Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The sensitivity of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors, and the antilipolytic actions of prostaglandin E1 or insulin on adipose tissue of obese diabetic and non-diabetic subjects have been studied. Accumulation of cyclic AMP in adipose tissue and release of glycerol in response to several catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline and isoprenaline) in the presence or absence of an alpha-adrenergic blocker (phentolamine) have been used to assess catecholamine receptor sensitivity. No differences in beta-receptor activity were observed between diabetics and non-diabetics, either on glycerol release or accumulation of cyclic AMP; alpha-receptor activity was also similar, except for significantly less accumulation of cyclic AMP in diabetic tissue incubated with noradrenaline and phentolamine (p less than 0.01). The antilipolytic action of prostaglandin E1 (at concentrations of 30 fM to 30 pM) on lipolysis (stimulated submaximally with isoprenaline, 10(-7) M) was similar in diabetic and control groups. The antilipolytic action of insulin (from 10(-10) to 10(-6) M) on lipolysis was also similar between the groups. It is concluded that neither disorders of the catecholamine receptor nor of the antiliolytic actions of prostaglandin E1 or insulin are responsible for the abnormalities of fatty acid metabolism in adult diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Catecholamine receptor sensitivity and the regulation of lipolysis in adult diabetes. 18 98

Several characteristics of the binding of insulin and glucagon to human circulating mononuclear leukocytes have been studied. Functional analysis (latex bead ingestion) revealed that cell mixtures, as prepared according to Boyum and used generally in studies of insulin resistance in humans, consist of 20-29% phagocytic monocytes, with the remainder being lymphocytes. Partial separation of monocytes from lymphocytes on columns of Sephadex G-10, followed by correlation of insulin binding with cell type, confirms that the monocyte is the binding species. Insulin influenced neither glucose uptake nor the further conversion of glucose to lipids and CO2 by the leukocytes. The transport of alpha-aminoisobutyrate, a nonmetabolizable amino acid, into these cells was also unaffected by insulin. Monocyte/lymphocyte mixtures specifically bound glucagon and prostaglandin E1. At physiological concentrations of these hormones, steady states were reached in 15 min and 45 min, respectively. In contrast to the 8-10-fold increases in cellular cyclic AMP produced by prostaglandins, the effect of glucagon was very small but apparently real. Under appropriate preincubation conditions, sodium azide and iodoacetamide inhibited phagocytosis and insulin binding in parallel. The binding of glucagon was unaffected by these agents. Although both antimycin A and actinomycin D inhibited phagocytosis of the monocytes, only the former inhibited insulin binding; there was only a slight effect on glucagon binding. We would conclude that the binding of insulin to human circulating monocytes, although reflective of insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus and obesity, may not be to traditional receptors. In contrast, the binding of glucagon to lymphocyte/monocyte mixtures may be to function-linked receptors.
 ...
PMID:Hormone receptors: VI. On the nature of the binding of glucagon and insulin to human circulating mononuclear leukocytes. 20 May 11

Prostaglandins are synthesized from the fatty acids, linoleic and arachidonic acids, and are associated with increased platelet aggregation as has been found in blood from patients with diabetes mellitus. In the present study blood was obtained from 40 children with diabetes and from 20 control children for measurements of fatty acid and PGE1, PGE2, and PGF2alpha levels. The production of PGE2 and PGF2alpha was significantly elevated in blood from the children with diabetes at all times measured. The mean quantitative plasma linoleic acid levels were also higher in the patients. The increased PG synthesis may be related to the vascular problems that occur in patients with diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Increased prostaglandin synthesis in childhood diabetes mellitus. 76 4

The effects of dietary linoleic acid on arterial thrombus formation in rats were compared with the inhibitory effect of intravenous or intraaortic administration of PGE1, a potent inhibitor of platelet adhesion and aggregation. The "rat aorta-loop" model proved to be a useful method to induce a stable thrombus, obstructing the aortae of standard-fed rats with an obstruction time (OT) of about 96 h. Increasing the amount of dietary linoleic acid from 2.5 cal% to 30 cal% doubled OT to about 200 h. A constant intravenous PGE1 infusion of 10 mug/h increased OT significantly from the control value of 126.6 h to 160.1 h. When the same amount of PGE1 was infused intraarteriallu, the increase in OT was higher and doubled to 255.7 h. Using the "Filtragometer method" - in which platelet aggregatibility is measured in flowing human venous blood - a significant decrease in platelet stickiness was found in a group of patients consuming 12 cal% linoleic acid as compared to a similar group of patients with only 4 cal% linoleic acid in the diet. As similar results were obtained in patients with diabetes mellitus and in survivors of a myocardial infarction, increasing the amount of dietary linoleic acid may be of great therapeutic value for patients at risk of arterial thrombotic processes. These data support the hypothesis that part of the excess of dietary linoleic acid can lead to increased PGE1 concentrations.
 ...
PMID:The effects of linoleic acid and prostaglandin E1 on arterial thrombosis. 100 52

PGE1 has been found to improve the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. We considered that a PGI2 derivative may also have a similar action and therefore studied its effect in diabetic rats. Iloprost was administered intraperitoneally to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg/day for a month. The changes in nerve conduction velocity (NCV) were measured in the tail. One day after the last dose of iloprost, both sciatic nerves were removed from each rat, homogenized, and extracted with 6% TCA. The sorbitol and myo-inositol concentrations were determined by a combination of HPLC and an enzymatic method. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels were determined by RIA, and Na+, K+ ATPase activity was assessed by the enzyme cycling method of Greene and Lattimer. Iloprost was found to improve the NCV in the diabetic rats. The sorbitol content was not affected by iloprost, but the myo-inositol content was higher in the iloprost group than in the untreated group, although the difference was not statistically significant. The Na+, K+ ATPase activity and cAMP content were significantly higher in the iloprost group than in the untreated group. These findings suggest the possibility that the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (A-kinase) system has an important influence on improvement in Na+, K+ ATPase activity.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1992 Nov
PMID:Effect of a prostaglandin I2 derivative (iloprost) on peripheral neuropathy of diabetic rats. 128 52

Male sexual impotence is the symptom of an alteration of central and peripheral mechanism neuropsychoendocrine, vascular and neurological. Nowadays it affects 8-10% of sexually active population. In some diseases, like diabetes and uremia, it can reach very high percentages of incidence. At our Andrology Center 35% of referrals are represented by sexual complaints. In the last years the diagnostic accuracy has increased, narrowing the percentage of unknown causes. Vasculopathy represents the most relevant pathological condition associated with impotence: it can affect both arterial and venous vessels. The new medical technologies and procedures permit an increase of the life span but often affecting the quality of life. Therefore, the iatrogenic causes of impotence, both pharmacological and surgical, are growing. A modern diagnostic approach starts with an accurate clinical history and physical examination, followed by an NPT (nocturnal penile tumescence) test and/or ICI (intracavernosal injection) with a standard dose of PGE1 and Doppler flowmetry of penile arteries. An endocrine evaluation (LH, testosterone and prolactin) is also performed. Further investigation of a vascular dysfunction is represented by more invasive procedures, like arteriography, cavernosography and cavernosometry. A suspect of neurological disease is confirmed by sacral evoked potentials. According to the findings of these examinations, a correct therapeutical approach can be applied in 100% of cases. An endocrine treatment is adequate only when a clear reduction of T plasma level or hyperprolactinemia are present. The treatment of other central disorders causing psychoneuroendocrine impotence is promising, but still under investigation. The intracavernosal injection of vasoactive drugs, apart from having revolutionized the diagnostic approach to the impotent patient, represents a clear standpoint in medical management of impotence, particularly in vascular and neurological diseases. The great advancement in the technology of penile prostheses has allowed the development of valuable and reliable tools to be used in selected cases.
 ...
PMID:[Recent diagnostic and therapeutic aspects in male sexual impotence]. 128 49

In view of the possible implication of multifactorial mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy, the aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI), Statil, which ameliorates abnormal sorbitol or myo-inositol metabolism in diabetic nerves, and the prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) analogue, OP1206.alpha CD (OP), which improves diabetic vascular derangements, were administered simultaneously for 2 months to streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats with 5 months' duration of diabetes, and the effects on sciatic motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), Na(+)-K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity, and morphology of myelinated nerve fibers (MNF) were compared with the effects of a monotherapy with OP. The combination regimen ameliorated abnormal nerve sorbitol and myo-inositol levels and normalized decreased MNCV and enzyme activity. In contrast, neither sorbitol nor myo-inositol metabolism was ameliorated, and only insufficient improvement of MNCV and morphology of MNF was obtained with a monotherapy with OP. In addition, the combination therapy reversed both a decrease in the percent of large MNF and an increase in the percent of small MNF in diabetic rats, whereas a monotherapy with OP reversed only a decrease in the percent of large MNF. The results might suggest that a multiple-drug therapy with different mechanisms of action has greater effects on diabetic neuropathy than a single-drug therapy and is worthy of clinical consideration.
 ...
PMID:A combination of the aldose reductase inhibitor, statil, and the prostaglandin E1 analogue, OP1206.alpha CD, completely improves sciatic motor nerve conduction velocity in streptozocin-induced chronically diabetic rats. 132 Jan 79

An 81 year old male patient treated by sulfonylurea and diet was known to have type II diabetes for three years. Because of pulmonary embolism phenprocoumon had been administered for four months. Painful livedo racemosa developed acutely on both lateral sides of the feet and the left knee. A necrosis of the skin over the base of the left small toe developed within a few days. On the basis of the clinical picture cholesterol-embolism was diagnosed. Since anticoagulation is known to promote cholesterol-embolism it was discontinued. Prostaglandin E1 infusions into both legs were administered. Within 3 months the cutaneous lesions healed completely.
 ...
PMID:[Livedo racemosa, skin necrosis at the basal toe joint]. 141 Sep 81

A relation between the progression of diabetic nephropathy and glomerular hyperfiltration has been speculated. We describe two cases of non-insulin-dependent diabetic males aged 55 and 59 years in whom diabetic nephropathy was aggravated during the administration of limaprost, a a prostaglandin E1 analogue with a vasodilatory action. We also observed a short-term effect of limaprost on renal hemodynamics in three cases with diabetic nephropathy. In case 1, one year after limaprost administration the serum albumin level fell from 3.6 to 2.6 g/dl and the serum creatinine level rose from 1.0 to 1.6 mg/dl. In case 2, 9 months after limaprost administration the serum albumin level fell from 3.6 to 2.9 g/dl and the serum creatinine level rose from 1.8 to 2.3 mg/dl. In the latter stages of limaprost administration, the downslopes of reciprocal serum creatinine against time appeared to be augmented in the two cases. After the 3-day administration of limaprost, the peripheral and renal blood flows, and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were observed to rise, but the filtration fraction (FF) and urinary protein output were elevated. Keeping in mind the pre-existing renal damage, the increases in GFR and FF suggested acceleration of compensatory glomerular hyperfiltration in less damaged surviving glomeruli. The sustained acceleration of hyperfiltration with long-term administration of limaprost as an exogenous vasodilatory prostaglandin was assumed to eventuate in the aggravation of diabetic nephropathy. Attention should be paid to drugs which increase GFR in patients with established diabetic nephropathy.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1992 Jun
PMID:Possible participation of a prostaglandin E1 analogue in the aggravation of diabetic nephropathy. 142 44

The effect of oral prostaglandin E1 (limaprost) on erectile function was studied in a double-blind placebo controlled trial. Fifty one patients who agreed to participate were examined for their subjective symptoms and nocturnal erection was recorded using an erectometer at the beginning of the study, after an initial 6 week period, and again after a second 6 week period. Patients were randomly assigned to a group which received placebo followed by limaprost or to a group which received limaprost followed by placebo. Ten cases dropped out. In the remaining forty one patients, NPT during the limaprost phase was significantly different from that during the placebo phase. Patients with the history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or pelvic surgery showed relatively poor responses to oral prostaglandin E1. Oral prostaglandin E1 achieved 42.9% effectiveness in the psychogenic impotence, and this effectiveness is significantly higher than that of placebo. Oral prostaglandin E1 was suggested as an additional or alternative therapy in the management of psychogenic impotence. Psychogenic impotent who didn't respond to sex therapy and patients with slight organic causes would seem to benefit from oral prostaglandin treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Double-blind trial of oral prostaglandin E1 on impotence]. 143 68


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>