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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oral treatment with maltol or bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) [BMOV] alters the biochemical activity of the rat liver Golgi marker enzyme, i.e., galactosyltransferase (GalT), and the organelle morphology in a relatively short time. Four groups of rats were investigated: control (C), treated with BMOV for 2 days (pVC), treated with BMOV for 7 days (C+V), and treated with maltol alone for 7 days (C+M). All drugs were administered as drinking solutions. These conditions were used, because normalization of galactosyltransferase activity (GalT) and morphology of rat liver Golgi complexes were previously found by us in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. In this paper, we present the influence of BMOV or maltol alone (as a vanadium ligand in BMOV compound) on rat liver Golgi complexes. The lowest statistically significant enzyme activity, in comparison with three other groups of rats (p < 0.01), was found in rats treated with BMOV solution for two days (pVC). Liver Golgi complexes in these rats showed relatively slight changes as compared with controls. The activity of GalT was similar to controls of the C+V and C+M groups. Morphological examinations of the Golgi apparatus in rats treated with vanadium salts revealed a slightly increased secretory activity. In response to various agents used in experiments, the Golgi complexes were generally reduced in size, except for the (C+M) group. Not only cisternae, but also vacuoles and associated vesicles on both sides of stacks were reduced in almost all Golgi structures. Ultrastructural findings were generally in agreement (except for pVC group) with biochemical results (yields of liver Golgi-rich fractions, activity of galactosyltransferase) obtained in the same rats.
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PMID:Biochemical and morphological alterations in rat liver Golgi complexes after treatment with bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) [BMOV] or maltol alone. 1098 19

A very large body of research has been devoted to diabetes mellitus with the goal of better understanding this complex disease for better patient treatment. Pathophysiological research in the rat has focused on Pharmacological research suggests that vanadium could be a possible therapeutic agent due to its activity on insulin secretion and its peripheral insulinomimetic properties. Results suggest that the antidiabetic properties of vanadium result from Vanadium derivatives thus comprise a novel class of compounds with promising therapeutic potential and favorable pharmacokinetic properties (oral administration).
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PMID:[Vanadium and diabetes: pancreatic and peripheral insulinomimetic properties] [In Process Citation] 1106 Apr 13

Vanadium compounds as insulin mimics with promising therapeutic properties are reviewed. The biological effects of both inorganic forms of vanadium and vanadyl organic complexes are decried for various animal models. These effects include hypoglycemic and insulin reserve actions, insulin sensitivity enhance, cholesterol lowering and other manifestations. The effectiveness of vanadium compounds in diabetes treatment is confirmed with clinical trials. The possible mechanisms of insulin-like effects of vanadium are discussed. The various nutritional supplements for patients with diabetes mellitus including vanadium-contained used in Russia and abroad are also considered.
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PMID:[Vanadium compounds--a new class of therapeutic agents for the treatment of diabetes mellitus]. 1107 17

The demonstration that the trace element vanadium has insulin-like properties in isolated cells and tissues and in vivo has generated considerable enthusiasm for its potential therapeutic value in human diabetes. However, the mechanisms by which vanadium induces its metabolic effects in vivo remain poorly understood, and whether vanadium directly mimics or rather enhances insulin effects is considered in this review. It is clear that vanadium treatment results in the correction of several diabetes-related abnormalities in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and in gene expression. However, many of these in vivo insulin-like effects can be ascribed to the reversal of defects that are secondary to hyperglycemia. The observations that the glucose-lowering effect of vanadium depends on the presence of endogenous insulin whereas metabolic homeostasis in control animals appears not to be affected, suggest that vanadium does not act completely independently in vivo, but augments tissue sensitivity to low levels of plasma insulin. Another crucial consideration is one of dose-dependency in that insulin-like effects of vanadium in isolated cells are often demonstrated at high concentrations that are not normally achieved by chronic treatment in vivo and may induce toxic side effects. In addition, vanadium appears to be selective for specific actions of insulin in some tissues while failing to influence others. As the intracellular active forms of vanadium are not precisely defined, the site(s) of action of vanadium in metabolic and signal transduction pathways is still unknown. In this review, we therefore examine the evidence for and against the concept that vanadium is truly an insulin-mimetic agent at low concentrations in vivo. In considering the effects of vanadium on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, we conclude that vanadium acts not globally, but selectively and by enhancing, rather than by mimicking the effects of insulin in vivo.
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PMID:Mechanisms of vanadium action: insulin-mimetic or insulin-enhancing agent? 1107 84

Five classes of oral hypoglycaemic drugs and two trace minerals used to treat diabetes mellitus in humans are reviewed and current knowledge on the use of these drugs in diabetic dogs and cats is presented. Oral sulphonylurea drugs stimulate insulin secretion and have been used successfully to treat diabetes in cats but not dogs. Preliminary studies evaluating the efficacy of the biguanide, metformin, in diabetic cats have not been promising. Pharmacokinetic studies have been performed in healthy cats, but clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of the insulin-sensitising drugs, thiazolidinediones, have not been reported. Treatment with the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose, improved control of glycaemia in diabetic dogs; similar studies have not been reported in cats. Although chromium picolinate did not improve control of glycaemia in diabetic dogs, vanadium has improved control of the abnormality in diabetic cats.
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PMID:Oral medications for treating diabetes mellitus in dogs and cats. 1110 86

Vanadyl sulfate (VOSO(4)) is an oxidative form of vanadium that in vitro and in animal models of diabetes has been shown to reduce hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Small clinical studies of 2- to 4-week duration in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have led to inconsistent results. To define its efficacy and mechanism of action, 11 type 2 diabetic patients were treated with VOSO(4) at a higher dose (150 mg/day) and for a longer period of time (6 weeks) than in previous studies. Before and after treatment we measured insulin secretion during an oral glucose tolerance test, and endogenous glucose production (EGP) and whole body insulin-mediated glucose disposal using the euglycemic insulin clamp technique combined [3-(3)H]glucose infusion. Treatment significantly improved glycemic control: fasting plasma glucose (FPG) decreased from 194 +/- 16 to 155 +/- 15 mg/dL, hemoglobin A(1c) decreased from 8.1 +/- 0.4 to 7.6 +/- 0.4%, and fructosamine decreased from 348 +/- 26 to 293 +/- 12 micromol/L (all P < 0.01) without any change in body weight. Diabetics had an increased rate of EGP compared with nondiabetic controls (4.1 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.7 +/- 0.2 mg/kg lean body mass.min; P< 0.001), which was closely correlated with FPG (r = 0.56; P< 0.006). Vanadyl sulfate reduced EGP by about 20% (P< 0.01), and the decline in EGP was correlated with the reduction in FPG (r = 0.60; P< 0.05). Vanadyl sulfate also caused a modest increase in insulin-mediated glucose disposal (from 4.3 +/- 0.4 to 5.1 +/- 0.6 mg/kg lean body mass x min; P< 0.03), although the improvement in insulin sensitivity did not correlate with the decline in FPG after treatment (r = -0.16; P = NS). Vanadyl sulfate treatment lowered the plasma total cholesterol (223 +/- 14 vs. 202 +/- 16 mg/dL; P < 0.01) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (141 +/- 14 vs. 129 +/- 14 mg/dL; P < 0.05), whereas 24-h ambulatory blood pressure was unaltered. We conclude that VOSO(4) at maximal tolerated doses for 6 weeks improves hepatic and muscle insulin sensitivity in T2DM. The glucose-lowering effect of VOSO(4) correlated well with the reduction in EGP, but not with insulin-mediated glucose disposal, suggesting that liver, rather than muscle, is the primary target of VOSO(4) action at therapeutic doses in T2DM.
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PMID:Vanadyl sulfate improves hepatic and muscle insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. 1123 40

A new vanadyl complex, bis(5-iodopicolinato)oxovanadium(IV), VO(IPA)2, with a VO(N2O2) coordination mode, was prepared by mixing 5-iodopicolinic acid and VOSO4 at pH 5, with the structure characterized by electronic absorption, IR, and EPR spectra. Introduction of the halogen atom on to the ligand enhanced the in vitro insulinomimetic activity (IC50 = 0.45 mM) compared with that of bis(picolinato)oxovanadium(IV) (IC50 = 0.59 mM). The hyperglycemia of streptozotocin-induced insulin-dependent diabetic rats was normalized when VO(IPA)2 was given by daily intraperitoneal injection. The normoglycemic effect continued for more than 14 days after the end of treatment. To understand the insulinomimetic action of VO(IPA)2, the organ distribution of vanadium and the blood disposition of vanadyl species were investigated. In diabetic rats treated with VO(IPA)2, vanadium was distributed in almost all tissues examined, especially in bone, indicating that the action of vanadium is not peripheral. Vanadyl concentrations in the blood of normal rats given VO(IPA)2 remain significantly higher and longer than those given other complexes because of its slower clearance rate. VO(IPA)2 binds with the membrane of erythrocytes, probably owing to its high hydrophobicity in addition to its binding with serum albumin. The longer residence of vanadyl species shows the higher normoglyceric effects of VO(IPA)2 among three complexes with the VO(N2O2) coordination mode. On the basis of these results, VO(IPA)2 is indicated to be a preferred agent to treat insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in experimental animals.
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PMID:A new halogenated antidiabetic vanadyl complex, bis(5-iodopicolinato)oxovanadium(IV): in vitro and in vivo insulinomimetic evaluations and metallokinetic analysis. 1129 6

Vanadium exhibits a variety of insulin-mimetic actions in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism(s) of the effect of vanadium on leptin in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, a model of Type 2 diabetes, is unclear. Since insulin is a stimulator of leptin production and secretion and vanadium is an insulin-mimetic or insulin-enhancing agent, we studied how vanadium affected plasma leptin levels in vivo and the relationship between plasma insulin, leptin and body fat in ZDF rats. Zucker lean and ZDF rats at 9-week old were chronically treated with bis(ethylmaltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (BEOV), an organic vanadium compound, by oral gavage daily for 3 weeks. At termination, the total body fat was weighed and blood was collected for insulin, leptin and glucose assay. BEOV treatment (0.1 mmol/kg/day) significantly decreased plasma glucose levels in ZDF rats and did not change food intake and body fat content either in lean or ZDF rats. Following 3-week treatment, plasma insulin and leptin levels in BEOV treated ZDF rats were significantly higher, 1.5 and 0.5 fold than untreated rats, respectively. The correlation coefficients in ZDF rats showed that plasma leptin levels were correlated to plasma insulin levels, but not to body fat. These data indicate that plasma leptin levels parallel plasma insulin levels, and the effects of vanadium on leptin appear to be mediated by insulin in ZDF rats.
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PMID:Effect of vanadium on insulin and leptin in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. 1133 Aug 43

People on protease inhibitors (PIs) may develop problems controlling their blood sugar, and may also have an increased risk of diabetes. An Australian study found that 25 percent of people on PIs had problems with glucose levels, possibly resulting from PI-induced insulin resistance. Supplements with the trace element Vanadium may help control blood sugar. Research conducted during the 1990s, showed that Vanadium sulfate supplementation significantly reduced blood sugar levels. Vanadium is found in foods such as navy beans, peas, and squash. The element has some insulin-like activity, but can be toxic because it aids in the production of free radicals. Capsules containing less toxic forms of Vanadium are under development.
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PMID:Vanadium - help for blood sugar problems? 1136 36

Aqueous vanadate and aqueous tungstate have been known to mimic all or most of the actions of insulin in intact cell systems with respect to normalization of the blood glucose level. By carrying out oral administration in vivo experiments on the blood glucose level of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes (STZ mice), the insulin-mimetic (IM) effects of metal-oxide clusters of all-inorganic composition were examined using many types of polyoxometalates (POM) with and without vanadium substitution. Several homo-POM and vanadium-substituted POM showed hypoglycemic effects. The observed hypoglycemic effects indicated that POM with the Dawson structure [[alpha-P(2)W(18)O(62)](6-) (W-2), [alpha-P(2)W(17)V(V)O(62)](7-) (V-19) and [alpha-1,2,3-P(2)W(15)V(V)(3)O(62)](9-) (V-04)] are more effective than those with the Keggin structure [[alpha-PW(12)O(40)](3-) (W-1), [alpha-PW(11)V(V)O(40)](4-) (V-01), [alpha-1,2-PW(10)V(V)(2)O(40)](5-) (V-02), [alpha-1,2,3-PW(9)V(V)(3)O(40)](6-) (V-03) and [alpha-1,4,9-PW(9)V(V)(3)O(40)](6-) (V-13)]. The vanadate cluster [V(10)O(28)](6-) (V-15) also showed a hypoglycemic effect. (31)P and (51)V NMR measurements showed that the Dawson POM (W-2, V-04 and V-19) are stable in aqueous solution under the conditions used. The effect of all POM on the body weight of STZ mice was also examined. The decrease in body weight after administration of W-2 was much less than for V-19, V-04 and V-15. This suggests that not only monomeric tungstate and vanadate, but also the structure factors of tungstate and vanadate clusters, can play a significant role in their biological action.
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PMID:Insulin mimetic effect of a tungstate cluster. Effect of oral administration of homo-polyoxotungstates and vanadium-substituted polyoxotungstates on blood glucose level of STZ mice. 1158 83


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