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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The-Polarographic method was applied to the study of free oxygen tension (PO2) in the subcutaneous cellular tissue and the muscle of the arm in 104 patients suffering from diabetes mellitus without any concomitant pathology of the lungs and in 25 healthy persons. At the period of decompensation of diabetes mellitus (in the patients without any concomitant diseases of the lungs) PO2 was decreased in the subcutaneous cellular tissue by the average of 42% in comparison with the norm, and in the skeletal muscle of the arm--by 38%. The most frequently (and more significant) was tissue hypoxia in complicated diabetes, particularly in ketacidosis. Effective treatment led to an elevation of PO2 in the tissues of the great majority of the patients; in some of the patients it became normal.
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PMID:[Tissue oxygenation and tissue hypoxia in diabetes mellitus]. 82 79

1. In the rat heart muscle, only 3 to 4% of the oxygen-consumption can be referred to xylitol utilization. With xylitol as only substrate the heart is working under substrate deficiency conditions. 2. Diabetes mellitus does not improve the xylitol utilization in the rat heart muscle. 3. The data are compared with the activities of xylitol degrading enzymes in the heart muscle.
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PMID:[Utilization of xylitol in the isolation-perfused myocardium of the rat]. 96 Jul 91

Hemoglobin AIc, a normal minor hemoglobin, has glucose linked by a Schiff base to the N-terminal end of the beta chain. The glucose interferes with the binding of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate, probably resulting in an increased affinity of that hemoglobin for oxygen. Hb AIc is increased to twice normal levels in juvenile-onset (insulin-dependent) diabetes. In the present studies, the Hb AIc, when expressed as per cent of total hemoglobin, was found to be elevated slightly in pregnany normal (m = 6.97 per cent), pregnant nondiabetic obese (m = 6.89 per cent), and gestationally diabetic subjects (m = 8.77 per cent) above that of normal females (m = 5.68 per cent). A remarkable difference was observed between the nonpregnant diabetics (m = 12.77 per cent) and the pregnant diabetics (m = 8.46 per cent). This decrease in the level of Hb AIc in diabetics who are pregnant more than 30 weeks may reflect either a better state of diabetic control and/or a compensatory mechanism to protect the fetus by facilitating oxygen exchange from mother to fetus.
Diabetes 1976 Dec
PMID:Effects of pregnancy on hemoglobin AIc in normal, gestational diabetic, and diabetic women. 99 31

Experiments demonstrated that in diabetes subject to inhibition are the processes of respiration and phosphorylation and that estradiol-dipropionate in dose of 50 gamma/kg did not change significantly either utilization of oxygen, or attended by it phosphorylation in the uterus and liver, while in a dose of 100 gamma/kg it contributed to the combination of the respiratory and phosphorylation processes in the liver alone. Joint administration of insulin and estradiol restored nearly to the initial level the rate of the oxygen consumption and esterification of inorganic phosphorus in the uterus and liver.
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PMID:[Combined use of estradiol and insulin in experimental diabetes]. 102 17

The ophthalmoscopic and fluorescein angiographic findings in diabetic retinopathy are reviewed. It is pointed out that the fundus lesions seen in diabetic retinopathy are characteristic, but not specific for diabetes. It is still not settled which role alterations in the microcirculation, alterations in the tissue metabolism, hypoxia or defects in the oxygen delivery system may play as provoking factors in the development of the diabetic retinopathy. Future investigations should concentrate on early diabetes and must include studies on the retinal blood-flow, electroretinographic and histopathologic changes.
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PMID:The ophthalmoscopic and fluorescein angiographic picture of diabetic retinopathy. 105 72

Evidence for a causative relationship between prolonged tissue hypoxia and diabetic retinopathy and glomerulosclerosis are presented. Based on the assumption that one of the most fundamental requirements for optimal cellular metabolism is a constant cellular oxygen tension, the "three-in-one concept" for the development of diabetic microangiopathy is formulated. The term "three-in-one" is employed because this concept partly or completely includes "the glycoprotein-", "the hypoxia-", and "the growth hormone hypothesis". Diabetics show evidence of variability in the tissue oxygen availability/demand ratio which is compensated by three self-regulating factors: 1) an increase in local flow, 2) an increase in red cell 2,3-DPG leading to a shift to the right of the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve, and 3) an increase in the oxygen-binding capacity or the haemoglobin concentration. The level of plasma inorganic phosphate (Pi) is of importance in maintaining high 2,3-DPG levels. However, since Pi fluctuates depending upon changes in the control of diabetes, the regulatory mechanism of the 2,3-DPG modulated unloading of oxygen from the erythrocytes often becomes insufficient, and therefore in poorly regulated diabetics with less than optimal 2,3-DPG levels, the main load of compensation against tissue hypoxia is placed on an adjustment in the microcirculation of the organ involved. However, in order for the microvascular dilatation to occur, the cells must experience a hypoxic stimulus. The summation of the infinite number of discrete and occasionally pronounced hypoxic injuries to the tissue cells in association with the adverse effect of local vasodilatation with increased plasma permeation through the vessel walls might over the years lead to diabetic microangiopathy. Based on this theory the high level of Pi in diabetes becomes of particular significance. Our experience with a high phosphate diabetes diet in the treatment of diabetics is presented. This dietary regimen leads to a significant increase in the oxygen release capacity of the erythrocytes, suggesting an improvement in tissue oxygenation, and may therefore become of value in the prophylaxis of diabetic microangiopathy.
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PMID:The problems of tissue oxygenation in diabetes mellitus. III. The "three-in-one concept" for the development of diabetic microangiopathy and a rational approach to its prophylaxis. 105 74

Gingiva biopsy samples from healthy individuals and from diabetics with different forms of periodontal disease were incubated in the Warburg apparatus for 2 hours. Considerable reduction in oxygen consumption and glucose uptake was found in each type of periodontal disease, the most marked reduction being stated in case of parodontopathia dystrophica. The extent of the metabolic disturbance as well as the appearence of periodontal disease correlated with the duration of diabetes on the one hand with the frequency and severity of diabetic retinopathy on the other hand.
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PMID:[The uptake of oxygen and glucose by the gingiva in diabetes mellitus with various forms of periodontal diseases]. 105 98

Serial changes in body composition during pregnancy have been measured in 5 normal and 2 diabetic women on controlled diets to compare with simultaneous measurements of oxygen consumption (V-O2). Total body water (TBW) was measured by D2O dilution, total body fat (TBF) calculated as 100-%TBW/0.732 and body cell mass (BCM) derived from total body 40K count by Moore's formula, BCM equals K-e times 8.33. Two normal subjects in caloric equilibrium lost 1.2 kg TBF, gained 5.5 kg TBW and 4.1 kg BCM. Two obese subjects in negative caloric balance lost 4.7 kg TBF, gained 7.3 kg TBW and 4.3 kg BCM. One subject on ad lib diet gained 7.7 kg TBF, 0.6 kg TBW, and 2.6 kg BCM. She continued to gain fat postpartum. Two diabetic subjects gained fat up to 28 weeks, lost it thereafter, and showed no net gain in BCM. Basal V-O2 correlated with BCM, while 24-hour resting V-O2 related to total body weight. It is concluded that fat storage in human pregnancy depends on food intake, as in the nonpregnant. BCM accumulation is independent of food intake, except protein, and depends on normal physiologic adjustments of pregnancy, which are upset by insulin lack in diabetes. The extra basal energy needs of gestation are determined by BCM acquisition, not total body weight.
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PMID:Changes in total body composition during normal and diabetic pregnancy. Relation to oxygen consumption. 112 65

Using the arteriovenous oxygen difference method autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) was tested in 16 long-term diabetics and eight control patients. Blood pressure was raised by angiotensin infusion and lowered by trimethaphan camsylate infusion, in some cases combined with head-up tilting of the patient. Regression analysis was carried out on the results in order to quantify autoregulatory capacity. In the control patients CBF did not vary with moderate blood pressure variations, indicating normal autoregulation. In four of the 16 diabetic patients CBF showed significant pressure dependency, indicating impaired autoregulation. The cause of impaired autoregulation in some long-term diabetics is believed to be diffuse or multifocal dysfunction of cerebral arterioles due to diabetic vascular disease. Other conditions with impaired autoregulation are discussed and compared with that seen in long-term diabetes.
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PMID:Chronically impaired autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in long-term diabetics. 117 56

Gas-forming infections on the surgical service are usually due to anaerobic microorganisms such as clostridia, peptostreptococci or bacteroides, or to one of the aerobic coliforms. Factors that predispose to the development of gas infections include lower extremity vascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Early treatment based on the inital Gram-stain study as well as the clinical presentation is helpful in reducing tissue losses and increasing overall survival. Treatment for nonclostridial gas infections includes prompt adequate surgical debridement and appropriate parenteral antibiotics. When available, hyperbaric oxygen should be added to the treatment plan in all extensive clostridial infections.
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PMID:Gas in the wound: what does it mean? 119 87


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