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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thyroid hormone picture of 28 patients (15 males and 13 females), mean age 56.6 yr (range 45-65 yr), with seriously decompensated type II diabetes mellitus has been studied. In each patient the study was repeated after 3 months of treatment of diabetes. The patients showed significantly lower serum T3 levels and significantly higher serum rT3 levels (P less than 0.001), in comparison with a group of 16 normoglicemic subjects. After 3 months of strict control of diabetes T3 and FT3 significantly increased (P less than 0.01), whereas significant variations of rT3 were not found. Among the whole group of diabetics 5 patients had low levels of serum T4 (P less than 0.01 vs. controls), high levels of serum TSH (P less than 0.001 vs. controls) and an exaggerated responsiveness to exogenous TRH (P less than 0.001 vs. controls). After the 3 months of treatment these patients showed a significant decrease of rT3 (P less than 0.02) and of delta-TSH (P less than 0.01). In the whole group of diabetics significant statistical correlations between glycometabolic and thyroid parameters were not found. The study, on the whole, showed in patients with seriously decompensated type II diabetes, a hormone picture like the low-T3 syndrome, in some cases, however, pituitary TSH secretion suggested the existence of incipient failure of thyroid hormones. A connection between alterations in thyroid hormone picture and glycometabolic imbalance, even statistically labile, is however indicated by improvement of thyroid function when diabetes is carefully controlled.
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PMID:[Changes in the thyroid hormone picture that may be found in severely decompensated type II diabetics]. 200 Jan 80

The thyroid gland and pancreas were ultrasonographically examined in order to determine their normal sizes in children. In 418 healthy children the thickness and width of the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland were measured at the transverse section of the neck. In 145 healthy children the long axis and short axis diameters of the profile of the head and body of the pancreas were measured by the sagittal scanning at the epigastrium. The mean +/- standard deviations as a function of height was determined as the normal size in children. In 23 patients with congenital hypothyroidism and hyperthyropinanemia ultrasonographic findings of the thyroid gland were classified into 4 groups: large thyroid gland image, normal thyroid gland image, small thyroid gland image, and no image of the thyroid gland. The patients in the no image of the thyroid gland group revealed extremely high serum thyrotropin level at the initial diagnosis, and they needed a total replacement dose of l-T4. Thyroid scintigraphy was carried out in 7 of the 23 patients. The ultrasonographic findings coincided with the scintigrams in all 7 patients. We concluded that no image of the thyroid gland by ultrasonography was in accord with thyroid aplasia or ectopic thyroid gland, and large thyroid gland image by ultrasonography was goitorous congenital hypothyroidism. In 18 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) the size of the pancreas was smaller than in the healthy controls. However there was no correlation between the size of the pancreas and clinical parameters, such as duration of IDDM, mean HbA1 and the insulin dose. In 31 patients with growth hormone deficiency undergoing growth hormone therapy, pancreas size was not different from the healthy controls. Thus it was suggested that in IDDM patients the size of the pancreas was small at the time of onset, and that the growth hormone had morphologically no influence on the pancreas in patients with growth hormone deficiency.
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PMID:[Ultrasonography of the thyroid gland and the pancreas in healthy children and in patients with endocrinological disease]. 200 37

Insulin-dependent diabetes is associated with other autoimmune diseases and subclinical hypothyroidism has been reported in pregnant diabetic women. We studied the thyroid function of 85 women with diabetes during pregnancy and after delivery, as well as various autoantibodies. During pregnancy, thyroid microsomal antibodies were present in 17/85, antibodies against thyroid peroxidase in 16/85, thyroglobulin antibodies in 2/85, parietal cell antibodies in 23/85, adrenal antibodies in 4/77, rheumatoid factor in 15/85, and thyroid-stimulating antibodies in 43/85. Presence of antibodies was not combined with thyroid dysfunction, but TSH and HbA1c was increased (p less than 0.005) in women with thyroid antibodies. The gestational age of the infants was lower (p less than 0.01) in women with positive thyroid-stimulating antibody titre, whereas the ponderal index was only lower in those with peroxidase antibodies (p less than 0.05). After delivery, microsomal and peroxidase antibodies were positive in 10 (17.5%) of 57 patients followed. Six women developed postpartum thyroiditis (10.5%), of whom 5 were positive for both microsomal and peroxidase antibodies; two of those showing a hyperthyroid phase also had positive thyroid-stimulating antibody titre. We conclude that autoantibodies occur with increased incidence in pregnant diabetic women. Thyroid antibodies are related to a slightly reduced thyroid capacity and involve a high risk of postpartum thyroiditis. Further, thyroid antibodies seem to influence the nutritional status of the infant.
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PMID:Thyroid function and autoimmune manifestations in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus during and after pregnancy. 202 11

Thyroid disfunction in the aged is often misdiagnosed either due to scanty symptoms, masking by other ailments or because function tests can be altered by extrathyroid causes such as chronic diseases, drugs or undernutrition. We surveyed 93 patients from 60 to 104 years old (73 females) living in geriatric homes. Most received at least 2 drugs for control of hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes, parkinsonism or psycho-organic deterioration. No clinical evidence of thyroid disfunction was found in 75 patients. T3 was 73.6 +/- 25.5 ng/dl, T4 7.3 +/- 1.8 micrograms/dl, TSH 2.8 +/- 0.9 uU/ml and rT3 32.2 +/- 16.3 ng/dl. Antimicrosomal antibodies were negative in all. Significant differences were found comparing these values with those obtained in 26 normal adults with mean age 39.9 years: T3 was lower and TSH and rT3 were higher in the elderly (p less than 0.0001). T3 decreased and rT3 increased in relation to age and males had significantly lower values of T3, T4 and TSH than females. Some evidence of thyroid disfunction was present in the remaining 18 patients: 9 had multinodular and/or positive antimicrosomal antibodies with euthyroid hormone levels; 6 had elevated T3, T4 and fT4 so hyperthyroidism was suspected; the remaining 3 patients had TSH levels above 20 uU/ml indicating the presence of hypothyroidism of which only one had some clinical manifestation. Thus, thyroid disfunction in the elderly + is not uncommon (3.2% of hyperthyroidism and 2.6% hypothyroidism in this series) in the absence of clinical manifestation. Treatment may improve the quality of life in these patients.
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PMID:[Problems in the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction of the elderly adult]. 213 50

Another autoimmune disease was found to accompany insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in 14% of the young diabetics (n = 14) studied. Thyroid autoimmune disease was the most common of the accompanying autoimmune diseases, and was detected in 11% (n = 15) of the patients. Two thirds of the IDDM patients with autoimmune thyroiditis were hypothyroid, one was hyperthyroid, and 20% lacked detectable thyroid antibodies when thyroid disease was diagnosed. Coeliac disease was found in 2% of the patients, and one had Addison's disease. Autoantibodies were found in one third of the patients. Thyroid microsomal antibodies were detected in 22% of the patients, IgA anti-gliadin in 11%, gastric parietal cell antibodies in 3% and rheumatoid factor in 7%. Autoimmune disease and the relevant autoantibodies coexisted in 11% of the patients. Autoimmune disorders and autoantibodies were not associated to any particular HLA type. The distribution of the HLA-types in the patients was unusual in that the frequency of HLA-DR3 was not increased. The value of autoantibody tests in the diagnosis of functional disorders of the thyroid and of coeliac disease are discussed.
Diabetes Res 1990 Apr
PMID:Autoantibodies and autoimmune diseases in young diabetics. 213 5

Rubella virus is a possible environmental agent which may be involved in triggering autoimmunity to pancreatic islet cells, leading to Type 1 diabetes. Autoantibody responses were determined in 239 10-year-old girls who received live attenuated rubella vaccine, of whom 61 (26%) had no pre-existing rubella immunity. Islet cell antibodies (ICA greater than 5 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation (JDF) units) were present in seven (2.9%) girls before vaccination, and they appeared in three more 6 weeks after vaccination (4.2%). However, the ICA levels were low in all cases and of the three girls who developed ICA greater than 5 JDF units 6 weeks post-vaccination, none had detectable ICA 18 months later. IgG-insulin autoantibodies were present in 17 (7.1%) girls before vaccination, and their prevalence decreased after vaccination (5.4%). Thyroid antibodies (thyroglobulin and microsomal) were present in 2% and 1%, respectively, of the girls before vaccination and none appeared afterwards. Thus, rubella vaccination did not elicit widespread endocrine autoantibody production and viral triggering of endocrine autoimmunity in susceptible subjects remains an open question.
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PMID:Does exposure to rubella virus generate endocrine autoimmunity? 214 69

1. The influence of alloxan-induced diabetes was studied on spontaneously beating rat atria. Diabetic atria were found to have decreased rates, increased contractility and decreased responsiveness to both inotropic and chronotropic effects of isoprenaline. 2. Thyroid hormone levels were significantly reduced in diabetic animals. This revealed that the decrease in atrial beta-adrenergic responses was associated with a reduction in serum levels of thyroid hormones. 3. Insulin treatment of diabetic rats for 10 days corrected the changes observed in diabetic atria. Serum levels of thyroid hormones returned to normal following insulin treatment as well. 4. Administration of insulin to thyroidectomized-diabetic rats did not reverse the diabetes-induced changes suggesting that thyroid hormones are needed for insulin to normalize the alterations observed in diabetic atria.
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PMID:Thyroid hormones mediated effect of insulin on alloxan diabetic rat atria. 217 37

We previously showed that for Singapore diabetics, a low prevalence of islet cell antibodies (ICA) and insulin autoantibodies (IAA) were observed, unlike the high prevalence rates in Caucasian populations. In this report, we have measured other autoimmune markers (thyroid autoantibodies, thyrotrophin [TSH] receptor antibodies, rheumatoid factor and anti-dsDNA antibodies) to assess the extent of autoimmunity in our newly diagnosed diabetes patients and those with long-standing diabetes. Results indicate that there is a raised prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in diabetics compared to the general population. Thyroid autoantibodies occurred in 24.3% (28/115) of the patients; thyroid microsomal antibodies (16.5%, 19/115) was much higher than for thyroglobulin antibodies (1.7%, 2/115). Prevalence rates of thyroid autoantibodies were lower in diabetics who were newly diagnosed (21.6%, 11/51), compared to those with long-standing disease (25.5%, 14/55). Three patients (3/9) with gestational diabetes were also positive for thyroid autoantibodies. TSH receptor antibodies associated with Graves' disease, were found in two patients. However, they also had thyrotoxicosis. Five patients (4.3%, 5/115) were detected with rheumatoid factor, but were clinically asymptomatic. Anti-dsDNA antibodies were not detected in any of the subjects. The presentation of thyroid autoantibodies or rheumatoid factor with age did not coincide with diabetes-associated ICA and IAA. It may mean that inspite of prevalence of subclinical autoimmunity in diabetes, autoimmunity against beta-cell lesions is not associated with the overall autoimmune tendency in our diabetes.
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PMID:Humoral immune abnormalities in diabetes mellitus. 222 99

The authors have elaborated a statistic survey about the pregnant women with endocrinopathies, that they have examined in the outpatient clinic from January of 1980 to December of 1988. Three hundred and twenty four women were examined in an amount of 2152 (two thousand one hundred and fifty two) observations. The incidence for 100 births was 0.54%. Maternal and fetal mobility and mortality were analysed in correlation with the maternal area of endocrinopathy (Diabetes Mellitus, Thyroid, Hypophysis and Adrenal Glands) and with the necessary therapeutic regimens. At last the A.A. made some considerations about the importance of a team approach in this area of medical care, and applied to the clinicians who work in primary care, to a better collaboration.
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PMID:[Pregnancy and endocrinopathy. Activity, pathology and results at the outpatient obstetrics-endocrinology clinics of the University of Coimbra Hospitals--January 1980 through December 1988]. 227 15

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of screening for thyroid disease by performing thyroid function tests and measuring thyroid autoantibodies in 371 children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We analyzed clinical data and results of serum thyroxine, triiodothyronine uptake, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and antibodies to thyroid microsomal antigen and thyroglobulin. Goiter was noted in 20% of subjects. Thyroid-specific autoantibody was positive in 19% of subjects. Twenty-seven subjects (7%) had thyroid dysfunction. Autoantibody testing identified subjects with thyroid dysfunction with a sensitivity of 50%, a specificity of 84%, a degree of misclassification of 17%, a positive predictive value of 13%, and a negative predictive value of 97%. We recommend that all children and adolescents be screened shortly after diagnosis of IDDM by determination of thyroid-stimulating hormone (measured by high-sensitivity assay) to identify thyroid dysfunction and by testing for antibody to thyroid microsomal antigen to characterize both risk of future thyroid dysfunction and the need for future testing.
Diabetes Care 1990 Jul
PMID:Screening for thyroid disease in children with IDDM. 179 99


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