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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a group of rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes the excretion of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and creatinine in urine was investigated and the calcium, magnesium and phosphorus content of bone in relation to the duration of the disease. The authors observed that in diabetic rats the urinary losses of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus increase significantly. The creatinine excretion is also significant but lower in relation to calciuria and therefore the value of Nordin's index in diabetic rats rises markedly. Bone of diabetic rats in the early stage of diabetes (32 days) loses magnesium, while the calcium and phosphorus content does not change significantly. During longer persistence of severe diabetes (70 days) a significant drop of all three minerals in bone was observed. The bones of diabetic animals on the 70th experimental day were macroscopically smaller and were very fragile. The authors' findings suggest a marked influence of streptozotocin diabetes on calcium phosphate metabolism and bone metabolism, in particular on account of STZ diabetes, on an early drop of magnesium in bone. The possible impact of this finding for clinical practice will have to be tested further.
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PMID:[The effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes treated with insulin on the metabolism of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus]. 221 56

A case of a 29-year-old woman with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism was reported. There were neither endocrine nor neurological disorders among her family, except for her mother's hearing loss. She had been suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus since 21 years of age, and was noticed to be hard of hearing for several years, but never been examined. At the age of 27, choreic movement on her left upper limb and gait disturbance appeared. A year before admission, gait disturbance gradually developed and she could not walk any more. On admission, her height was 137.2 cm and her weight 36.5 kg. She had a round face, uneven teeth and borderline metacarpal sign on her right hand. On neurological examination, Parkinsonism, bucco-lingo-masticatory dyskinesia and bilateral extensor planter reflex were present, but tetany was not observed anywhere. Serum calcium was 3.9 mEq/l, and serum phosphorus 5.3 mEq/l. A CT scan of brain revealed calcifications in the bilateral basal ganglia and thalami, low density area in the left putamen, and atrophy of both caudate nuclei. Serum PTH was less than 100 pg/ml. Ellsworth-Howard's test showed hyperresponsiveness in the secretion of urinary phosphorus and cyclic-AMP. Other endocrinological studies showed no abnormality except for hyporesponsiveness in the secretion of insulin on glucose tolerance test. On the basis of these results, a diagnosis of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was made. Administration of alfacalcidol returned serum calcium and phosphorus to normal with considerable clinical benefit. Parkinsonism was gradually improved and she became to be able to walk with a cane after one year of treatment. But buco-lingo-masticatory dyskinesia were not reduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism with extrapyramidal signs and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. 222 58

A survey of dietitians at renal transplant centers in the United States was conducted to identify diet modifications currently used for nondiabetic adults after kidney transplantation. The survey focused on the diet recommended for the first 21 days after successful transplantation. Questionnaires were mailed to 100 centers randomly selected from a comprehensive list obtained through the Organ Transplant Coordinating Office of the Texas Medical Center, Houston. A 66% response rate was obtained. The results of the survey showed that dietitians were most frequently recommending 1.2 to 1.5 gm protein per kg body weight, 40% to 50% of total energy as carbohydrate, a fat intake of less than 30% of total energy, and an energy level consistent with achieving or maintaining desirable body weight. Sodium intake was most commonly restricted to 2 to 4 gm, whereas potassium and phosphorus intakes were individualized according to the patient's serum values. Comments on the returned questionnaires indicated that many institutions were reviewing and updating their transplant diet to include a polyunsaturated fat to saturated fat ratio and restrictions of cholesterol and simple sugars. The findings of the survey indicated that the renal transplant diet should focus on optimal protein and energy intake as well as restriction of simple sugars, total fat, cholesterol, and saturated fat to restore nitrogen balance and minimize clinical symptoms of post-transplant diabetes and hyperlipidemia.
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PMID:Renal transplant diet recommendations: results of a survey of renal dietitians in the United States. 234 58

The authors investigated in a group of 38 subjects with type I diabetes and 222 subjects with type II diabetes laboratory values indicating the level of bone metabolism: calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase activity in serum, urinary calcium excretion, and they compared the values mutually and with the level of bone mineralization. The authors found significantly lower serum calcium values in all investigated groups, the lowest ones in women with type II diabetes. To these values corresponded always reduced values of bone mineralization which were also lowest in women with type II diabetes. The very lowest bone mineralization was found in groups of subjects treated with oral antidiabetics, the values in women being lower than in men. The authors found also a higher alkaline serum phosphatase activity, in particular of its bone isoenzyme. The significant correlation between the reduced serum calcium value and bone mineralization indicates that this laboratory value has a decisive influence and importance in the development of osteoporosis. The high alkaline phosphatase activity suggests that there is also prescut osteomalacia.
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PMID:[Diabetic osteopathy. 4. Laboratory findings]. 237 77

Pulmonary phospholipids and their precursors and metabolites were assayed in the offspring of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at 19 and 21 days gestation and at 2 days after birth by two unique methods that employ high performance liquid chromatography combined with automated phosphorus analysis. In general, lung phospholipids were not different between offspring of control versus diabetic mothers. Levels of phosphatidylglycerol, however, were decreased in the offspring of diabetics. Lysophosphatidylcholine appears to be increased in the lungs of offspring of diabetic mothers, suggesting that maternal diabetes is associated with alterations in the remodeling of phosphatidylcholine.
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PMID:High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of lung phospholipids and their precursors in the offspring of diabetic rats. 239 Feb 87

Individuals with diabetes mellitus may have increased in vivo platelet activity. Abnormal platelet function could contribute to the increased incidence of vascular disease in diabetes mellitus. The biochemical mechanism(s) for platelet hyperactivation is unknown. We examined the hypothesis that platelet phosphoinositide turnover, a key signal-transducing mechanism involved in platelet activation, was abnormal in diabetic subjects. Platelets were harvested from 16 subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 19 healthy, nondiabetic control subjects of comparable age. Plasma beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TBG), a specific marker of platelet activity in vivo, was increased in IDDM (67.1 +/- 7.3 ng/ml) compared with control (41.0 +/- 6.0 ng/ml) subjects (P less than .005). [32P]orthophosphate (32Pi) incorporation into the individual phosphoinositides and phosphatidic acid (PA) reached isotopic equilibrium by 120 min for IDDM and control subjects. Specific activity (dpm 32P/micrograms phosphorus) of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) was not different between IDDM and control subjects. Under these conditions, basal 32Pi incorporation into PIP2 and PIP but not phosphatidylinositol (PI) or PA was significantly lower in IDDM subjects. There was significantly decreased [32P]PIP2 and [32P]PIP hydrolysis and decreased [32P]PA formation in IDDM after platelet stimulation with 4 U/ml human thrombin. There were no differences in [32P]PI hydrolysis between the two groups. The mass of PIP2 was reduced (P less than .005) in the platelets from IDDM (0.71 +/- 0.23 nmol/10(9) platelets) compared with control (1.65 +/- 0.53 nmol/10(9) platelets) subjects. Similarly, PIP was lower (P less than .001) in IDDM (0.66 +/- 0.09 nmol/10(9) platelets) than in control (2.92 +/- 0.43 nmol/10(9) platelets) subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes 1989 Sep
PMID:Decreased platelet phosphoinositide turnover and enhanced platelet activation in IDDM. 254 8

The application of in vivo MR spectroscopy to the study of the liver is currently an expanding field of research. Owing to technical difficulties, the results obtained thus far were mainly those of animal observations. Several nuclei have been considered: hydrogen, phosphorus, carbon or fluorine. This non-traumatic method allows following and quantifying the various metabolic pathways, especially during hepatic diseases. The major metabolic pathways, i.e. neoglycogenesis, glycogenolysis, Krebs' cycle, etc., are studied, as well as their alterations during diseases such as ischemia, diabetes or alcoholism. The development of this promising technique requires the cooperation of various clinical and fundamental disciplines.
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PMID:[In vivo NMR spectroscopy of the liver]. 267 30

To explore the hypothesis that changes in membrane phospholipids accompany tissue myo-inositol depletion and reduced (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity in diabetes, we examined phospholipid concentrations in glomeruli isolated from control and streptozotocin-diabetic rats and the effect of diabetes on myo-[3H]inositol incorporation in vitro into glomerular phosphatidylinositol. Since the aldose reductase inhibitor, Sorbinil, prevents the fall in myo-inositol and the decrease in (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity associated with diabetes, phospholipid and phosphatidylinositol content were also examined in glomeruli isolated from Sorbinil-treated diabetic rats. Total phospholipids (microgram phosphorus/mg dry weight) did not differ in the three groups of animals. The concentration of phosphatidylcholine was elevated in preparations from diabetic rats, both untreated and Sorbinil-treated. Phosphatidylethanolamine was reduced in glomeruli from Sorbinil-treated rats. Neither acute experimental diabetes nor Sorbinil treatment produced detectable changes in the glomerular concentration of phosphatidylinositol. In vitro incubations with glomeruli isolated from control and diabetic animals resulted in increased levels of incorporation of myo-[3H]inositol into phospholipids of diabetic glomeruli. The specific activity of [3H]phosphatidylinositol in glomeruli from diabetic rats was significantly greater than that in control samples. The findings do not support the postulate invoking correspondent changes in myo-inositol and phosphatidylinositol contents as contributory to diminished glomerular (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity in diabetes, but are compatible with depletion of glomerular intracellular myo-inositol in diabetes.
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PMID:Effect of diabetes and Sorbinil treatment on phospholipid metabolism in rat glomeruli. 300 84

Dietary supplementation with high-carbohydrate, guar gum fiber (HCF) is effective in acutely blunting postprandial blood glucose levels. We report the effect of such supplementation on the diet and nutritional status of a group of 16 subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) who incorporated either HCF bars (35.7 g carbohydrate and 6.6 g guar gum/bar) or placebo bars (identical except for the absence of guar gum) into the diet for 6 mo as part of a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. The HCF subjects achieved mean daily intake of 4.8 +/- 0.4 bars, constituting 51.2 +/- 3.1% of total calories and providing 29.7 +/- 2.6 g guar gum daily. Energy intakes and body weight did not change significantly in either group. Food consumption patterns and nutrient intakes did change, although not enough to impair the nutritional integrity of the diet because the bars themselves served as a source of nutrients. The bars were rich in thiamin, B6, folacin, phosphorus, iron, zinc, and copper, adequately replacing any decrease in nutrient intake as a result of foods being dropped from the diet. In fact, daily intakes of B6, folacin, and copper actually increased due to contributions from the bars. Nutrients in which the bars were poor (vitamins A, C and B12) resulted in suboptimal intakes (less than 66% RDA). Although no significant change in nutritional status of the HCF group occurred as determined by arm muscle area, arm fat area, hemoglobin, hematocrit, or serum albumin, transferrin, iron, ferritin, calcium, phosphate, B12, and magnesium levels, these indicators of nutritional status are rather insensitive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes Care
PMID:Nutritional risk of high-carbohydrate, guar gum dietary supplementation in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 302 7

From the above discussion it is clear that many factors have been invoked in the pathogenesis of progressive glomerular injury. Those which are most important include increased PGC, coagulation, serum lipid abnormalities, and hypertrophy. Although many hemodynamic alterations have been identified, increased PGC was noted most constantly. Furthermore, the loss of autoregulatory capability which was observed in some models with progressive glomerulosclerosis usually resulted in increased PGC. Increased PGC has been associated with augmented dietary protein and is seen in the Munich-Wistar rat made diabetic. Such an increase in PGC could cause direct mechanical injury to endothelial and epithelial cells, as well as be responsible for increased mesangial traffic of macromolecules with the potential for stimulating cellular proliferation and mesangial matrix increase. Additional support for the importance of increased PGC is provided by the protective effect of decreasing PGC with CEI therapy and anemia, and by the enhanced autoregulatory capability in both the Milan and Okamoto hypertensive rats. The significance of coagulation factors is confirmed by the formation of platelet and fibrin thrombi in the development of the glomerular lesions. The sequence of glomerular injury suggests that endothelial damage occurs with subsequent formation of platelet aggregates as a response to this injury. Formation of platelet aggregates may be associated with the production of substances potentially injurious to the endothelial cells. Although blocking the appearance of such thrombi by administration of heparin or thromboxane synthetase inhibitor prevents glomerular injury, the blood pressure lowering effect of these agents complicates the interpretation of the studies. Serum lipid abnormalities are also important factors in the progression of nonimmunologic glomerular injury. Such abnormalities are observed with increased dietary phosphorus or lipid, in the obese Zucker rat, and in rats with diabetes mellitus. Reduction in serum cholesterol by administration of clofibric acid or mevinolin diminishes glomerular injury independent of alterations in glomerular hemodynamics. The possible link between increased serum lipids and augmentation of glomerular injury is at present indirect. The importance of hypertrophy as a contributing factor to the progression of nonimmunologic glomerular injury is suggested by several lines of evidence. Hypertrophy, with increase in glomerular size and caliber of capillary loops, may amplify the effect of increased PGC by further intensifying the tension and mechanical stress on all elements of the capillary wall.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Nonimmunologic mechanisms of glomerular injury. 305 12


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