Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of the study is to evaluate thyroid serum levels in a geriatric community to confirm the presence of a low T3 syndrome during normal ageing. The authors consider 413 subjects (125 male and 288 female) admitted to our Geriatric Division. The group affected by thyroid and extrathyroid disease (such us malnutrition, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, etc.) was withdrawn. In the selected patients (271) was operated a statistical evaluation to correlate the hormonal parameters (T3, T4, TSH, FT3, FT4) with age and sex. According to international literature, we confirm a progressive T4 and FT4 reduction (p less than 0.05) during ageing, both in male and in female. These data range within normal values. On the contrary, TSH shows no modifications with age and sex. Unlike all other parameters, T3 presents a more evident decrement with age, confirming a low T3 syndrome.
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PMID:[Profile of thyroid hormones in aging: evaluation of a hospitalized elderly population]. 149 52

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is produced in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) as a 255-amino acid precursor (pro-TRH) with 5 TRH progenitor sequences. Pro-TRH is enzymatically processed to yield TRH and other peptides, which are transported to the median eminence and released into hypophysial portal blood. To elucidate the role of TRH in the control of thyroid function, we studied hypothalamic TRH synthesis and release in many conditions. TRH synthesis and release were assessed by pro-TRH mRNA measurement, and by sampling portal blood or push-pull perfusate, respectively. Destruction of the PVN reduced TRH and TSH secretion dramatically, while electrical stimulation of this nucleus enhanced their release. Hence, the PVN is important for normal TSH secretion. TRH synthesis and release decreased in hyperthyroid rats, but increased in hypothyroid rats. The magnitude of these changes, however, was small compared with alterations in TSH, suggesting that the feedback of thyroid hormones on TSH release is mainly exerted at the pituitary level. TRH synthesis and release increased during cold exposure, and decreased during starvation and diabetes. Thus, altered thyroid function during cold exposure, diabetes and starvation seems due to modified hypothalamic TRH synthesis and release.
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PMID:Regulation of hypothalamic TRH production and release in the rat. 151 60

Diabetes mellitus is frequently associated with reduced levels of TSH, PRL, GH, and gonadotropins. In this study we have wanted to determine whether chemically induced diabetes mellitus is associated with a decreased hypothalamic release of TRH. Male rats were made diabetic with streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/kg), whereas controls received vehicle. After 2 weeks, STZ diabetic rats had 25% lower body weights, 3.5-fold higher blood glucose, and 40-60% lower plasma TSH, T3, and T4 levels than controls. The plasma T4 dialyzable fraction had increased 2.5-fold in STZ diabetic rats, and the plasma free T4 concentration was similar to that in controls. Thus, treatment with STZ results in decreased plasma TSH and T4 levels, but does not reduce free T4 concentrations. The content of TRH in hypothalami of 2-week STZ diabetic rats was similar to that in controls, but in vitro these hypothalami released less TRH than those of control rats. In 2-week STZ diabetic rats, TRH in hypophysial stalk blood was 30% lower than that in control rats. The in vitro TRH secretion from hypothalami of untreated rats was dependent on the glucose concentrations in the incubation medium; increasing the glucose concentration from 10 to 30 mM did not alter TRH secretion, but basal TRH release increased in the absence of glucose. In conclusion, STZ-induced diabetes in the rat is associated with reduced hypothalamic secretion of TRH, which, in turn, may be responsible for the reduced plasma TSH and thyroid hormone levels. Furthermore, it is suggested that the inhibitory effect of STZ-induced diabetes on TRH secretion is probably not due to hyperglycemia.
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PMID:Hypothalamo-hypophysial-thyroid axis in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. 153 Jul 81

In this study the Authors examined the response in growth hormone (GH) to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) administration in a group composed of 29 children (17 males, 12 females) suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) (group 1). All subjects were prepubertal, had a chronological age of 8.82 +/- 1.76 years (m +/- SD), a bone age of 8.60 +/- 1.65 years; the time elapsed since the diagnosis was 2.45 +/- 1.51 years, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was 7.33 +/- 1.80%. Some of the same subjects (all those with a response in GH to TRH higher than 4 ng/ml; no. 11; group 2) were examined again 12-18 months later; as controls, 13 short children were also examined (group 3). All the subjects of the three groups showed a TSH peak ranging from 10-25 microU/ml, whereas GH peak resulted higher than 4 ng/ml ("paradoxical" response) in 6 subject of the group 1 and in an only subjects of the group 2. All the responders of the 3 groups showed a value in HbA1c higher than 8%. A significant difference was not present between males and females in GH and TSH values. Cortisol levels and glycaemia remained almost constant during the performance of the tests. By considering all the groups, TSH and GH values during TRH-test were not correlated with glycaemia, chronological age, bone age, the time elapsed since the diagnosis, height, height velocity, HbA1c values. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that "paradoxical" response in GH to TRH administration was present only in some subjects and particularly in those with a poor metabolic control of the disease.
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PMID:[Growth hormone secretion in response to the administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. 162 73

Serum TSH and free T4 were determined by chemiluminometric assays in 601 women and 285 men aged 85 years from the population study "70-year-old people in Gothenburg, Sweden". For individuals with serum TSH concentration above 6.0 mU/l, "antimicrosomal" antibodies were determined, to assess the etiology of the elevated TSH concentration. Clinical follow-up was done of survivors until the age of 88, and records were inspected also for individuals who died before that age. On the basis of these evaluations the prevalence of previously undetected hypothyroidism was estimated to 4.0% in women and 2.5% in men. Previously undetected hyperthyroidism was found in 2, at the most 4, out of 601 women; in one out of 285 men the diagnosis could not be excluded. Possible confounding factors for the evaluation of TSH and/or free T4 concentrations were analysed by permutation t-test followed by multiple regression analysis, which revealed correlations of log TSH concentration to body mass index (p less than 0.05), serum creatinine concentration (p less than 0.05), and diabetes mellitus (inverse relationship, p less than 0.01). Correlation was found of free T4 concentration to treatment with non-selective beta-blocking agents (p less than 0.001) and digitalis glycosides (p less than 0.01). However, none of the factors influencing TSH and/or free T4 concentrations had any major influence on reference limits, nor could they account for individuals with "out-lier" values.
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PMID:Thyroid dysfunction in 85-year-old men and women. Influence of non-thyroidal illness and drug treatment. 168 84

We investigated thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) degradation in terms of half-life (t1/2) and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) in eight subjects with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) before and after strict metabolic control. The results were compared with those of six healthy control subjects. The basal plasma TRH-IR levels (31 +/- 9 fmoles/ml) were on the lowest normal limit in the IDDM patients and were not considerably changed (24 +/- 10) after strict metabolic control. The basal and delta max rise of TSH to TRH (200 micrograms i.v.) were not significantly different before or after improved metabolic control in IDDM and as compared to controls. The TRH-degradation curves showed similar exponential decay before and after improvement of metabolic control (t1/2: 7.6 +/- 0.4 min and 7.3 +/- 0.3 respectively; 6.5 +/- 0.4 min for the controls). The MCR of exogenously administered TRH in IDDM before (65.5 +/- 8.6 l/m2/day) and after (65.0 +/- 8.9) control was not different compared to the normals (76.5 +/- 9.6). The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) in IDDM before (52.193 +/- 6.773 fmoles.ml-1.min) and after improvement of metabolic control (53.186 +/- 7.856) was slightly higher than in the healthy subjects (40.151 +/- 3.741, n.s.). These findings demonstrate that a) the degradation of exogenous TRH is not dependent on the glucose metabolic state, b) insulin deficient diabetes mellitus does not affect the enzymatic system responsible for TRH degradation and, c) the hypothalamic-pituitary axis appears to be intact in IDDM.
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PMID:Thyrotropin-releasing hormone degradation in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Effects of metabolic control. 172

The influence of the acidotic state on the thyroxine (T4) peripheral metabolism was studied in two different forms of metabolic acidosis, ie infantile diarrhea and diabetic ketoacidosis. The serum concentrations of T4, free T4 (FT4), triiodothyronine (T3), reverse T3 (rT3), thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) were measured and compared to healthy control groups. Lower T4 and T3 and higher rT3 serum concentrations were found in both tested groups of patients in relation to the control groups. In infants with severe metabolic acidosis FT4 values were lower than those observed in the control group. In addition, serum TBG levels were lower in diabetic patients as compared to control subjects. Despite the reduced serum T3 and T4 concentrations in both groups of patients, TSH concentrations, were within the normal range. Therefore, we concluded that acidosis caused either by diarrhea (not so far described) or by diabetes mellitus (well documented up to now) affects the thyroid hormones metabolism in a similar way, at least as far as the thyroid hormones blood levels are concerned.
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PMID:Thyroid hormones changes in infants and children with metabolic acidosis. 176 6

The role of dopaminergic ways in human copulatory activity and the high frequency of impotence in diabetes mellitus are well known. In order to study the involvement of the central dopaminergic tone in diabetic impotence we have evaluated the PRL and TSH response to metoclopramide (MCP 10 mg ev) in 28 diabetic male patients (15 ID including 6 impotent and 13 NID including 5 impotent ) compared with 9 healthy controls. All subjects were investigated for the presence of neuropathy, retinopathy, macroangiopathy, gonadal and thyroid diseases. The PRL response to MCP was greater (p less than 0.05) in impotent patients than in controls at 60' and 90' in ID, and at 30' and 120' in NID. There was no significant difference in TSH increase and in PRL and TSH response areas between the groups considered. In conclusion, the dopaminergic tone is substantially normal in diabetic patients, while some PRL hyperresponsiveness to MCP exists in impotent diabetics.
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PMID:[Evaluation of central dopaminergic tone in diabetes mellitus]. 181 18

Fasting blood samples were collected from 83 patients with histologically proven breast cancer and analysed for plasma glucagon, serum immunoreactive tumour necrosis factor (TNF alpha), insulin, glucose, growth hormone, cortisol and TSH. Samples from patients with known diabetes mellitus or thyroid disease, and those on parenteral nutrition or with evidence of infection were excluded as were patients who had a history of weight loss through dieting or who were anorexic. Fasting plasma glucagon, serum cortisol and immunoreactive TNF alpha concentrations in patients with stage IV breast cancer who had developed weight loss were significantly higher than those in patients with stage IV disease who had not developed weight loss. There were no significant differences in the fasting serum concentrations of insulin, glucose, growth hormone and TSH between the two patient groups. The association between weight loss in stage IV breast cancer and increased concentrations of plasma glucagon, serum cortisol and TNF alpha suggests a possible role for these hormonal factors in the development of cancer cachexia.
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PMID:Hormonal factors associated with weight loss in patients with advanced breast cancer. 195 51

Severe structural changes leading to marked alterations in secretory activity are known to occur in the pituitary-thyroid axis 1 month after induction of postpuberal streptozocin (SZ)-diabetes. However, SZ-diabetic rats of different age groups have not been compared, nor has the maturity of the pituitary and thyroid glands at the onset of diabetes been correlated with the type and evolution of functional and structural changes. We thus induced diabetes in 1-month (prepuberal of 3-month (postpuberal) old male rats and compared diabetic with control groups 4 and 8 months after SZ or saline injection. We determined: 1) pituitary and thyroid weights, 2) the basal plasma TSH, T3, and T4 concentrations, and 3) several morphometrical measurements in the pituitary and thyroid glands. After 4 months, 1) the pituitary and thyroid weights were decreased, 2) plasma TSH and T3 were unchanged, plasma T4 was reduced. and 3) the number of thyrotropes, degenerative changes of follicle cells, and colloid area were increased, the follicle cell height as well as the number of fused cold follicles decreased, and the follicle area was unchanged in diabetic compared with control rats. The lesions were more conspicuous in pre- than in postpuberal diabetic animals. After 8 months, plasma TSH, T3, and T4 were decreased in diabetic compared with control rats. Except for the increased colloid area, all other lesions were similar, though more severe in prepuberal diabetic rats after 8 than 4 months. Few changes were found in postpuberal diabetic rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The age at onset of diabetes influences functional and structural changes in the pituitary-thyroid axis of streptozocin-diabetic male rats. 198 Jan 70


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