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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Investigations made it possible to establish that in the period from 1925-28 to 1970-71 there took place in the Ukraine an increase in the consumption of animal products (milk, meat, fish, eggs), of sugar, vegetables, fruits and a fall in the consumption of cereals (bakery products, grits, macaroni, beans) and potato. Because of these dietary changes in the nutritional pattern of the population there were noted an elevated proportional share of proteins and fats, basically of animal origin, and a decrease in that of complex carbohydrates. A direct relation between the health status of the population and its alimentation has been ascertained; first--between the calorific value of the food products sets and their fat and carbohydrates content, on the one hand, and the body weight of the examined, on the other; and secondly--between the fluorine level in the food and the prevalence of fluorosis, caries, exostosis, aggravated by an imbalance of a number of nutritional components, on the other. Note has been taken at the same time of the fact that obese individuals suffer more often from cardio-vascular affections, gout, uro- and cholelithiasis and diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[Nutrition and the state of health of the population of the UkrSSR]. 96 55

Positron emission tomography (PET) allows, in combination with multiple radiopharmaceuticals, unique physiological and biochemical tissue characterization. Tracers of blood flow, metabolism and neuronal function have been employed with this technique for research application. More recently, PET has emerged in cardiology as a useful tool for the detection of coronary artery disease and the evaluation of tissue viability. Metabolic tracers such as fluorine-18 deoxyglucose (FDG) permit the specific delineation of ischaemically compromised myocardium. Clinical studies have indicated that the metabolic imaging is helpful in selecting patients for coronary artery bypass surgery or coronary angioplasty. More recent research work has concentrated on the use of carbon-11 acetate as a marker of myocardial oxygen consumption. Together with measurements of left ventricular performance, estimates of cardiac efficiency can be derived from dynamic 11C-acetate studies. The non-invasive evaluation of the autonomic nervous system of the heart was limited in the past. With the introduction of radiopharmaceuticals which specifically bind to neuronal structures, the regional integrity of the autonomic nervous system of the heart can be evaluated with PET. Numerous tracers for pre- and postsynaptic binding sites have been synthesized. 11C-hydroxyephedrine represents a new catecholamine analogue which is stored in cardiac presynaptic sympathetic nerve terminals. Initial clinical studies with it suggest a promising role for PET in the study of the sympathetic nervous system in various cardiac diseases such as cardiomyopathy, ischaemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus. The specificity of the radio-pharmaceuticals and the quantitative measurements of tissue tracer distribution provided by PET make this technology a very attractive research tool in the cardiovascular sciences with great promise in the area of cardiac metabolism and neurocardiology.
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PMID:Imaging of metabolism and autonomic innervation of the heart by positron emission tomography. 161 39

Cultured neuroblastoma, cerebral microvessel endothelial, and retinoblastoma cells were used to examine the mechanism of acute inhibition by D-glucose of myo-inositol uptake. Acute exposure of the cells to 30 mM D-glucose caused a significant decrease in Na(+)-dependent myo-inositol uptake in all three cell types. The effect of D-glucose to acutely inhibit myo-inositol uptake was dependent on the extracellular glucose concentration and was not reversed by sorbinil. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (30 mM), 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (30 mM), and cytochalasin B (100 microM) did not acutely inhibit myo-inositol uptake. These data suggest that the hydroxyl groups on carbons 2 and 3 of D-glucose, which in a Haworth projection appear trans to each other, are important for inhibitory activity. Other monosaccharides (30 mM) having a similar 2,3-trans-diol configuration, L-glucose, D- and L-fucose, D- and L-galactose, D- and L-xylose, and D-arabinose, all to varying degrees significantly inhibited myo-inositol uptake. In all cases, the L-isomers were more potent inhibitors of myo-inositol uptake than the corresponding D-isomers. Monosaccharides (30 mM) having hydroxyl groups on carbons 2 and 3 in a cis configuration, D-mannose, L-rhamnose, D-allose, and D-ribose, did not acutely inhibit myo-inositol uptake. Replacing the hydroxyl group with a fluorine on carbons 2 or 3 of D-glucose negated its inhibitory activity of myo-inositol uptake. In contrast, replacing the hydroxyl group with a fluorine on carbon 6 of D-glucose did not block its inhibition of myo-inositol uptake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes 1991 Aug
PMID:Trans-hydroxyl group configuration on carbons 2 and 3 of glucose. Responsible for acute inhibition of myo-inositol transport? 186 May 53

The application of in vivo MR spectroscopy to the study of the liver is currently an expanding field of research. Owing to technical difficulties, the results obtained thus far were mainly those of animal observations. Several nuclei have been considered: hydrogen, phosphorus, carbon or fluorine. This non-traumatic method allows following and quantifying the various metabolic pathways, especially during hepatic diseases. The major metabolic pathways, i.e. neoglycogenesis, glycogenolysis, Krebs' cycle, etc., are studied, as well as their alterations during diseases such as ischemia, diabetes or alcoholism. The development of this promising technique requires the cooperation of various clinical and fundamental disciplines.
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PMID:[In vivo NMR spectroscopy of the liver]. 267 30

Using model systems, we have studied the properties of a number of zinc-chelating agents which are known to cause diabetes in laboratory animals. The abilities to permeate membranes and to complex zinc inside liposomes with the release of protons are suggested as chemical properties that can enhance diabetogenicity. When such complexing agents are added to lipid vesicles at pH 6 containing entrapped zinc ions, they acidify the contents of these vesicles. We have demonstrated this effect by measuring intravesicular pH both with a fluorine-containing F NMR probe as well as with the fluorescent probe, quinine. For example, using quinine, we observed that 0.1 mM 8-hydroxyquinoline reduced the intravesicular pH of sonicated phospholipid vesicles containing entrapped Zn2+ (as sulfate) from pH 6.0 to 2.8. These diabetogenic chelating agents also solubilized zinc-insulin precipitates from unbuffered suspensions at pH 6.0. The solubilization results from the acidification of these suspensions. Dithizone and 8-hydroxyquinoline at 4 mM solubilized 97 and 42%, respectively, of the suspended insulin. We suggest that if such proton release occurs within the zinc-containing insulin storage granules of pancreatic beta-cells, solubilization of insulin would be induced. Such an event would lead to osmotic stress and eventually to rupture of the granule. The effects of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), an agent that has been found to protect rabbits against the induction of diabetes by some other zinc-chelating agents, were also studied. DDC caused a decrease of 3.5 units in the intravesicular pH of zinc-containing vesicles by a mechanism not involving the release of protons upon chelation of zinc. We have demonstrated several properties of DDC which may contribute to its ability to protect against the induction of diabetes. These include its ability to store zinc as a hydrophobic complex in membranes, its consumption of protons upon spontaneous decomposition, and the ability of one of its decomposition products, diethylamine, to accelerate the dissipation of pH gradients across lipid bilayers. Diethylamine is particularly effective in stimulating a rapid dissipation of such pH gradients, even at micromolar concentrations. We have attempted to estimate quantitatively the extent of proton liberation by various zinc-chelating agents. This analysis demonstrated that partitioning of the ligand between organic and aqueous phases, ligand acidity, and zinc complex stability determine the extent of proton release.
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PMID:Mechanism of action of diabetogenic zinc-chelating agents. Model system studies. 388 28

In the practice of diagnosing occupational deafness resulting from noise effects of factors determining workers' hearing, such as living conditions, working conditions, nutritional and other habits, diseases and their therapy, are often neglected. Discussed in the paper are the significance and ototoxic effects of such factors as: aminoglycoside antibiotics, diuretics, salicylic acid derivatives, fenacetin, quinine, fluorine compounds, cytotoxic drugs, chemical compounds other than drugs (carbon monoxide, carbon disulphide, lead, organic solvents), ethyl alcohol, diseases (abdominal typhus, bacillary dysentery, diphtheria, brucellosis, epidemic parotiditis, poliomyelitis, rubella, aural shingles, syphilis, diabetes mellitus, chronic renopathies, hypothyroidism, serologic conflict, pigmentary retinitis). Exposure to intense noise is more and more frequently juxtaposed with the impact of the mentioned factors. If industrial physicians get aware of this association the prevention of deafness and reliability of treatment may be largely promoted.
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PMID:[Ototoxic factors requiring consideration in the diagnosis of occupational hearing loss]. 390 48

1. Insulin deficiency induced by anti-insulin serum or streptozotocin increased glucose absorption, as measured in everted sacs of rat upper ileum incubated for 30 min with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate medium.2. Everted sacs prepared from the terminal ileum of insulin-deficient rats were able to accumulate glucose against a concentration gradient (i.e. development of active glucose transport).3. In experimental diabetes induced by streptozotocin, everted sacs of upper ileum showed increased 3-methyl glucose active transport, and sacs of terminal ileum showed development of 3-methyl glucose active transport.4. Lactic acid formation during the absorption of both glucose and 3-methyl glucose was increased approximately twofold in everted sacs of insulin-deficient animals.5. Insulin added at 100 mu./ml. to the incubating media of everted sacs prepared from insulin-deficient rats did not result in a reduction of glucose absorption or reverse the other effects.6. Fluoride (5 x 10(-3)M) added to the serosal and mucosal media of sacs of terminal ileum prepared from insulin-deficient rats decreased [(14)C]CO(2) formation from [U-(14)C]glucose and lactate formation during glucose absorption, but was unable to reverse the effect of insulin deficiency on glucose active transport.7. The effects of insulin deficiency induced by streptozotocin were more striking than those induced by anti-insulin serum.8. Everted sacs prepared from rats starved for 3 days showed increased glucose active transport accompanied by diminished conversion of [U-(14)C]glucose to [(14)C]CO(2).9. The possible role of hexokinase is discussed in relation to these findings.
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PMID:The effect of insulin and insulin deficiency on the transport and metabolism of glucose by rat small intestine. 555 73

Quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) heart studies require the accurate localization of regions of interest (ROIs) on the myocardial wall (MW) and left ventricle (LV). The procedure is often inaccurate, especially when there is low tracer uptake. We implemented a data processing technique to improve the accuracy of the localization of ROIs on the MW and LV in fluorine-18 labelled deoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) PET heart studies. This technique combines transmission data, acquired before tracer administration and used for attenuation correction, and dynamic emission data (DY), acquired to obtain myocardial time-activity curves and used to calculate regional myocardial glucose utilization, to generate a new set of "transmission" images (TRDY) with enhanced contrast between MW and LV. These new transmission images identify the extravascular myocardial tissue and can be used for ROI placement. Validation of the method was performed in 25 patients, studied after an oral glucose load, by drawing irregular ROIs on three transaxial slices outlining the septum and anterior-apical and lateral wall on the last frame of the DY images (steady state) and then on the TRDY images. Two kinds of analysis were performed on a total of 225 myocardial segments: (1) mean counts per pixel in the DY images from ROIs independently drawn on DY and TRDY images were compared; (2) TRDY ROIs were copied onto DY images and repositioned in the event of mismatch between ROIs and myocardial tissue edge. Mean counts per pixel in the DY images from the original and the repositioned TRDY ROIs were compared. An excellent correlation was found in both cases (using TRDY and DY ROIs: y=0.908 x+0.068, r=0.97; using TRDY ROIs alone: y=0.975 x+0.006, r=0.99). This technique can be used for clinical applications in physiological and pathological conditions in which the myocardial [18F]FDG uptake is reduced or minimal, including diabetes and myocardial infarction.
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PMID:A procedure for wall detection in [18F]FDG positron emission tomography heart studies. 858 97

The effects of diabetes mellitus on the kinetic constants of aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase in rat brain were investigated non-invasively in vivo using the 3-fluoro-3-deoxy-D-glucose (3-FDG) 19-fluorine (19F) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method. While forward flux or both aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase (k1 and k2) were significantly increased, there was no corresponding increase in reverse flux (k3 and k4), and leakage of fructose (k5) was negligible. These findings indicate that the enzymatic kinetics of aldose reductase sorbitol (ARS) in diabetic brain undergo alteration favoring intracellular sorbitol and fructose accumulation, the frequently implicated biochemical basis of diabetic complications.
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PMID:Aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities in diabetic brain: in vivo kinetic studies using 19F 3-FDG NMR in rats. 873 31

The pancreatic somatostatinoma belongs to the type of rare endocrine tumors of the pancreas. We report the observation of a 54 year old woman. Previously she was suffering from diabetes mellitus. An abdominal ultrasonography revealed an endocrine tumor of the pancreatic tail. There was no specific symptomatology, with the exception for the hyperglycaemia. The diagnosis of somatostatinoma was certified post operatively by the immunocytochemistry of the tumor. Then, the patient developed a hypercalcaemia associated with an increase of parathyroid hormone. The surgery of the neck revealed three hyperplastic parathyroids, inducing this association as a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1). The patient did not develop pituitary tumor. Afterwards, scintigraphy with 111 Indium- octreotide showed a residual tumor at the head of pancreas. Basal levels of somatostatine and calcium, pentagastrine test, computed tomography scan, arteriography were negative. The presence of a second somatostatinoma was confirmed by surgery and immunohistology. One year after the surgery, the patient remains clinically well. The pancreatic localization of the somatostatinoma in a MEN 1 is poorly documented. Its malignant nature can only be assured by the presence of metastases. The genetic detection of the MEN 1 becomes possible. Above all, the treatment is based on surgery and/or chemotherapy (Fluoro-Uracile; Streptozotocine). In our case, 111 In-octreotide scintigraphy was the only method demonstrating a residual focus, suggesting it could be an element of reference for the diagnosis and survey of somatostatinoma the watch of patients having a treatment for somatostatinoma.
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PMID:[Pancreatic somatostatinoma and MEN 1. Apropos of a case. Review of the literature]. 873 92


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