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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) on the adaptive response to phosphorus depletion (PD) was investigated in order to examine if DM has any influence on the adaptation to PD in rats. PD for 7 days caused a marked reduction in serum phosphate (Pi) levels and increase in serum calcium (Ca) concentrations in control rats. In contrast, the increase in serum Ca concentration caused by PD was almost entirely eliminated in DM rats. Similarly, while bone Ca and P content was decreased by 7 days of PD in control rats, no significant changes in bone mineral contents were observed in DM rats during PD. There was a marked reduction in fractional excretion of Pi and an increase in fractional excretion of Ca during PD in both control and DM rats. Serum somatomedin A levels measured by radioreceptor assay were lower in DM rats compared to those in control rats, but PD caused no significant changes in either group of animals. These results demonstrate that the development of hypercalcaemia and reduction in bone mineral content in response to PD were inhibited while the renal tubular responses to PD were not affected in DM rats. It is suggested that the inhibition of the hypercalcaemic response to PD in DM rats is mainly due to an inhibition of the resorptive response of bone to PD, and that insulin either directly or indirectly may play a permissive role in the development of the resorptive response of bone to PD.
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PMID:Adaptation to phosphorus depletion: effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. 403 3

The effects of hormonal disturbances during pregnancy on the vitelline epithelium were studied in 80 Sprague-Dawley rats. Alloxan diabetes, puromycin, ovarian contusion, tubal ligation, estradiol, lynestrenol, mestrenol, or progesterone were administered in Week 2 or 3 of gestation; placental tissue was collected on Day 21. After staining with hematoxylin-phosphorus-tungstate, the vitelline epithelium of untreated and progesterone-treated rats showed a blue granulation. This was scarcely visible in alloxan diabetic rats or in puromycin-treated rats, and pronounced vacuole formation was observed in these animals. Ovarian contusion or tubal ligation resulted in a cloudy precipitate in the cells; the granulation could not be found. After treatment with estradiol benzoate, or with lynestrol and mestrenol, the cells of the vitelline membrane were almost free of granules; enlarged, cloudy cells with wrinkled nuclei were visible in the mesometral region. Further chemical and functional studies are needed to elucidate these findings.
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PMID:[Morphological studies of vitelline epithelium in the rat after hormonal disorders]. 551 43

1. Methods are described for the extraction of lipid and assay of mono-, di- and tri-glyceride glycerol and phospholipid phosphorus in rat heart and gastrocnemius muscles. 2. In hearts from normal animals, concentrations found were: monoglyceride, 0.6; diglyceride, 0.1; triglyceride, 12.6mumoles of glyceride glycerol/g. of dry muscle; phospholipid, 171mug.atoms of phospholipid phosphorus/g. of dry muscle. Concentrations of glycerides in gastrocnemius muscle were similar to heart muscle but those of phospholipids were lower (64mug.atoms of phospholipid phosphorus/g. of dry muscle). 3. Alloxan-diabetes increased the concentration of triglyceride in the muscles twofold. This increase was shown to be dependent in the heart on the availability of growth hormone and cortisol but not on the availability of dietary lipid. Total glyceride in the heart was increased after 48 and 72hr. starvation but not after 96hr. Changes in glyceride concentration seen in starvation and diabetes were not associated with significant changes in phospholipid concentration. It is suggested that mobilization of free fatty acids in diabetes leads to the synthesis of additional glyceride in muscle. 4. The possible contribution of glyceride fatty acid in the heart to respiration during perfusion has been calculated from the net loss of glyceride during perfusion, and also from the relative rates of lipolysis and esterification and compared with oxidation of fatty acid required for the balance of oxygen consumption (oxygen not utilized in the oxidation of glucose or glycogen glucose). In the normal or diabetic heart perfused with glucose and insulin the breakdown of glyceride can account for the balance of oxygen consumption. In the normal heart perfused without substrate the balance of oxygen consumption is not entirely accounted for by the breakdown of glyceride.
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PMID:Concentrations of glycerides and phospholipids in rat heart and gastrocnemius muscles. Effects of alloxan-diabetes and perfusion. 604 83

High-fiber diets have a beneficial impact on glucose metabolism of selected persons with diabetes mellitus. A major concern is the long-term effects of fiber intake on mineral and vitamin status. We measured serum concentrations of selected minerals and vitamins and also assessed three fat-soluble vitamins in 15 patients fed high-fiber diets for an average of 21 mo. Average values for serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, iron-binding capacity, magnesium, and hemoglobin values were normal. Vitamin B12 and folic acid concentrations in serum were also normal. Indirect assessment suggested that these patients had adequate intakes of the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and K. These preliminary observations suggest that high-fiber diets containing a wide variety of natural foods are well tolerated for up to 51 mo; we failed to detect evidence suggesting mineral or vitamin deficiency in these patients.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Mineral and vitamin status on high-fiber diets: long-term studies of diabetic patients. 625 Jul 73

Three different microanalytical methods were used to identify calcium deposits in the sciatic nerve perineurium of a 33-year-old woman who died after developing nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy as complications of diabetes. Scanning electron microscopic x-ray microanalysis (SEM-XMA) enabled localization of calcium and phosphorus elements to the perineurium in whole nerve cross sections. With SEM-XMA and scanning-transmission electron microscopic x-ray microanalysis (STEM-XMA) of the minute crystallites in the perineurium, the approximate relative amounts of calcium and phosphorus in the deposits were found to correspond to those in calcium hydroxyapatite. Finally, the crystallites were specifically identified by selected area electron diffraction, and were found to be composed mainly of calcium hydroxyapatite.
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PMID:Microanalysis of perineural calcification in diabetic nephropathy. 626 89

The effect of chronic streptozotocin-induced diabetes on phospholipid metabolism in rat sciatic nerve in vitro was investigated. In normal nerve incubated for 2 h in Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate buffer containing [32P]orthophosphate, radioactivity was primarily incorporated into phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylcholine. Smaller amounts were present in phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidic acid. As compared to controls, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate in nerves from animals made diabetic 2, 10, and 20 weeks earlier accounted for 30-46% more of the isotope, expressed as a percentage, incorporated into all phospholipids. In contrast, the proportion of radioactivity in phosphatidylcholine decreased by 10-25%. When the results were expressed as the quantity of phosphorus incorporated into phospholipid, only phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate displayed a change. The amount of isotope which entered this lipid increased 60% and 67% for 2- and 10-week diabetic animals, respectively. Increased phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate labeling was observed when epineurial-free preparations were used or when the composition of the incubation medium was varied. Sciatic and caudal nerve conduction velocities were decreased after 10 and 20 weeks but were unchanged after 2 weeks. We conclude that an increase in the turnover of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate in sciatic nerve from streptozotocin-diabetic rats appears relatively early and persists throughout the course of the disease. This metabolic alteration may be related to a primary defect responsible for the accompanying deficient peripheral nerve function.
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PMID:Metabolism of phospholipids in peripheral nerve from rats with chronic streptozotocin-induced diabetes: increased turnover of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. 628 17

The pathogenesis of osteopenia in clinical diabetes remains uncertain. Thus, bone formation, mineralization, and resorption were measured over a 10-day period using double-tetracycline labeling of bone in control (C, N = 18), untreated diabetic (I-, N = 14), and insulin-treated diabetic (I+, N = 16) rats. Diabetes was induced by the intravenous (i.v.) injection of streptozotocin (STZ), 90 mg/kg, in citrate buffer. Bone and matrix (osteoid) formation and apposition were decreased by 50% from C values in I- rats (P less than 0.05), but were unchanged in I+ rats. Osteoid seam width and osteoid area were also less in I- (P less than 0.05), but similar in I+, when compared with C. In untreated diabetic rats that continued to actively form new bone, osteoid maturation and mineralization were not diminished when adjusted for the rate of bone formation. However, 5 of 14 untreated and 2 of 16 insulin-treated diabetic animals showed no uptake of tetracycline into bone (Chi-square, 8.54; P less than 0.05), suggesting a defect in mineralization in a subset of diabetic rats. Measurements of serum glucose, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations, of urinary excretion rates for glucose, calcium, and phosphorus, and of creatinine clearance failed to correlate with the changes in bone growth and histology observed. The results indicate heterogeneity in the response of bone in diabetes, and suggest that bone formation and osteoid volume are reduced early in the course of this disorder. These data in short-term diabetes support previous observations in both man and rat that indicate a state of low bone turnover in diabetes.
Diabetes 1984 Sep
PMID:Diminished bone formation in experimental diabetes. Relationship to osteoid maturation and mineralization. 638 Nov 78

The appearance of the syndrome of phosphate depletion (plasma phosphorus level: 0,12 mmol/l) in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is reported. The inorganic phosphorus is essential for the resynthesis of 2,3-DPG and ATP, therefore phosphate depletion results in tissue hypoxia and decrease of energy rich phosphate with disturbances of various organ systems. The causes, pathogenetic mechanisms and the clinical signs and symptoms are discussed. Regular controlls of plasma phosphorus levels and a prophylactic substitution of phosphate are recommended.
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PMID:[Severe phosphate depletion in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (case report)]. 643 40

To induce diabetes mellitus in 8 steers, they were fasted for 96 hours and given 110 mg of alloxan/kg of body weight (IV, in 1 dose) immediately before refeeding. Subsequently, 4 of the steers were treated with insulin (0.1 to 3 U/kg) to control hyperglycemia and 4 were not given insulin. Four control steers were fasted and refed. Fasting increased serum phosphorus, total protein, and bilirubin and decreased serum magnesium and potassium. Refeeding returned serum values of magnesium, potassium, total protein, and bilirubin toward base-line values, regardless of treatment group. However, serum phosphorus remained increased in steers with alloxan-induced diabetes and was not lowered by insulin injections. Sodium and chloride values were depressed in steers with alloxan-induced diabetes; these values remained significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than base-line values, even in steers given insulin. Fat infiltration was evident in the pancreas, liver, and to some extent, kidneys of steers with alloxan-induced diabetes, but was occasionally present in tissues of steers given insulin.
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PMID:Metabolic responses to fasting and alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in steers. 649 40

The clinical characteristics of 107 patients younger than 60 years with mitral anular calcium (MAC) were compared with those of 107 age- and sex-matched control subjects. The patients with MAC included 55 men and 52 women, mean age 51 years. The control group included 55 men and 52 women, mean age 51 years. Patients with MAC had a higher prevalence of cardiomegaly on chest x-ray (p less than 0.0001), left atrial and left ventricular enlargement by echocardiography (p less than 0.0001), precordial murmurs (p less than 0.0001), diabetes mellitus (p less than 0.0001), systemic hypertension (p less than 0.025) and total conduction defects on surface electrocardiograms (p less than 0.0001) compared with the age- and sex-matched control subjects. The mean serum phosphorus and product of serum calcium and phosphorus were higher in patients with MAC (p less than 0.0025) than in the control subjects. The prevalence of coronary heart disease, aortic stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the mean serum cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase and calcium levels were not significantly different between patients with MAC and the control subjects.
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PMID:Clinical characteristics of patients younger than 60 years with mitral anular calcium: comparison with age- and sex-matched control subjects. 650 99


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