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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oral glucose tolerance test with 50 g glucose was carried out with and without simultaneous oral administration of 3 g calcium lactate. Blood sugar and serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) were measured before and 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after glucose load in 11 diabetics and 11 non-diabetics. Similar oral glucose tolerance test was performed with and without intravenous administration of 10 ml 8.5% calcium gluconate in 6 diabetics and 6 non-diabetics. Maximum serum level after glucose load (Max IRI), maximum rise of serum IRI following glucose load (Max delta IRI), maximum delta IRI/delta BS following oralglu cose load (Max delta IRI/delta BS), the area surrounded by the delta IRI curve and the abscissa (sigma delta IRI) and the area surrounded by the delta IRI/delta BS curve and the abscissa (sigma delta IRI/delta BS) significantly increased in diabetics but not in non-diabetics after oral calcium load, whereas intravenous calcium load failed to influence any of these values. Oral calcium load thus appears to augment glucose-induced insulin secretion only in diabetics, suggesting some abnormality in the mechanism of insulin secretion with reference to calcium in diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Insulin secretion after oral calcium load. 75 9

In hypercalcemic patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who were fasted over a prolonged period, alcohol ingestion induced a significant fall in glucose whereas insulin remained unchanged. The hypercalcemic patients thereby differed from normocalcemic subjects, who showed a significant decline in both glucose and insulin when alcohol was ingested after a prolonged period of fasting. An increased uptake of calcium into the beta-cells appears to have been a prerequisite for the occurrence of an unchanged insulin secretion during alcohol hypoglycemia in hypercalcemic patients, since a calcium-blocking agent, verapamil, infused intravenously during and after alcohol ingestion, brought about a normalization of the insulin response to alcohol hypoglycemia in such patients.
Diabetes 1979 Jan
PMID:Effect of verapamil on insulin response to alcohol hypoglycemia in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. 75 47

To evaluate the effect of physiologic hyperglucagonemia on nitrogen and glucose metabolism and on urinary electrolyte excretion, pancreatic glucagon was administered as a continuous 3-day infusion to three adult-onset non-insulin-dependent diabetics and two insulin-treated juvenile diabetics while on a constant dietary intake. The glucagon infusion resulted in increases in plasma glucagon which were 4-6 fold greater than control values. Despite prolonged hyperglucagonemia, urinary glucose excretion was unchanged. Similarly, urinary urea nitrogen and total nitrogen excretion were not altered by glucagon administration. Urinary sodium tended to rise, albeit not significantly (p less than .01), on the first infusion day, but later declined to control values despite increasing plasma glucagon concentrations. Urinary chloride, potassium, calcium, phosphorus excretion remained unchanged. We conclude that continuous physiologic increments in plasma glucagon do not enhance glycosuria or increase protein catabolism and ureagenesis in diabetes when insulin is available. The augmented protein catabolism and glucogenesis that accompany diabetic ketoacidosis cannot be explained primarily on the basis of hyperglucagonemia.
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PMID:Influence of physiologic hyperglucagonemia on urinary glucose, nitrogen, and electrolyte excretion in diabetes. 83 43

The effect of ethanol on stimulus-induced insulin secretion was studied, and possible mechanisms were examined in fasting unanesthetized and unrestrained rats with indwelling jugular and aortic catheters. Glucose (150 mg.) or tolbutamide (10 mg.) was given rapidly, i.v., one hour after agavage of ethanol or saline (control). Acutely, ethanol treatment caused marked inhibition of glucose-induced insulin secretion and impaired glucose disappearance rate. Tolbutamide-induced insulin secretion was also significantly inhibited, and decline in glucose was significantly less in ethanol-treated rats. In response to ethanol, serum calcium concentration significantly declined for two hours. In another study, an ethanol metabolite, acetate (0.4 micronmole/min.) or vehicle (control) was infused for 60 minutes prior to 150 mg. glucose pulse. Acetate priming significantly potentiated glucose-induced insulin secretion and also improved glucose tolerance. It is proposed that (1) ethanol in vivo acutely induces hypocalcemia, which inhibits glucose- and tolbutamide-induced insulin secretion--which, in turn, causes glucose intolerance and prevents tolbutamide-induced hypoglycemia. (2)Acetate might be the actual petentiating influence on glucose-induced insulin secretion observed several hours after ethanol treatment.
Diabetes 1977 Apr
PMID:Effect of ethanol on stimulus-induced insulin secretion and glucose tolerance. A study of mechanisms. 84 8

In this study, diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of dithizone. In dithizonised diabetic animals, the levels of serum zinc, iron, and potassium were found to be higher than normal, while those of serum calcium and sodium were lower. Copper and magnesium levels were unchanged. After treatment with insulin, most of these serum levels approached the normal, except for serum potassium and magnesium.
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PMID:Serum mineral changes in dithizone-induced diabetes before and after insulin treatment. 85 79

North American Indians have a higher morbidity from gallbladder disease, diabetes mellitus and obesity than other North Americans; this may result from their food intake. Nutrient intake and meal patterns were compared in 120 Micmac Indian and 115 Caucasian women in Shubenacadie, NS. Findings were compared with the Canadian Dietary Standard (CDS) and the Nutrition Canada national and Indian survey reports. The diet of Indian women had higher carbohydrate, lower protein and lower fibre content than that of Caucasian women, who derived a higher percentage of energy from protein and had a higher intake of vitamin A, niacin and ascorbic acid. Overnight fast was longer among Indian women. A high percentage of all women studied reported diets that did not reach the CDS for total energy intake in kilocalories or for calcium, iron, vitamin A, thiamin or riboflavin.
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PMID:Nutrient intake and meal patterns of Micmac indian and Caucasian women in Shubenacadie, NS. 86 96

Under conditions of stimulation with pancreozymine (in doses of 1.5 and 0.5 Units/kg), a specific stimulant of the enzyme secretion of the pancreas, there occurred a significant fall of the concentration and of the amount of lipase and trypsin in the duodenal contents of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus for over 5 years (20 investigations) in comparison with the indices in 14 healthy persons. No disturbances of amylase secretion were found in diabetes. Proceeding from the evidence on the role played by calcium and cyclic 3'--5'-adenosinmonophosphate in the regulation of the external pancreatic secretion the effect of calcium gluconate and euphylline was tested; they appeared to be effective stimulants of pancreatic secretion of the enzymes in patients with diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[Use of pancreozymin for detection of pancreatic enzyme-secreting insufficiency in diabetic patients and selection of methods of treatment]. 93 82

In 428 non selected diabetics, the authors determined the metacarpus index of Barnett-Nordin. Upon comparing the data with those of the control group it was shown that opposite to most references one has not to reckon in diabetes with the development of porosis and also that the decrease of the calcium content concomitant with age, respectively, does not significantly differ from that of the control group. Spontaneous vertebral compression occurred more rarely in diabetics than would have been expected on the basis of the literary data. The relation was examined between the type of diabetes, the time of its persisting and osteoporosis. The difference in the observations--compared to the previous ones - is, by the authors, assigned to the fact that nowadays no such lasting and severe metabolic disturbances develop in diabetics that would lead to rare-faction of the bony system and also that hormonal factors can become effective against the development of osteoporosis.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. 97 9

Patients with severe thalassaemia major suffer endocrine and other abnormalities before their eventual death from iron overload due to repeated blood transfusions. The endocrine status of 31 thalassaemic patients aged 2-5 to 23 years was investigated. Exact data were available on the rate and duration of blood transfusion in all of them and in many the liver iron concentration was also known. Although the patients were euthyroid, the mean serum thyroxine level was significantly lower, and the mean thyrotrophic hormone level significantly higher, compared with the values found in normal children. Forty oral glucose tolerance tests with simultaneous insulin levels were performed in 19 children, of whom 5 developed symptomatic diabetes and one had impaired tolerance. Previous tests on all 6 patients were available and some showed raised insulin levels possibly due to insulin resistance. 2 patients had clinical hypoparathyroidism and are described. The parathyroid hormone levels determined by radioimmunoassay in 25 patients were below the mean for the age group in all and outside the reference range in 16. Nonfasting plasma calcium levels were not reduced. Puberty was delayed in some patients. Concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) measured in urine from 7 girls and 5 boys showed considerable variation. In the boys there was an overall tendency for FSH and LH excretion to be low with regard to age, but with respect to puberty rating FSH exretions were normal or low and LH normal or raised. The girls showed a tendency for LH but not FSH excretion to be raised in relation to puberty rating. The severity of the endocrine changes was related to the degree of iron loading and is discussed in relation to previous work in which the iron loading has rarely been accurately indicated nor parathyroid status assessed.
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PMID:Hormonal changes in thalassaemia major. 100 88

Separately collected parotid and submaxillary salivary samples from 20 diabetic and 20 matched control subjects were analyzed for flow rate, electrolyte content and immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG and IgM) levels. Flow rates did not vary significantly between the two groups of subjects; calcium ion content, however, was higher in the diabetic subjects for both salivary glands. The presence of salivary IgI in 6 of 10 patients was also a significant finding. Any attempt to draw a conclusion between the severity of periodontal disease and Diabetes Mellitus from the above findings is still speculative but does indicate further areas of research.
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PMID:Salivary alterations in diabetes mellitus. 105 51


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