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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Injections of rabbit antiserum to rat lymphocytes reversed hyperglycemia in 36 percent of spontaneously diabetic rats (Bio Breeding/Worcester) and prevented diabetes in susceptible nondiabetic controls. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that cell-mediated autoimmunity plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes in this animal model that mimics many morpholigic and physiologic characteristics of human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Science 1979 Dec 21
PMID:Spontaneous diabetes mellitus: reversal and prevention in the BB/W rat with antiserum to rat lymphocytes. 38 19

The effect of variations in kind and amount of dietary carbohydrate on plasma glucose and insulin responses was studied in normal subjects and in patients with chemical diabetes. Plasma glucose and insulin responses fell when the proportion of total calories given as carbohydrate were decreased by 15% (coincidental with a comparable increase in dietary fat). Associated with the lower plasma glucose and insulin concentrations was a fall in fasting and postprandial triglyceride levels. Plasma glucose and insulin responses were also lower when equivalent carbohydrate challenges were given as part of a mixed meal, as compared to a drink. Furthermore, carbohydrate given as starch also led to an attenuated glucose and insulin response when compared to an equivalent amount of glucose administered as either dextrose or sucrose. Finally, significant differences were also seen after the ingestion of different kinds of starch, with potato being the most like dextrose, and rice the least. These results indicate that differences in amount and kind of ingested carbohydrate can modify ensuing plasma glucose and insulin responses, and raise the possibility that such dietary manipulation may have some therapeutic utility in patients with abnormal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
Am J Clin Nutr 1979 Dec
PMID:Effects of differences in amount and kind of dietary carbohydrate on plasma glucose and insulin responses in man. 38 23


Diabetes 1979 Dec
PMID:Ionic basis of phenytoin sodium inhibition of insulin secretion in pancreatic islets. 38 14

A possible role for fibroblasts in promoting the survival and function of islet B cells in tissue culture was examined by the addition of fibroblasts from a mouse embryo cell line (3T3-L2) to islet cell monolayer cultures prepared from newborn rat pancreases. Co-culture of islet cells with fibroblasts significantly increased the recovery of insulin in medium and cells after 7 days of culture in medium supplemented with 10% serum, and prevented the deterioration of islet cells cultured in serum-free medium. Similarly- serum-free medium, conditioned by cultures of either 3T3-L2 fibroblasts or fibroblasts freshly isolated from newborn rat pancreases, maintained the release and content of insulin in islet cell monolayer cultures at levels four- to eightfold higher than in control serum-free medium. Serum-free, fibroblast-conditioned medium also enhanced the survival of intact islets maintained in free-floating culture for 28 days. The active factor(s) in fibroblast-conditioned medium has a high molecular weight and is heat-stable. We conclude that fibroblastic cells produce a macromolecular factor(s) capable of enhancing the survival of functional islet B cells in tissue culture.
Diabetes 1979 Dec
PMID:Factors from fibroblasts promote pancreatic islet B cell survival in tissue culture. 38 15

Are long-term complications secondary to diabetes or do they appear independently? This question has an important bearing, particularly for the physician and the patient who must achieve optimum control of hyperglycemia. Over the last 10 years, many epidemiological and biochemical studies have shown close links between hyperglycemia and the wide range of factors involved in the development of long-term complications.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1979 Dec 01
PMID:[Hyperglycemia and diabetic complications]. 39 Jun 94

The ultimate object of all types of dietary management before the introduction of insulin was to prevent emaciation and death: the consequences of metabolic derangements due to lack of insulin. Now, while dietary therapy continues to be important in minimizing the requirement for endogenous insulin or in balancing administered insulin, the major objects are changing to prevention of large vessel and microvascular disease. The next decade will probably see a more widespread introduction of diets containing a lower proportion of energy derived from fat. The increased carbohydrate intake will almost inevitably result in increased dietary fibre intake. Whether David Jenkins' Lente carbohydrate foods (those containing viscous unabsorbable polysaccharides) will prove to be of lasting value is not yet known. Since galactomannans occur in legumes perhaps we should consider the possibility of diets containing large proportions of legumes: a twentieth century 'Legume cure'? If this should prove of value it would not have excited ancient Indian physicians who wrote (in the Caraka-Samita) of their use of legumes in the treatment of glycosuria, at least as early as the first century AD, before Aretaeus had applied the term diabetes.
Proc Nutr Soc 1979 Dec
PMID:The dietary management of diabetes in adults. 39 52

Granulocytic defence against bacterial infection has been studied in a group of diabetic patients. With the skin chamber method markedly reduced leukocyte mobilization in vivo which was independent of metabolic compensation was found in all diabetic patients. Investigation of phagocytic function of Latex particles and bacterial killing of E. coli revealed firm dependence on metabolic regulation: in decompensated diabetes mellitus the two function tests were clearly pathological, whereas in the compensated metabolism there was no difference between normal individuals and diabetics. Thus, on granulocytic defence pathway analysis, this appears to confirm that reduction of infection depends on how diabetes is controlled.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1979 Dec 08
PMID:[Granulocyte defence against bacterial infection in diabetes mellitus with special reference to bactericidal activity]. 39 21

The pancreatic polypeptide (PP) response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was studied in 18 juvenile diabetics and was calculated as the difference between the prestimulatory PP concentration and the maximal concentration measured. The response was severely impaired in patients with autonomic neuropathy (mean +/- SE of mean 22 +/- 12 pmol/l) as compared with patients without neuropathy (252 +/- 51 pmol/l). Patients whose diabetes was of only a few years' duration showed a normal PP response to hypoglycaemia, and the response diminished significantly with increasing duration of diabetes. The decreased PP response to hypoglycaemia was significantly correlated with an increased threshold of the sense of vibration, (rs = 0.86). These results suggest that impaired, secretion of PP may serve as an early sign of autonomic neuropathy in diabetes.
Br Med J 1979 Dec 15
PMID:Impaired response of pancreatic polypeptide to hypoglycaemia: an early sign of autonomic neuropathy in diabetics. 39 98

We have investigated the use of a glucose-controlled insulin infusion system, or artificial beta cell. On the feedback day, mean plasma glucose was significantly effect of improved control on plasma glucagon levels. Five insulin-requiring diabetic subjects in stable control were hospitalized for two 24 h periods. During one, they were given their usual dose(s) of subcutaneous insulin. In the other, the 'feedback' day, insulin administration was under feedback control by the artificial beta cell. One the feedback day, mean plasma glucose was significantly-lower in all subjects. Variability in plasma glucose throughout the day was also significantly less on the feedback day. All five subjects showed a significant fall in serum immunoreactive glucagon levels on the feedback day, suggesting that the glucagon abnormalities of diabetes may be secondary to the insulin deficiency, rather than a second primary defect of diabetes.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1979 Dec
PMID:An 'artificial beta cell' for control of diabetes mellitus: effect on plasma glucagon levels. 39 85

Insulin dependent (IDD) and non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDD) are separate disorders. Twin studies show that IDD cannot be entirely due to genetic causes as concordance is no more than about 50%, but there is some inherited predisposition to it as shown by HLA patterns. NIDD, on the other hand, is predominantly due to genetic causes since identical twins are nearly always concordant. Many cases of NIDD show chlorpropamide alcohol flushing (CPAF), a dominantly inherited feature which may precede the appearance of diabetes and thus act as a genetic marker for this type of diabetes. Diabetics who show chlorpropamide acohol flushing are less likely to develop retinopathy than those who do not. Genetic factors must therefore affect the incidence and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Chlorpropamide alcohol flushing is due to sensitivity to enkephalin. Enkephalin and other opioids affect carbohydrate metabolism and insulin release. It is possible therefore that they act as neurotransmitters and cause NIDD by a sympathetically mediated effect on the liver and pancreas--in other words, that as far as NIDD is concerned Claude Bernard's views on the cause of diabetes may have been right.
Diabetologia 1979 Dec
PMID:Diabetes: the genetic connections. 39


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