Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

HLA antigen typing by lymphocytotoxicity was performed for 2 groups of unrelated caucasian subjects. The first group was composed of 100 subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The second group was composed of 270 healthy subjects without diabetes. Our study has shown that for the inhabitants of Languedoc the BW15 antigen is not the most frequently found (11% of the diabetics, 10% of the healthy subjects) contrary to findings reported by others. The B8 antigen was the most frequently found (20% of the diabetics, 16,3% of the healthy subjects), in agreement with the findings of the same authors. The frequency of BW15 and B8 found simultaneously was increased (observed 3%, expected 1.38%). The principal findings of our study were a significantly increased frequency of Da25 and B18 (23% and 25% for the diabetic subjects, 11.26% and 12.22% for the healthy subjects), and a significantly decreased frequency of A11 and B12 (6% and 18% for the healthy subjects). The association of Da25 and B18 was observed for HLA phenotypes, suggesting a higher incidence of the Da25-B18 haplotype. For the diabetics, the types BW15, BW40 and Da25-B18 have little hereditary character, and are rapidly insulin dependent individuals.
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PMID:HL-A antigens in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 13 29

The relationship between HLA antigens and juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus was examined. Tissue typing for HLA antigens was carried out in 77 control subjects and in 133 individuals from 29 families, each of which contained one or more patients with juvenile-onset diabetes. A significant increase in the frequency of B18 antigen was found in the juvenile-onset index cases. In these index cases, the frequency of HLA antigens B8 and B15 was increased and the frequency of B7 and B12 was decreased, but these findings were not significantly different from those in the control subjects. Two examples of recombinations were noted among the 29 families, and in both instances the recombinations were present in the index case. In this selected population of diabetic patients and their first-degree relatives, there were three siblings (6%) who had juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus. This frequency of diabetes in siblings is much more than would be expected in individuals of the same age group. Two nondiabetic siblings had haplotypes identical to those of a diabetic sibling. These nondiabetic siblings may represent prediabetic individuals. The most frequent haplotype noted in diabetic patients and their first-degree relatives was A1, B8, which was present in approximately 25% of the index cases and first-degree relatives.
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PMID:HLA antigens in patients with juvenile diabetes and their first-degree relatives. 73 54

Lymphocytes of 84 Japanese patients with diabetes mellitus and 150 normal controls were tested for HLA antigens by the microcytotoxicity test. HLA-B12 was found in 37.5 per cent of 32 patients with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus, 13.5 per cent of 52 patients with late-onset diabetes, and 9.3 per cent of 150 normal controls. In the insulin-dependent juvenile form, HLA-B12 was associated with the disease more frequently and at a significant level (p less than 0.0005). In Japanese patients with juvenile-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus the association is with HLA-B12, not with HLA-B8 and BW15, as in Caucasian patients. There was no significant increase of HLA-B12 in patients with insulin-indpendent diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes 1977 Aug
PMID:HLA antigens in Japanese patients with diabetes mellitus. 88 96

Subtotal pancreatectomy in the rat was performed by a new method. Except for a small remnant along the splenal hilus, the gland was completely removed. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was confirmed by fat and nitrogen malabsorption. A moderate diabetes mellitus was seen. Insulin substitution or diet restriction was unnecessary. The absorption of vitamin B12 after oral administration of 10 ng 57CoB12 was 5.0 +/- 0.2 (ng 57CoB12 +/- S.E.M.) in unoperated rats and 5.1 +/- 0.1 in pancreatectomized rats (p greater than 0.5). Pancreatic extract (PE) (100 mg) increased the absorption of 57CoB12 in unoperated rats (p less than 0.01), but not in pancreatectomized rats (p greater than 0.2). PE (300 mg) reduced the absorption in unoperated rats (p less than 0.01). The results indicate that an optimal amount of pancreatic secretion may stimulate the absorption of vitamin B12.
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PMID:The absorption of vitamin B12 after subtotal pancreatectomy in the rat. 99 34

In 11 juvenile diabetics and 13 control subjects, the secretin-pancreozymin test was performed. Duodenal-volume losses were corrected by use of radioactive vitamin B12 as marker substance. As compared to normal subjects, juvenile diabetics had significantly decreased pancreatic outputs of amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and to a lesser degree, of bicarbonate. Clinical evidence of disease of the exocrine pancreas was missing. There was no discernible relationship between the abnormality of external pancreatic function and the duration of diabetes mellitus or the dose of insulin required. Possible factors that may be responsible for the exocrine deficiency of the pancreas in juvenile diabetics are discussed.
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PMID:Exocrine pancreatic function in juvenile diabetics. 113 Mar 59

In a retrospective study is reported on 271 cases of pernicious anaemia which were observed for 30 years. 2 groups of patients could be significantly differed. In the first group the disease appears familiarly and/or is combined with a diabetes mellitus or a disease of the thyroid gland. Its manifestation is 7 years earlier than in the 2nd group, in individual cases without genetic relation. In this a heterologous etiology of the pernicious anaemia is to be seen. On principle in therapy was treated only parenterally and relatively small quantities of vitamin B12 were given. In these cases the results were good. Recidivations appeared only quite infrequently. The life expectancy obtained is altogether high, but it is, however, somewhat under the average of a healthy population of the same age. Despite careful control and early operation the gastric carcinoma more frequently appeared as cause of death than in the average population of the same age, whereas all other tumours were more rarely found.
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PMID:[Late fate of patients with pernicious anemia]. 121 Apr 69

Anamnesis of patients treated for anemia at the Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases in Zabrze in 1984-1988 were analysed. It was found that the incidence of anemia in patients over 60 years of age was significantly higher. Decreased function of hematopoietic system, more frequent deficits of factors indispensable for the normal erythropoiesis, i.e. iron and vitamin B12, and coexisting diseases, especially neoplasms and uremia, predispose to anemia in this age group. Anemia seen in the group of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 was most probably a result of the chronic treatment with sulfonylurea derivatives.
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PMID:[Analysis of the causes and clinical course of anemia in elderly patients]. 143 76

The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose induces a reversible delay of carbohydrate digestion. This action represents a new therapeutic option for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The current investigation is a prospective, randomized double-blind crossover trial in 24 non-insulin dependent diabetics, fairly well controlled on diet alone or diet plus sulphonylurea. In periods of 10 weeks, the patients received successive treatment with acarbose and placebo in random order. A significantly lower HbA1 level and urinary glucose excretion were shown during acarbose as compared to placebo. The other parameters of diabetic control remained unchanged. Acarbose induced no significant alterations in the concentrations of important electrolytes, iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid. Although no major side effects occurred, meteorism and flatulence were frequent complaints. These data suggest that acarbose, in a dosage of 3 x 100 mg/day, is a safe drug, with slight beneficial effect on diabetic metabolic control.
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PMID:Effects of acarbose on carbohydrate metabolism, electrolytes, minerals and vitamins in fairly well-controlled non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 177 45

Partial ileal bypass (PIB) was performed in 8 young adults (5 males and 3 females, mean age 37 +/- 5 years) with a history of vascular surgery (aorto-coronary bypass, ACB, n = 6; stroke, n = 2), presenting with hyperlipidemia (II B: n = 7; IIA: n = 1). None of the patients had diabetes, 2 had mild hypertension, and all were cigarette smokers. Hypolipidemic drugs were discontinued prior to PIB. Following bypass surgery, patients received vitamin B12 injections twice monthly. Total plasma cholesterol (TPC) and total plasma triglycerides (TPT) were assayed at 3 months and 1 year after surgery. The mean follow-up period was 84 months. Mean TPC level was significantly lower (3.96 +/- 0.57 preoperatively vs 2.19 +/- 0.79 (p less than 0.001) and 2.54 +/- 0.76 (p less than 0.01) 3 months and 1 year postsurgery, respectively. Mean TPT level was significantly lower 3 months after the intervention (4.85 +/- 2.37 vs 2.33 +/- 0.62, p. less than 0.02), but not after one year. Similar trends were observed throughout the follow-up period. One of the ACB patients died of drowing, while three others had recurring angina pectoris symptoms. Coronary angiography showed that, despite low TPC levels, coronary artery disease had extended either to other vessels not included in the former bypass, or beyond the anastomoses. Patients with a history of stroke were asymptomatic. PIB is effective in normalizing TPC. Nonetheless, this isolated procedure is insufficient to prevent the evolution of multifactorial atherosclerosis.
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PMID:[Value and limits of bypassing the distal ileum in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia]. 218 95

The streptozotocin-treated diabetic rat was not found to be a suitable animal model for methylmalonic acidaemia as previously described. Urinary methylmalonic acid (MMA) was measured in adult Wistar rats prior to and following injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg). Plasma and tissue MMA levels were measured following the induction of diabetes and compared with data from control rats. MMA levels were determined by a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method (McMurray et al., 1986). Diabetes was confirmed by the 10 x increase in 24 h urine volume; glycosuria; glycaemia; and weight loss. Urinary MMA excreted did not change during the 11 week diabetic period and there was no difference between the pre- and post-diabetic phases (p less than 0.05). Plasma and tissue MMA concentrations were not elevated in this diabetic animal model. Also in contrast to earlier reports, the vitamin B12 levels of the diabetic rats were not elevated compared to controls (p less than 0.05).
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PMID:Streptozotocin-induced diabetes is not a model for methylmalonic acidaemia. 253 41


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