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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Qualitative disorders of an echopancreatogram are noted in half of patients with diabetes mellitus (both insulin dependent and noninsulin dependent). The most significant echopancreatographic quantitative and qualitative disorders were observed in diabetic patients with a maximal decrease in pancreatic enzyme excreting activity (on the basis of lipase and trypsin debit in a pancreozymin test, daily steatorrhea and chymotrypsin amount in daily feces). It has been assumed that a degree of ultrasound changes in the pancreas in diabetes depends on a degree of fibrosis of pancreatic exocrine tissue. Ultrasound investigations with quantitative and qualitative assessment of echopancreatograms is a valuable adjuvant diagnostic method in diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[Echostructure of the pancreas. Comparison with exocrine secretory activity of the pancreas in patients with diabetes mellitus]. 151 83

Exocrine pancreatic function was evaluated in 21 diabetic children on the basis of a p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) test and a determination of fasting serum amylase, pancreatic isoamylase, lipase, trypsin and elastase levels. Fecal chymotrypsin was also measured. Compared to the controls, the diabetic children had significantly lower levels of trypsin (P less than 0.001) and elastase (P less than 0.02). Fecal chymotrypsin appeared to be significantly lower (P less than 0.01) in diabetic children than in controls but in all patients fecal chymotrypsin values registered above the limit considered to be normal. No significant correlation was observed between pancreatic enzyme concentrations, serum and urinary PABA values, and chronologic age, HbA1 and insulin requirement. Only for serum PABA a significant negative correlation with duration of disease (P less than 0.01) has been observed. These data show that exocrine pancreatic function may be abnormal in children with IDDM.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1990 Mar
PMID:Exocrine pancreatic function in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 169 87

Non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) subjects exhibit abnormalities in their plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles that increase the risk of ischemic heart disease. This study was designed to examine the metabolic behavior of very-low-density (VLDL), intermediate-density (IDL), and low-density (LDL) lipoproteins in NIDDM patients before treatment and after 4 wk of insulin therapy. Basal turnover studies of 131I-labeled VLDL1 (svedberg units [Sf] 60-400) and 131I-labeled VLDL2 (Sf 20-60) apolipoprotein B (apoB) were conducted in a group of seven NIDDM patients who had been off oral therapy for 1 wk. The subjects exhibited higher than normal transport rates for VLDL1 and a diminished input of apoB into the VLDL2 density range. These observations are concordant with the hypothesis that NIDDM patients overproduce VLDL triglyceride but not apoB. VLDL1 and VLDL2 were converted to IDL and ultimately to LDL at approximately normal rates, although the delipidation pathway by which apoB-containing particles were processed exhibited different properties from that seen in control subjects. Insulin therapy reduced plasma triglyceride by 38%, and this was associated with a 41% fall in VLDL1 mass (P less than 0.01). VLDL2 was less affected (19% reduction, P less than 0.05), IDL was unchanged, and LDL fell 17% (P less than 0.05). Repeat metabolic studies revealed that the major effects of insulin were to reduce VLDL1-apoB transport (from 811 to 488 mg/day) and increase the direct input of VLDL2 into the plasma (from 182 to 533 mg/day, P less than 0.05). These alterations in VLDL production led to normalization of apoB kinetics in IDL and LDL. The fractional catabolic rate of LDL increased 19% (P less than 0.05), whereas direct input into this fraction, which had been high before treatment, was reduced. Postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase levels were unaffected by insulin, although the hormone did increase LPL in adipose tissue. This lack of effect on lipase activities correlated well with the observation that the rates of catabolism of apoB in VLDL1, VLDL2, and IDL were not significantly affected by insulin therapy.
Diabetes 1990 Sep
PMID:Effect of insulin therapy on metabolic fate of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in NIDDM. 220 Jul 27

In an attempt to find a reproducible method of total splenopancreatectomy (TSP) with duodenal loop conservation in rats, we used the technique recently described by S. Houry and M. Huguier (Eur. Surg. Res. 15: 328, 1983) but were not able to induce a true diabetes. We therefore developed a more radical splenopancreatectomy (RSP) in rats and compared this technique with the TSP. RSP involves a more extensive dissection of the common bile duct, a short choledocoduodenal anastomosis, and total excision of the retroportal pancreatic lobules with the aid of a dissecting microscope. In rats who had undergone the TSP technique, blood glucose levels were maximal 8 hr after operation (270 +/- 16 mg/dl), and thereafter recovered baseline values. In contrast, after the RSP technique all the rats became diabetic as documented by persistent hyperglycemia (347 +/- 20 mg/dl at 8 hr, P = 0.01 compared to TSP; 500 +/- 20 mg/dl at 8 hr, P less than 0.0001). Eight hours after the operation, blood lipase levels increased more significantly after TSP than after RSP (847 +/- 247 IU/liter and 130 +/- 37 IU/liter, respectively, P = 0.01), and then decreased to 92 +/- 19 IU/liter at 24 hr in the TSP group and less than or equal to 30 IU/liter in the RSP group (P = 0.003), suggesting a more radical dissection of pancreatic tissue with the RSP technique. At sacrifice at 48 hr, no complications were found with either technique on macroscopic and microscopic examination, except for marked gastric distension with RSP. A third group of rats underwent RSP and were followed until natural death.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Radical splenopancreatectomy with duodenal loop conservation in rats. 221 47

Neonatal rats receiving streptozotocin at birth resulted in an acute but transient hyperglycemia for about ten days. This early transient hyperglycemic condition led to a reduced body weight gain in the suckling period but body weights were normalized by day 42. Streptozotocin pups had higher pancreatic wet weights and pancreatic protein and DNA contents at day 16 as compared to control pups, but not thereafter. At day 16, pancreatic trypsinogen in streptozotocin pups showed a transient increase over control pups but amylase and lipase were similar in the two groups. No difference was observed between the streptozotocin pups and the control group in their pancreatic lipase and trypsinogen concentrations after 16 days. In contrast, pancreatic amylase concentrations were lower in streptozotocin pups from day 18 to day 42 but the difference between the groups was significant only from days 18 to 24. Insulin supplementation of streptozotocin pups for four days in the neonatal period restored the pancreatic amylase concentration to the control level at days 18 and 20. These results indicate that acute streptozotocin administration at birth to neonates affects subsequent exocrine pancreatic development, particularly that of amylase, and that exogenous insulin attenuated the effect.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract
PMID:Streptozotocin effect on the development of the exocrine pancreas in neonate rats. 243 Jul 65

Exocrine pancreatic enzyme activities and mineral concentrations were measured in a newly developed congenic strain of corpulent rat (SHR/N-cp). Approximately 4- to 5-wk-old corpulent (cp/cp) and lean (+/?) male rats consumed a diet containing 54% carbohydrate as either cooked cornstarch or 27% cooked cornstarch and 27% fructose for 9.5 mo. After consuming the diet for 3 mo, corpulent rats were hyperinsulinemic, hyperlipidemic and exhibited glycosuria. After consuming the diet for 9.5 mo corpulent rats were twofold heavier and pancreatic weight was 77% that of their lean littermates. Corpulent rats that consumed starch exhibited lower total pancreatic protein with no significant change in total DNA and RNA. In the corpulent rat, both lipase- and chymotrypsinogen-specific activities and both the specific activities and the content of amylase or trypsinogen were lower than those of lean littermates. Fructose consumption resulted in lower pancreatic copper and iron concentrations, and zinc concentration was elevated in corpulent rats. This study suggests that the SHR/N-corpulent rat may be a useful model for studying exocrine pancreatic function in insulin-independent diabetes.
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PMID:Exocrine pancreatic enzyme activities and mineral concentrations in SHR/N-corpulent (cp) male rats. 245 79

Exocrine pancreatic function was studied by fecal chymotrypsin test in three groups of diabetic patients seen in southern India. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, as shown by low fecal chymotrypsin levels, was seen in 87.5% of patients with fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD), in 23.5% of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients, and in 4.5% of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients. There was no correlation between fecal chymotrypsin levels and serum amylase, serum lipase, age, body mass index, duration of diabetes, fasting plasma glucose, or glycosylated hemoglobin levels. The fecal chymotrypsin test is a useful additional investigation for the diagnosis of FCPD found in tropical countries.
Diabetes Care 1989 Feb
PMID:Exocrine pancreatic function in tropical fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes. 246 88

The pancreatic lipase and trypsin activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were determined as well as the relative levels of mRNA coding for these proteins. It was found that after development of diabetes, the activities of pancreatic lipase and trypsin were significantly increased by 105% and 52%, respectively, accompanied by an increase in the levels of lipase and trypsinogen mRNA by 98% and 49%, respectively, while amylase activity and its mRNA were significantly decreased. The alteration of lipase, trypsin, and amylase activities and their mRNA in diabetic rats were all normalized by replacement of insulin. It is concluded that in the diabetic situation, the pretranslational control for pancreatic lipase and trypsinogen is stimulated, resulting in high levels of these enzymes in the diabetic rat.
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PMID:Increase in pancreatic lipase and trypsin activity and their mRNA levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 247 68

A new rodent model, SHR/N-cp, for study of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) has recently been developed. The present study reports exocrine pancreatic enzyme activities and mineral concentrations in female corpulent (cp/cp) and lean (+/?) rats fed a diet containing carbohydrate as cooked corn starch or sucrose for 7 months to determine the potential of the model for studies of diet and pancreatic function in NIDDM. Although corpulent female rats weighed 2.5 times more than their lean littermates, they consumed less calories when expressed per 100 g body weight than lean rats. Corpulent rats had a significantly smaller relative pancreatic weight than lean rats (p less than 0.0001), but had greater total pancreatic DNA content and concentration (p less than 0.003) and higher pancreatic amylase (p less than 0.0001), lipase (p less than 0.0011), and chymotrypsinogen (p less than 0.0208) specific activities. Corpulent rats had a significantly lower pancreatic copper concentration than their lean littermates (p less than 0.0193). Corpulent rats consuming starch had a higher pancreatic iron concentration than all other experimental groups (p less than 0.05). The corpulent female rats were only mildly diabetic based upon serum and urine indices. The data suggest that the female SHR/N-corpulent rat may be a useful model for studying exocrine pancreatic function of mild cases of non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
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PMID:Enzyme-specific activities and mineral concentrations of the exocrine pancreas from female SHR/N-corpulent (cp) rats. 248 46

To study postheparin plasma lipase activities in nonfed newborn infants immediately after birth and to investigate the possible influence of fetal hyperinsulinemia on lipoprotein lipase activity, we measured lipoprotein and hepatic lipase activities in 55 macrosomic newborn infants: group I consisted of 21 infants born to mothers with insulin-dependent diabetes. The infants were hyperinsulinemic at birth and had hypoglycemia and poor lipolysis at the age of 2 h. Group II consisted of 18 infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes. Group III consisted of 16 large-for-date infants born to nondiabetic mothers. The mean postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activities at 2 h of age were similar (mean 36 mumol free fatty acids/ml/h; SEM 15) in groups I-III. Lipoprotein lipase activity correlated negatively with cord-serum triglycerides (range 0.13-1.2 mmol/liter) but did not correlate with serum insulin (range 5.4-524 microU/ml) or C-peptide (range 0.6-21.0 micrograms/liter). Hepatic lipase activity was somewhat higher in group I (mean 68 mumol free fatty acids/ml/h; SEM 23) than in groups II and III (mean 55 mumol free fatty acids/ml/h; SEM 14). Hemoglobin Alc was the only important factor explaining the difference in hepatic lipase activities between groups. Lipoproteins and apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and B were similar in all three groups. We conclude that in large-for-date infants lipoprotein lipase is active at birth without exogenous fat induction, and that these infants are capable of hydrolyzing fat, their main source of energy, immediately after birth. In addition, we conclude that postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity is not affected by fetal hyperinsulinemia.
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PMID:Postheparin plasma lipoprotein and hepatic lipase activities in hyperinsulinemic infants of diabetic mothers and in large-for-date infants at birth. 308 29


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