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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The average Hb A1c concentration in consecutive cases of newly discovered nonacidotic diabetics was 11.4% prior to diet and insulin, as compared to 5.5% following prolonged optimal control (p less than 0.001). Hemoglobin A1c was significantly correlated with fasting blood sugar. In a controlled study the average Hb A1c in 30 subjects with chemical diabetes was 5.8% as opposed to 5.3% in controls with normal OGTT (p less than 0.05). Thirty-seven percent of the chemical diabetics had Hb A1c values greater than or equal to 6.5%, while none in the control group showed such high values. Hb A1c in whole blood has increased oxygen affinity. A decrease in red-cell oxygen release was noted in some untreated nonacidotic diabetics, and an adverse effect of insulin on the oxygen release capacity was demonstrated in both newly diagnosed ketoacidotic and nonacidotic diabetics. The importance of this defect in red-cell oxygen-releasing capacity on the function of the microcirculation is discussed. Signs of an early breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier was demonstrated in 20% of the chemical diabetics by fluorescein angiography.
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PMID:Hemoglobin AIc and red cell oxygen release capacity in relation to early retinal changes in newly discovered overt and chemical diabetics. 40 May 64

Diabetes mellitus (DM) was produced in 17 neonatal lambs by a single intravenous injection of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg). All developed hyperglycemia (greater than 300 mg/100 ml) and glycosuria after 24 h, but none exhibited ketonuria or acidosis. Plasma insulin levels were reduced to about 20% of those appropriate for the plasma glucose levels. Glucose tolerance tests (intravenous) were also consistent with reduced insulin reserve. Measurements of left ventricular performance were obtained under constant hemodynamic conditions in 16 diabetics and did not differ from those in 10 normal lambs. However, myocardial uptake of glucose was sharply reduced and fatty acid uptake was less. Myocardial O2 consumption (MVO2) was unchanged. Coronary flow (CF) was significantly lower in the diabetics (P less than 0.001). Pressure-flow studies were also done and demonstrated a consistent reduction in CF at a given aortic pressure in DM compared with controls. These findings indicate that coronary vascular resistance is elevated in the lamb with DM, and this is not explained by a change in MVO2. Oxygen requirements of the diabetic hearts were satisfied by increased extraction.
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PMID:Coronary dynamics and myocardial metabolism in the diabetic newborn lamb. 46 2

The effects of different conditions of organ culture on the viability of murine pancreatic tissues and, particularly, of pancreatic islets, was assessed by morphologic and histochemical analyses. High oxygen tension (1300 mm Hg), found previously to allow successful allogeneic thyroid transplantation, was toxic to pancreatic tissue. Low temperature (22 degrees C) was associated with better islet preservation than high temperature (37 degrees C). Hydrocortisone did not reduce the survival of pancreatic islets and did appear to preserve the acinar components. Fetal and neonatal pancreas responded similarly to the various organ culture conditions. These results have potential importance in guiding future transplantation experiments.
Diabetes 1979 Nov
PMID:The effects of different conditions of organ culture on the survival of the mouse pancreas. 48 49

The cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses of juvenile-onset diabetic (Dia) and nondiabetic (Con) boys to light, moderate, and maximal treadmill work were investigated. No significant differences were observed between the Dia and Con subjects in cardiorespiratory responses to maximal and submaximal work. The mean values for the Dia boys during maximal treadmill work for ventilatory volume, oxygen uptake, heart rate, and lactic acid were 91.5 L/min, 54.9 ml/kg . min, rate, and lactic acid were 91.5 L/nin, 54.9 ml/kg . min, 198 beats/min, and 7.0 mM/L, respectively. In the Dia boys, maximal-, light-, and moderate-intensity work produced significant plasma glucose decreases (P less than 0.05) of 1.64, 3.23, and 7.2 mM/L, respectively. In the Con boys, the submaximal work bouts were performed without significant change in plasma glucose levels, but glucose levels after maximal work were elevated 1.58 mM/L. Light and moderate work in both groups produced no changes in plasma triglycerides, free fatty acids, or lactic acid. However, for the Dia boys, maximal work was associated with a significant increase of 0.36 mM/L in triglycerides.
Diabetes 1979 Dec
PMID:Physiologic responses of juvenile-onset diabetic boys to muscular work. 51 Aug 8

In the blood of patients (104) with diabetes mellitus of various severity some energy metabolic indices (lactate, pyruvate, nonesterified fatty acids, and in some patients also glycogen and glycogenolytic activity of the blood), tissue oxygen tension and immunoreactive insulin were studied simultaneously. The glycogen content, a and b phosphorylase activity were determined in the liver and the skeletal muscles, and lactate, glycogen, and pyruvate in the blood of animals with experimentally induced diabetes mellitus (alloxan and immune diabetes). Changes in the energy metabolism were revealed in all forms of diabetes mellitus: in hyperinsulinism accompanying early forms of diabetes mellitus there was activation of anaerobic processes and tissue hyperoxygenation, and at the late stages of the disease a tendency to tissue hypoxia. Experimental diabetes was accompanied by glycogen reduction in the skeletal muscles together with the growth of b phosphorylase activity. This could be due to the reduction of glucose-6-phosphate in the muscles and to a disturbed activity of the other systems regulating glycogen metabolism.
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PMID:[Various characteristics of energy metabolism in diabetes mellitus]. 52 35

A preparation of blood capillaries was isolated from the rete mirabile of the eel swin bladder. The capillaries, incubated for two hours at 37 degrees C. in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer with 5 mM glucose, contained 29.3 +/- 4.6 nmoles of sorbitol per gram and released in the medium 725 +/- 60 nmoles of fructose per gram. When glucose in the medium was raised from 5 to 30 mM, capillary sorbitol and medium fructose rose by approximately 100 per cent. There were no accompanying changes in capillary water content as determined by the ratio of wet weight to dry weight and by the difference between water-3H space and inulin-14C space. Respiration of capillary tissue was lower at 30 mM glucose than at 5 mM glucose. The addition of 30 mM mannitol to a medium containing 30 mM glucose did not restore the oxygen uptake by capillary tissue to values obtained with a medium containing 5 mM glucose alone. It is concluded that the polyol pathway is operative in vertebrate blood capillaries. At high medium glucose concentration, the activity of the pathway is enhanced, respiration is depressed, and water content is unchanged
Diabetes 1978 Feb
PMID:Glucose-induced alterations of the metabolism of an isolated capillary preparation. 62 39

The effect of fructose infusion (10 gm. every five minutes as a bolus followed by 0.5 gm. per kilogram X hours) on arterial concentrations and hepatic balances of ketones was studied in four juvenile diabetics 24 hours after the withdrawal of insulin. Arterial and hepatic venous concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, free fatty acids, fructose, and oxygen were measured. Hepatic blood flow was also determined. At constant rates of splanchnic fructose extraction, an 82 per cent diminution of the arterial hepatic venous concentration difference of the ketones was observed but the arteriovenous difference of free fatty acis rose moderately. Since hepatic blood flow was only slightly increased (17 per cent) there was no doubt that total hepatic ketone body formation was reduced. The magnitude of this antiketogenic action became apparent from the continuous fall of the arterial ketone concentrations. Since splanchnic oxygen uptake rose 40 per cent, it is suggested that the antiketogenic effect of fructose was due not only to enhanced re-esterification but also to accelerated oxidation of free fatty acids.
Diabetes 1978 Jul
PMID:Antiketogenic action of fructose in man. 65 16

Clostridial infections have always been treated promptly and aggressively on the basis of history and Gram's strain. We believe that nonclostridial infections with similar fulminating, septic courses also should receive as prompt and radical treatment and perhaps more so, as hyperbaric oxygen therapy is of far less benefit in a nonclostridial infection. It is particularly important to treat the high risk, obese, patient with diabetes and an infection of the perineum or groin promptly and aggressively if the current, high morality is to be decreased.
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PMID:Gas-producing clostridial and nonclostridial infections. 66 12

Exercise testing has a definite role in pediatrics today. Different methods are presented, and the value of maximal exercise with determination of oxygen uptake and blood lactate is stressed. In children with heart disease, exercise testing with precordial electrocardiogram can be of both diagnostic and prognostic value. The cardiovascular function at different intensities of exercise is evaluated, serious dysrhythmias may be revealed, hypertension judged and the effect of drug therapy can be checked by exercise testing. It is an important way in assessing the child's functional capacity after heart surgery in the decision whether she or he should take part in physical education and sports activities and in the choice of profession. It is also of great psychological value to the parents and the patient himself. In children with other chronic diseases, e.g., diabetes, obesity, asthma, neurocirculatory dysfunctions--physical training together with exercise testing is of importance for therapy and rehabilitation.
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PMID:Exercise testing in children. 72 65

Alloxan diabetes caused a marked stimulation of endogenous oxygen uptake by rat testis tissues. However, the oxygen uptake in the presence of added glucose or pyruvate as substrate was significantly reduced. The ability of the testis tissues to utilize these substrates and to produce lactate was significantly inhibited in the diabetic animals. Alloxan diabetes also increased the levels of cholesterol, cholesterol esters, non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides and phospholipids in rat testis tissues. Treatment of the diabetic rats with ascorbic acid caused more or less a normalization of all the parameters tested.
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PMID:Effect of ascorbic acid on oxygen consumption, glycolysis and lipid metabolism of diabetic rat testis. Ascorbic acid and diabetes, I. 73 35


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