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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies of rats with experimental streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes at 4 months have identified sciatic nerve trunk oligemia and hypoxia, but it is uncertain how early these abnormalities develop or which develops first. We studied young (4-week-old) rats after 6 or 16 weeks of STZ-induced diabetes (or after citrate buffer injection in controls) by recording multi-fiber conduction in three different nerve territories and by measuring sciatic endoneurial blood flow (NBF) and oxygen tension (PnO2) at end point. To evaluate the impact of sympathectomy on this diabetic model, separate animal groups were treated for 5 weeks with guanethidine monosulfate given at the onset of diabetes (group 1, end point 6 weeks) or after 6 weeks of diabetes (group 2, end point 16 weeks). Diabetes was associated with deficits in sensory and motor caudal conduction and increased resistance to ischemic conduction failure (RICF). NBF was comparable to control animals at both time points and was within the published normal range of NBF. In contrast, oxygen tensions were shifted to lower values in diabetic animals. Sympathectomy was associated with blunting of the RICF increase in group 2 but worsened caudal sensory conduction despite evidence of modest improvement in sciatic nerve oxygenation. Our findings support the concept that neuropathy occurs early in diabetes and that hypoxia develops before oligemia. Sympathectomy did not benefit this diabetic model.
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PMID:Normal blood flow but lower oxygen tension in diabetes of young rats: microenvironment and the influence of sympathectomy. 142 7

In diabetic animals, reduced endoneurial perfusion and oxygen content have been linked to neuropathic abnormalities and might be amenable to pharmacological manipulation. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, we studied the influence of guanethidine adrenergic sympathectomy, indomethacin treatment and a combined strategy on: serial in vivo motor and sensory conduction, resistance to ischemic conduction failure, in vitro myelinated and unmyelinated conduction, endoneurial perfusion and endoneurial oxygen tension. Unlike previous work diabetic animals had normal endoneurial perfusion but lower endoneurial oxygen tensions after six months of hyperglycemia. Guanethidine worsened sensory conduction despite lower microvascular resistance and an improvement in endoneurial oxygen tension. In contrast, indomethacin improved motor and sensory conduction but not oxygen tension. These studies do not support a linkage between conduction deficits and early endoneurial microangiopathy in experimental diabetes. Indomethacin, or related agents may offer a new therapeutic approach toward diabetic neuropathy through a mechanism independent of the endoneurial microvasculature.
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PMID:The influence of indomethacin and guanethidine on experimental streptozotocin diabetic neuropathy. 142 41

The aim of the study described here was to evaluate aerobic function during exercise and its determinants in middle-aged men with newly diagnosed Type 2 (non insulin-dependent) diabetes. Using breath-by-breath technique, we measured O2 uptake at anaerobic (ventilatory) threshold and at peak exercise in a group of diabetic men (n = 19; fasting blood glucose 8.6 +/- 0.7 mmol l-1, mean +/- SEM) without any disease or medication that could have had an influence on exercise performance, and compared the results to those observed in non-diabetic healthy control men (n = 18). There were no differences in physical activity or smoking habits between the groups. Oxygen uptake was lower in the diabetic men than in the control men both at anaerobic threshold (15.0 +/- 0.8 vs. 18.8 +/- 1.0 ml min-1 kg-1, P < 0.01) and at peak exercise (25.3 +/- 1.5 vs. 31.1 +/- 1.4 ml min-1 kg-1, P < 0.01). In the diabetic men peak O2 uptake showed an inverse linear correlation with age (r = -0.71, P < or = 0.001), fasting blood glucose (r = -0.49, P < 0.05) and glucose response in an oral glucose tolerance test (r = -0.43, P < 0.05). In addition, long-term smoking was associated with impaired peak O2 uptake. In a stepwise multiple regression procedure 75% of the total variance of peak O2 uptake in the diabetic men was explained by age, post-load blood glucose response and smoking history. Thus, in addition to ageing and smoking, hyperglycaemia is correlated with impaired aerobic power in men with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes.
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PMID:Relationship between hyperglycaemia and aerobic power in men with newly diagnosed type 2 (non insulin-dependent) diabetes. 142 84

High L-ascorbic acid (AA) levels in aqueous humor and intraocular tissues including lens and cornea are thought to protect against the harmful effects of the photochemical and ambient oxidation reactions involving oxygen and its radicals. Our pulse-chase studies follow a bolus of radiolabeled test molecules including [14C]L-ascorbic acid and [3H]L-glucose (L-glu) introduced into the blood at time t = 0, and determine the time-dependent concentrations of these labeled molecules as they move into aqueous humor, corneal endothelium and stroma tissues. Calculated entry and exit rate constants provide a representative measure of the functional state of passive and carrier mediated transport mechanisms in situ in normal and diabetic animals. Diabetic rats were categorized in terms of length of time exposed to a uniform, monitored streptozotocin (stz) diabetes as: short term (10-20 days); mid-term (40-60 days); and long term (100+ days). In the rat, we observed little change in entry rate of L-glu (a passive marker) into aqueous humor [control Ki = 0.0216 +/- 0.0021 (n = 14)/mid-term stz-diabetes Ki = 0.0202 +/- 0.0027 (n = 10)] and a modest decrease in the entry rate of AA into aqueous humor [control KAi = 0.0231 +/- 0.0022 (n = 14)/mid-term stz-diabetes KAi = 0.0201 +/- 0.0034 (n = 10)]. At corneal endothelium, we noted a significant decrease in the active movement of AA [control KE = 0.614 +/- 0.053 (n = 14)/mid-term stz-diabetes KE = 0.220 +/- 0.026 (n = 9)] while the passive L-glu entry rate remained essentially unchanged.+
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PMID:Decreased ascorbic acid entry into cornea of streptozotocin-diabetic rats and guinea-pigs. 142 66

The management of pyoderma gangrenosum often requires systemic drug therapy, such as corticosteroids, sulfones, or immunosuppressants, either alone or in combination. Inconsistent response to therapy is a source of frustration to both patient and physician. Several reports in the literature document the successful treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. In our patient, a woman with severe rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus, hyperbaric oxygen therapy not only promoted healing of pyoderma gangrenosum but permitted reduction of systemic corticosteroids.
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PMID:Pyoderma gangrenosum treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. 142 56

From January 1985 through January 1990, 244 patients (168 males, 76 females, mean age: 69 +/- 14 years) received epidural spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of advanced, nonreconstructable, peripheral vascular disease of the lower limbs due to atherosclerosis in 180 patients, atherosclerosis and/or diabetes in 49, and thromboangiitis obliterans in 15 patients: previous surgery included 101 bypass-grafts in 70 patients, 51% of which below the knee, and 117 sympathectomies in 113 patients as the last resource in face of distal peripheral vascular disease of the lower limbs. Mean ankle-to brachial systolic pressure ratio was .31 +/- .34 on symptomatic limbs; due to pain and advanced disease, walking capacity was assessed in only 151 patients, either on treadmill in 25, or in a metered corridor in 126; angiogram of the lower limbs was performed in every patient unless one not older than three months was readily available; pain at rest was assessed after an analogical scale; partial transcutaneous oxygen tension was measured on the dorsum of the fore-foot of 77 symptomatic limbs (mean: 13.35 +/- 14 mmHg). According to clinical and functional evaluation, 18 patients had exertional ischemia (group I), 87 had permanent ischemia with pain at rest and no tissue loss (group II), and 139 had chronic tissue loss (group III), including 93 ischemic ulcers (mean surface: 3.7 cm2, mean duration: 3.5 months) in 88 patients, 27 limited gangrene, and 24 previous limited non-healing distal amputation. After temporary spinal cord stimulation at T12-L1 level (mean duration: 9 +/- 4 days) with a percutaneous quadripolar electrode lead had allowed for selection of responders, 212 patients received an implantable neurostimulator.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Electric stimulation of the spinal cord in arterial diseases of the legs. A multicenter study of 244 patients]. 143 7

In a group of 33 patients affected by diabetes mellitus transcutaneous oxygen tension (PtcO2) was measured by means of a Clark polarographic electrode. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the symptoms and/or to the clinical findings: group A: paresthesia (22 limbs); group B: claudication (6 limbs); group C: rest pain and/or necrosis (13 limbs). Moreover, group C was divided into: C1 trophic neuropathy lesion (7 limbs) and C2 trophic ischemic lesion (6 limbs). Our data point out that there is a statistically significant difference between mean PtcO2 values in limbs with trophic ischemic lesions versus the other 3 groups. Therefore, PtcO2 is particularly indicated and useful in the study of diabetic patients with peripheral vascular disease where integrates the other instrumental noninvasive techniques.
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PMID:[Transcutaneous oximetry in symptomatic diabetics]. 143 97

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cardiorespiratory and metabolic response to exercise in 33 children, aged 9 to 15 years, affected by type I diabetes mellitus, in comparison with 47 age-, sex-, weight-, and height-matched healthy children. All diabetic children were on a mixed split-dose insulin regimen, consisting of both regular and long-acting insulin in the morning and evening. The last insulin injection was administered on average 6 hours before the test. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 5.0 +/- 3.1 years. The metabolic control was evaluated on the basis of HbA1 levels (mean, 8.9 +/- 1.8%). Pulmonary function tests and progressive exercise tests on the treadmill were performed. Gas exchange, ventilation, and heart rate (HR) were monitored during the tests. The O2 pulse (VO2/HR) was calculated. There was no difference in the baseline oxygen uptake (VO2) between the diabetic children and the control group. VO2 peak was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) in the diabetic adolescents (41.2 +/- 5.9 mL/min/kg) compared to control subjects (46.3 +/- 9.6 mL/min/kg) and it was achieved at an earlier (P less than 0.01) time of run (7.5 +/- 1.8 vs. 9.1 +/- 2.8 min). Anaerobic threshold and minute ventilation were similar in the two groups. The O2 pulse throughout the test was significantly lower (ANOVA, P less than 0.001) in the diabetic group compared to the controls. No differences were found in resting and post-exercise spirometric values. In conclusion, our study shows that well-controlled diabetic adolescents have a reduced working capacity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Gas exchange during exercise in diabetic children. 143 29

Under conditions closely approximating those in vivo (100 mM sodium carbonate pH 7.3 with 0.9% NaCl, 37 degrees C), antithrombin III (AT III) and the C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) are inactivated by methylglyoxal (MG) with pseudofirst-order kinetics and second-order rate constants of 25.2 and 7.8 M-1 min-1, respectively. A study of the functional status of neutrophils from patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) prompts an idea that under hyperglycemia in the diabetic organism the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PML) endure 'arousal' that is identical or analogous to their activation. Indeed, nonstimulated PML from DM patients display (i) an almost sixfold higher luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and (ii) a double rate of oxygen uptake as compared with those from healthy donors, and (iii) are capable of MG formation in the presence of acetoacetate, which in vivo may be an additional source of this inactivator of AT III and C1-INH in diabetic patients. Conditions leading to ketosis or lactic acidosis are discussed, and a probable scenario is proposed for the organismic deterioration in DM.
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PMID:Antithrombin III, C1 inhibitor, methylglyoxal, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the development of vascular complications in diabetes mellitus. 144 May 21

Oxygen free radicals have been implicated as mediators of pancreatic islet beta cell damage in autoimmune, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). In this study, we show that the antioxidant, probucol, produced only a small decrease in diabetes incidence in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, an animal model for human IDDM. However, combination of probucol with the antiinflammatory corticosteroid, deflazacort, produced an early synergistic effect, delaying diabetes onset by 3 weeks, and a later additive effect, decreasing diabetes incidence from 68% (17 of 25 mice) to 23% (6 of 26 mice, p < 0.005). Protection against diabetes by the combination of probucol and deflazacort was associated with a significant decrease in pancreatic islet infiltration by macrophages/lymphocytes (insulitis) and prevention of islet beta cell loss.
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PMID:Combination therapy with an antioxidant and a corticosteroid prevents autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. 145 77


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