Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The changes in contents of pancreatic carboxyl ester lipase, phospholipase A2, and lingual lipase in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes have been studied. The contents of pancreatic carboxyl ester lipase and phospholipase A2 decreased by 40% and 45%, respectively, 5 days after injection of STZ, whereas pancreatic lipase steadily increased to 100% over control. The content of lingual lipase decreased sharply by more than 90% 2 days after STZ injection, followed by a tendency to recover slightly. Insulin treatment at a dose abolishing the urine glucose in diabetic rats for 3 days restored the contents of pancreatic lipase, carboxyl ester lipase, and lingual lipase but not pancreatic phospholipase A2. The results indicate that lack of insulin action induces an anticoordinate change in gastrointestinal lipolytic enzymes, with decreases in pancreatic carboxyl ester lipase, phospholipase A2, and lingual lipase contents and an increase in pancreatic lipase content.
 ...
PMID:Decrease in contents of pancreatic carboxyl ester lipase, phospholipase A2, and lingual lipase in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. 844 51

A surgical and experimental procedure was developed to enable the collection of pure and inactivated pancreatic juice during the growth of the pig. Studies have shown that, during the suckling period, both the basal and the secretory responses to suckling are low, if present at all. After weaning, basal levels of the total exocrine secretion, total protein, amylase, and trypsin, respectively, increase slightly, while the postprandial levels of total protein, amylase, trypsin, lipase, colipase, and carboxylester lipase, respectively, increase markedly. The pancreatic juice enzyme composition changes qualitatively and the antibacterial activity of the pancreatic juice also significantly increases. Piglet age appeared to be of minor importance, since weaning at either 4 or 6 wk of age gave the same results. Secretin and CCK administered together in supraphysiological doses only significantly affect exocrine function from 3-4 wk of age. However, CCK may also affect the exocrine pancreas indirectly via reflexes initiated intraduodenally. Milk consumption in the suckling pig leads to a postprandial increase in glucose levels but not insulin. Milk appears to be able to regulate the exocrine pancreas to produce only the amount and type of enzymes required for digestion. Thus, milk components or digestive products may affect pancreas function regulation. Studies show that enterostatin, the procolipase activation peptide, may inhibit pancreatic secretion mediated indirectly through the GI tract. Pancreastatin, an endocrine peptide, inhibits both insulin secretion and protein and trypsin secretion to pancreatic juice. In hypoinsulinemic (alloxan+streptozotocin diabetes) pigs (15-20 kg), no postprandial pancreatic juice response is seen, although CCK 33 + secretin can stimulate pancreatic secretion. Hypoinsulinemic pigs have a reduced capacity for glucose tissue utilization, suggesting that tissue metabolism and exocrine pancreas secretion are related.
 ...
PMID:Development and regulation of porcine pancreatic function. 853 Aug 34

Transplantation of pancreatic gland with systemic venous drainage of the graft causes elevated plasma levels of insulin. To examine lipid metabolism triglyceride clearance capacity, lipolytic enzymes, plasma lipids and lipoproteins were quantified in pancreas-kidney transplant recipients and compared them to lipid parameters of healthy controls and those of patients who had received only kidney transplants. Eleven pancreas-kidney transplant recipients with type I diabetes, 9 non-diabetic kidney transplant recipients as controls for the effects of immunosuppressive medication, and 11 healthy controls were studied. In pancreas-kidney transplant recipients fasting cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, triglyceride levels were found 5.5 (+/- 1.0), 3.4 (+/- 0.78) and 1.06 (+/- 0.29) respectively and expressed in mmol/L (mean +/- SE). The results were statistically not different from those of healthy controls. In contrast, non-diabetic kidney transplant recipients cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels were increased to 6.1 (+/- 0.81) (p < 0.05), 4.6 (+/- 1.1) (p < 0.05) and 2.34 (+/- 1.53) mmol/L (p < 0.05). HDL cholesterol averaged 2.08 (+/- 0.36) in pancreas-kidney transplant recipients, clearly higher than that of kidney transplant recipients 1.53 (+/- 0.39) mmol/L (p > 0.01), or of controls 1.61 (+/- 0.37) mmol/L (p < 0.05). In pancreas-kidney transplant recipients postprandial lipaemia was the lowest and lipase activity was the highest compared both to kidney transplant recipients (p < 0.001, p < 0.05) and controls (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). This excellent triglyceride clearing capacity appears to be the result of a high activity of lipoprotein lipase, which, can be explained by the peripheral hyperinsulinaemia.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of pancreas transplantation on triglyceride metabolism]. 853 60

The activity of all principal groups of lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase, lipase, beta-galactosidase, sulphatase and cathepsin B) was measured in the visual cortex of rabbits with experimental diabetes. In the first stage of diabetes (21 days), it was observed that enzyme activities in the free fraction and in the membrane-bound fraction are decreased as compared to the initial values determined in healthy animals. In the later stages of diabetes (90-180 days), all lysosomal enzyme activities increased except for sulphatase. This indicated a superiority of catabolic processes in visual cortex cells in the course of experimental diabetes.
 ...
PMID:The activity of lysosomal enzymes in visual cortex of rabbits during experimental diabetes. 870 84

Pancreatic amylase and lipase activities were measured in sera of 307 Caucasian insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients (IDDM) at clinical onset, 303 nondiabetic siblings of registered patients, and 207 control subjects under age 40 years. In all subject groups lipasemia and pancreatic (but not salivary) amylasemia increased with age and were significantly correlated. Using age-dependent reference ranges, reduced pancreatic enzyme levels were measured in 18% of patients, 6% of siblings, and only 2% of control subjects (p < 0.001). Increased lipase levels were noted in 10% of patients and in only 3% of siblings and 2% of control subjects (p < 0.001). Using both univariate and multivariate statistical analysis, elevated lipase activities at clinical onset were associated with higher titers of autoantibodies against islet cell cytoplasmic antigens and glucagon, but not against insulin or the 65-kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65-Ab), or with markers of genetic predisposition or metabolic dysregulation. These findings indicate the presence of modest, but statistically significant, variations in circulating pancreatic enzyme levels in 28% of IDDM patients at clinical onset (p < 0.001 vs. 5% in control subjects). Increased lipase levels may express a form or a stage of the disease with exocrine cell damage; their association with higher titers of islet cell and glucagon autoantibodies is not yet explained. Lower lipase and isoamylase levels are thought to result from the reduced acinar cell function in the vicinity of insulin-depleted islets. It must be tested whether pancreatic enzyme activities in serum can also be altered during the preclinical stage and can thus be considered as an additional marker for the disease process in the pancreas.
 ...
PMID:Abnormal circulating pancreatic enzyme activities in more than twenty-five percent of recent-onset insulin-dependent diabetic patients: association of hyperlipasemia with high-titer islet cell antibodies. Belgian Diabetes Registry. 874 Mar 97

In an effort to evaluate the effectiveness of islet transplantation in correcting exocrine dysfunction, young male Lewis rats were made diabetic by i.v. streptozotocin injection. Diabetes status was confirmed by decrease in insulin and increase in blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Pancreatic islets were isolated from age-matched control syngeneic rats by collagenase digestion followed by purification through a Ficoll gradient. Islets (approximately 1200) were grafted to the liver by intraportal injection to animals at 8 weeks after diabetes was established. Transplanted rats were sacrificed 4 weeks after correction of hyperglycemia. Diabetes resulted in decrease in body weight. Transplantation reversed the body weight loss and led to a body weight gain. Diabetes resulted in a decrease in pancreatic amylase (1.4 +/- 0.4 U/mg protein compared with a control value of 121.9 +/- 3.2 U/mg protein) and a slight increase in lipase (87.3 +/- 5.5 U/mg protein compared with a control value of 69 +/- 4.7 U/mg protein). Transplantation completely normalized amylase (132.2 +/- 25.0 U/mg protein) and lipase (56.3 +/- 3.9 U/mg protein) in spite of an imperfect correction of blood insulin, glucose, and glycosylated haemoglobin levels in these rats. These data demonstrated that islet transplantation is very effective in correcting the exocrine enzyme changes resulting from diabetes. Evaluation of steady-state levels of amylase mRNA in these groups of animals by Northern blots showed a decrease in the amylase mRNA level in diabetes and a return to that of control in transplanted rats, indicating that the control of amylase expression is most likely at the pretranslational level.
 ...
PMID:Normalization of pancreatic exocrine enzymes by islet transplantation in diabetic rats. 882 73

Clinical as well as experimental studies in insulinopenic diabetes mellitus have demonstrated abnormal pancreatic exocrine responses to cholecystokinin (CCK). In the present study, we examined pancreatic exocrine and endocrine function in the recently developed genetically diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats and compared them with those in the control Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats of the same age. Stepwise increasing doses of CCK octapeptide (CCK-8; 0.027-7.0 nmol.kg-1.h-1) evoked a characteristic biphasic dose-response curve for pancreatic juice and protein output in the LETO rats, whereas the OLETF rats were totally insensitive to CCK-8 stimulation. However, the responsiveness and the sensitivity to both carbamylcholine and secretin were similar in the two groups. Intraduodenal infusion of casein (500 mg/h) failed to stimulate pancreatic exocrine secretion in the OLETF rats despite a greater CCK response than in the LETO rats (peak response: 8.43 +/- 0.97 vs 5.12 +/- 0.30 pmol/l in LETO, P < 0.01). Intravenous infusion of CCK-8 (4.4 nmol.kg-1.20 min-1) caused a significant increase in serum insulin concentrations and a concomitant decrease in glucose levels in the LETO rats but not in the OLETF rats. On the other hand, an intravenous bolus injection of 1.1 mmol/kg glucose caused a greater insulin release in the OLETF rats than in the LETO rats. In contrast, gastric acid secretion in the OLETF rats was significantly high in basal and in response to intravenous infusion of CCK-8 compared with that in the LETO rats. Four subcutaneous injections of 20 micrograms/kg caerulein at hourly intervals over 3 h induced acute pancreatitis in the LETO rats but did not elicit any significant increase in serum amylase or lipase activities and pancreatic wet weight or histological evidence of acute pancreatitis in the OLETF rats. These results indicate that the exocrine and endocrine pancreas of the recently developed genetically diabetic OLETF rats are totally and specifically insensitive to exogenous and endogenous CCK stimulation, whereas parietal cells in these rats are sensitive to CCK stimulation.
 ...
PMID:Defect in pancreatic exocrine and endocrine response to CCK in genetically diabetic OLETF rats. 892 5

alpha 2-macroglobulin-trypsin complexlike substance (MTLS) was determined in plasma of pancreatic and nonpancreatic diseases using a two-step enzyme immunoassay to study the diagnostic and pathophysiological significance of MTLS. Plasma levels of MTLS in acute pancreatitis (mean +/- SD = 265.6 +/- 346.2 ng/ ml, n = 9), calcified chronic pancreatitis (128.6 +/- 257.4, n = 13), and noncalcified chronic pancreatitis (13.5 +/- 12.5, n = 10) were significantly higher than that in controls (3.6 +/- 1.8, n = 81). In other diseases such as gastric cancer, hepatoma, diabetes mellitus, and gallstones, MTLS values were not different from those of control. Plasma MTLS values showed low correlation with serum trypsin, elastase 1, pancreatic amylase, lipase, and pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI). The elevation of plasma MTLS values in acute pancreatitis suggests that plasma MTLS levels reflect that protease is inappropriately activated in pancreatic acinar cell and released into the circulation and that the determination of MTLS can be useful for diagnosis and pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:Plasma alpha 2-macroglobulin-trypsin complexlike substance (MTLS) in pancreatic disease. 895 9

The aim was to investigate sulodexide as a possible therapeutic tool for treating micro- and macroalbuminuria in diabetic patients. Fifteen patients (13 micro- and 2 macroalbuminuric) with Type II diabetes, were treated with 600 lipoprotein-lipase releasing units of sulodexide by the intramuscular route, daily for 28 days, and followed up for 2 months. The main evaluation parameter was the albumin excretion rate. At the end of treatment, six of the 13 microalbuminuric patients showed a decrease in the albumin excretion rate, which increased again in three of the six during follow-up. In the two macroalbuminuric patients the albumin excretion rate decreased at the end of treatment and remained unchanged after a further 2 months. Overall analysis (15 patients) showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the albumin excretion rate compared with baseline. Metabolic control and blood pressure remained unchanged during the entire period of study. No adverse events were registered. It is concluded that sulodexide administration has a favourable effect in reducing the albumin excretion rate in Type II diabetic patients with micro- and macroalbuminuria.
 ...
PMID:Glycosaminoglycans as a possible tool for micro- and macroalbuminuria in diabetic patients. A pilot study. 910 Jan 62

In patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), albuminuria reflects widespread vascular dysfunction. Albuminuria has been associated to defects of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) within the extracellular matrix. Our hypothesis is that loss of HSPG in vascular walls reduces the HSPG-bound lipoprotein-lipase activity (LPLA), thereby causing elevated levels of plasma triglyceride (TG) seen in IDDM patients with albuminuria. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether LPLA in muscle capillaries could be related to TG in IDDM patients with and without albuminuria. This is a cross-sectional study including ten healthy control subjects (group C), nine patients with IDDM and urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) of 30 mg/24 h or less (group D0) and 20 patients with IDDM and AER greater than 30 mg/24 h (group DA). Muscle LPLA, plasma TG, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL) were measured. Between groups no difference in total cholesterol, TG, VLDL, and LDL was found. In patients with albuminuria, LPLA was reduced compared to controls, however, the difference between the groups was not statistically significant [median (range)] 35.9 mU/g (20.4-103) versus 44.6 mU/g (28.2-57.2) and 40.9 mU/g (21.7-53.5) in group DA, C, and D0, respectively, p = 0.76. AER was not correlated to LPLA. An overall negative correlation between TG and LPLA was found; r = -0.33, p = 0.04, supported by an overall significant positive correlation between LPLA and HDL; r = 0.32, p = 0.045. We conclude that, in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, skeletal muscle lipoprotein-lipase activity is associated with plasma triglyceride, while an association between lipoprotein-lipase activity and urinary albumin excretion is questionable.
J Diabetes Complications
PMID:Skeletal muscle lipoprotein-lipase activity in insulin-dependent diabetic patients with and without albuminuria. 920


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>