral neuropathy by evaluating subjective symptoms and vibration sensation using a new vibrometer (SMV-5). Patients with diabetic neuropathy (n = 38) were divided into three groups; group A received no drugs (control), group B was treated with 1500 micrograms/day of oral methyl vitamin B12 (VB12) for four weeks, and group C received 1.2 micrograms/kg/day PGE1 intravenously for four weeks. There was a close relationship between symptom scores and vibratory threshold (VT). The effect of PGE1 on subjective symptoms and VT were compared with those in groups A and B. Patients who received PGE1 showed a significant improvement rate in pain and hypesthesia compared to patients in groups A and B, and in numbness compared to group A. During the study period, there was no significant change in VT in groups A and B, whereas VT was significantly improved at styloid process (P < 0.05) and at medial malleolus (P < 0.001) in group C. Our results confirmed that PGE1 significantly improved both subjective symptoms and VT, indicating that PGE1 therapy may be useful in diabetic neuropathy.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1994 Jul
PMID:The effect of prostaglandin E1.alpha CD on vibratory threshold determined with the SMV-5 vibrometer in patients with diabetic neuropathy. 798 49

The paper presents data on the cellular and humoral immunity in different periods of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (with the disease standing of 0.5 +/- 0.4 years, group A; 3 +/- 1.8 years, group B; and 15 +/- 4 years, group C). Group A patients presented with the immunity system activation: increased counts of T cells, B lymphocytes, T helpers and T inductors, increased share of active T cells (that is, DR positive ones), elevated content of IgM, IgG, IgA (214 +/- 51 mg%, 1200 +/- 124 mg%, 250 +/- 34 mg%, respectively) as against the reference group (156 +/- 74, 914 +/- 387, 189 +/- 49 mg%, respectively) (p < 0.01). In group B patients, who suffered a longer disease, the immunity parameters were within the normal range, and in group C patients, in whom the disease standing was the longest, these shifts were contrary-wise as against those in group A, that is, T and B cell counts were lowered, as were the counts of T-helpers-inductors, Ig levels, and the phagocytosis index was 65 +/- 5 vs. 85 +/- 10% in the controls (p < 0.05), the phagocytosis level being 4 +/- 2 vs. 10 +/- 2 in the controls (p < 0.05). The authors analyze the association of the HLA system characteristics with the immunity shifts. Patients with the HLA A9, B8, B15, B18, DR3, DR4 presented with significant shifts in the immunity status as against those with the HLA A1, A10, B5, B12, B16, B27, DR5, DR7.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Immunologic characterization of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with varying duration of disease]. 805 69

Experimental diabetes was induced in rats with streptozocin before mating, and the influence of diabetes on epidermal growth factor (EGF) in milk and on other milk components was studied. Throughout the lactation period, a significant decrease was found both in the production of milk and in the concentration of EGF in milk from untreated diabetic rats compared with an insulin-treated diabetic group and a control group. Thus, the total output of EGF in milk from diabetic rats was considerably decreased. The concentrations of total protein and haptocorrin, a cobalamin (vitamin B12)-binding protein, and the content of fat, however, were unaltered by diabetes. Therefore, the decrease in milk EGF seemed to be selective compared with total protein in milk. The pups of diabetic dams had reduced body weights within 1 wk of lactation and reduced body lengths on d 16 of lactation compared with control pups. Furthermore, the time of eyelid opening was delayed, but no difference in the time of tooth eruption was observed. Insulin-treatment of diabetic rats restored the milk volume and the EGF concentration to values comparable to those of the controls. Pups of the insulin-treated diabetic dams were comparable to the pups of the controls. These results indicate that insulin deficiency in lactating rats causes a decrease in the lactational performance and in the EGF content of milk.
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PMID:Decreased level of epidermal growth factor in milk from diabetic rats. 813 87

We determined the vitamin B12 clearance using an ultrafiltration technique and assessed whether the clearance of this vitamin B12 could be used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Fourteen subjects (5 had renal disease, 7 had diabetes mellitus, one had liver cirrhosis and one had cholelithiasis) divided into two groups were studied (group 1, 5 patients without vitamin B12 preloading; group 2, 9 patients with vitamin B12 preloading). Vitamin B12 clearance was significantly correlated with inulin clearance (r = 0.81, p < 0.001) in group 1; group 2 showed an even better correlation (r = 0.94, p < 0.001) with the presaturated vitamin B12 binding protein. In group 2, the mean inulin and vitamin B12 clearance values do not differ significantly (40.3 +/- 13.6 vs 48.2 +/- 17.2 ml/min), but there was a significant difference between mean inulin and creatinine clearance (40.3 +/- 13.6 vs 64.9 +/- 19.9 ml/min, p < 0.05). In conclusion, vitamin B12 clearance appears to be a more reliable method of estimating GFR than creatinine clearance.
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PMID:Measurement of glomerular filtration rate by free vitamin B12 clearance. 832 13


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