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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of copper and insulin on lipogenesis and glucose tolerance were studied using diabetic, copper-deficient rats. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg streptozotocin/kg body weight to rats fed a sucrose-copper deficient diet for 7 weeks. Five days later the rats were injected intraperitoneally with [14C]glucose with either saline, insulin, copper, or copper plus insulin. The disappearance of serum [14C]glucose at 30, 60, and 120 min postinjection and the incorporation of [14C]glucose into lipid of epididymal fat 2 hr after administration were determined. The combined effect of copper and insulin significantly decreased peak blood glucose at 30 min and increased the incorporation of [14C]glucose into lipid in the epididymal fat pad when compared to either copper or insulin alone. The enhancement of glucose utilization may be due to a formation of a more stable complex which will increase insulin binding and/or decrease its degradation.
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PMID:Effect of copper or insulin in diabetic copper-deficient rats. 634 92

The influence of the chemically diabetic condition on urinary excretion of zinc, copper and iron was investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with streptozotocin to induce insulin-dependent diabetes (day 0) and 24-hour urinary collections taken 1, 4, 7, 10 and 14 days later. Onset of the diabetic condition was correlated with a rapid and persistent increase in the amounts of the three trace metals excreted daily in the urine. Diabetic rats excreted 3.4-, 5.0- and 4.9-fold more zinc, copper and iron, respectively, than controls in the urine on day 14. Insulin treatment of diabetic rats significantly reduced the quantities of the micronutrients excreted in urine, suggesting that altered hormonal status was the primary cause of increased urinary losses. Enhanced urinary output of the metals was not associated with reduction in the plasma, liver and kidney contents of zinc, copper and iron. Urinary trace metal excretion was correlated with food ingestion and urinary volume with greater amounts lost during the dark period for control and diabetic animals. The influence of endocrine status on urinary excretion of trace metals is discussed.
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PMID:Urinary excretion of zinc, copper and iron in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat. 636 37

Alloxan treated rats with diabetes of 6 weeks' and 15 months' duration respectively were submitted to local cutaneous traumatization with heat and the changes in zinc and copper metabolism were studied. All diabetic animals were hyperzincemic before the traumatization. Previous experiments have demonstrated a fall in serum zinc concentration after traumatization, and this reaction was more pronounced in short term diabetic rats than in controls. In the present study this reaction was less pronounced in the diabetic rats than in the non diabetic controls 15 months after alloxan injection. A time-dependent factor in the development of granulocytic dysfunction is suggested as a cause for the differences in zinc metabolism found between rats with short term and long term alloxan diabetes respectively. The only change in copper metabolism found in this study was a slight increase in copper concentration in the liver after traumatization of rats with alloxan diabetes of 15 months' duration.
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PMID:Zinc metabolism in long term alloxan diabetic rats after thermal trauma. 659 52

Zinc, iron and copper concentrations were measured in several organs from streptozotocin-diabetic and normal male, Long-Evans rats that were maintained for 21 days on a dietary regimen designed to study the combined or singular effects of insulin-dependent diabetes, dietary protein and dietary minerals on the tissue content of trace metals. The diets contained either 20 ppm zinc and iron, 5 ppm copper and 20% protein (HMHP); 8 ppm zinc and iron, 2 ppm copper and 8.3% protein (LMLP); 20 ppm zinc and iron, 5 ppm copper and 8.3% protein (HMLP) or 8 ppm zinc and iron, 2 ppm copper and 20% protein (LMHP). The concentrations of zinc, iron and copper in liver, zinc and iron in kidney and iron in femur were elevated in the diabetic rats and were not influenced by dietary protein and mineral interaction. However, dietary protein, mineral or protein X mineral interaction significantly affected trace metal concentrations of several organs in diabetic rats but had no significant effect in normal rats. Specifically, copper concentration in kidney and duodenum of diabetic rats were influenced by protein X mineral interaction, duodenal zinc concentrations were higher in diabetic rats fed high mineral diets (HMHP and HMLP) compared to diabetic rats fed low mineral diets (LMHP and LMLP) and femur zinc concentration was higher in diabetic rats fed high protein diets (HMHP and LMLP) compared to diabetic rats fed low protein diets (HMLP and LMLP). While hepatic picolinic carboxylase was elevated severalfold in diabetic rats, it was highest in the diabetic rats fed high protein diets (HPHM and HPLM) suggesting that picolinic acid may, at least in part, mediate the effects of dietary protein and minerals on tissue trace metal concentrations in diabetic rats.
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PMID:Effects of the interrelationship between dietary protein and minerals on tissue content of trace metals in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. 669 77

The influences of acute and chronic insulin-dependent diabetes on copper and zinc status of liver, kidney, and intestine were investigated in rats at 0-4 wk after streptozotocin (STZ) treatment. The concentration and the tissue contents of copper in liver and kidney were significantly elevated by 1 wk after STZ injection and increased thereafter, attaining levels two- and fivefold higher, respectively, than controls by 4 wk. Increased concentrations of zinc were also present in liver and kidney at 7 and 2 days after treatment, respectively, but zinc accumulated to a lesser degree than copper. In contrast, the concentration of copper and zinc in duodenum from control and all STZ-diabetic groups were similar. Increased and decreased quantities of copper and zinc were bound to metallothionein (MT) in liver and kidney, respectively, within 2 days after STZ injection. Thereafter, the quantities of both metals associated with MT increased with time in both tissues. Additional changes in zinc distribution in hepatic cytosol occurred prior to significant increases in the concentration of this metal in the tissue. The potential significance of altered trace metal metabolism during short-term changes in endocrine status and adverse effects of heavy metal accumulation during chronic hormonal imbalance are discussed.
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PMID:Hepatic and renal metabolism of copper and zinc in the diabetic rat. 682 71

Serum concentrations of iron, copper, zinc and magnesium were determined in 27 Swedish children with well controlled diabetes without longterm diabetic complications. Thirteen of the diabetic children had age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Significantly lower serum magnesium concentrations were found in the diabetic children than in the matched healthy controls (p less than 0.01). The levels of iron, copper and zinc did not differ in the diabetic children from those in the controls. A negative correlation between serum magnesium level and duration of diabetes was found (p less than 0.05). This is seemingly the first report of hypomagnesemia in diabetic children.
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PMID:Hypomagnesemia in diabetic children. 688 Jul 23

Insulin stimulates the production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in various tissues. Hydrogen peroxide has been proposed to be an intracellular second messenger for insulin and a moderator of cellular proliferation and differentiation. We previously found that cell proliferation is increased in small intestinal mucosa of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The current study was undertaken to determine if superoxide dismutase (SOD), the enzyme that converts superoxide to hydrogen peroxide, is altered in the mucosa of the alimentary tract and renal cortex of the diabetic rat, and if so, whether SOD responds to insulin treatment. Total SOD and cyanide-insensitive [manganese-containing SOD (Mn SOD)] SOD were measured by the nitroblue tetrazolium inhibition assay. We studied ad libitum fed animals, where diabetics are hyperphagic and pair-fed animals, where hyperphagia is not present. Since cyclic nucleotides appear to control cell proliferation in some tissues, we also measured cAMP and cGMP in mucosa of the small intestine. In ad libitum fed animals, total SOD was depressed in the mucosa of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, but not in the cecum or colon of the streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The level of Mn-SOD was not affected by diabetes or insulin treatment, but the cyanide-sensitive [copper- and zinc containing SOD (Cu-Zn SOD] SOD was depressed in the small intestine and colon of diabetic rats. Insulin treatment restored total and Cu-Zn SOD activity in the small intestine to normal and increased Cu-Zn SOD activity in the colon to normal. Pair-fed animals showed the same changes in the SOD activity of jejunal mucosa that were found in ad libitum fed animals. In renal cortex, diabetes did not alter total SOD, but increased Mn SOD and decreased Cu-Zn SOD. Both responses were reversed by insulin treatment. Cyclic nucleotide concentrations were not affected by diabetes. We conclude that SOD enzymes re altered in diabetes, at least in proliferating tissues. Responses are tissue specific. The mucosa of the small intestine and colon show decreased Cu-Zn SOD, the SOD of the cecum is unaffected, and the kidney shows increased Mn SOD and decreased Cu-Zn SOD. The SOD responses of diabetics are reversed by insulin treatment.
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PMID:Superoxide dismutase activity in the intestine of the streptozotocin-diabetic rat. 704 72

Epidemiologic characteristics were studied in a sample of 50 patients with pancreatic cancer admitted at various hospitals of Athens during an 18-month period, and in 206 controls hospitalized during the same period with diagnoses other than cancer, and disorders of liver or pancreas. Trace elements (Cu, Zn, Mg) were determined in all cancer cases and in 63 controls by the Perkin-Elmer model 306 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The main findings were as follows: Cancer of the pancreas was associated with cigarette smoking (relative risk 2.7; P less than 0.05), diabetes mellitus (relative risk 2.1; P less than 0.05), and cholelithiasis (relative risk 3.5; P less than 0.05), but not with alcohol drinking (relative risk 0.7; P less than 0.20) and some other variables. There was a statistically significant increase of serum copper in patients suffering from pancreatic cancer in comparison with noncancer hospital controls. No consistent differences were found with respect to zinc and magnesium.
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PMID:Epidemiologic characteristics and trace elements in pancreatic cancer in Greece. 734 6

Local heat trauma was induced in rats with alloxan diabetes of 3 days duration. Zinc and copper concentrations in serum, liver, heart and pancreas were estimated. After traumatization there was a decrease of the serum zinc concentration in all animals. The lowest concentration was found in the diabetic animals. Serum copper concentrations were lower both in traumatized and nontraumatized diabetic animals compared with controls. The serum copper concentration was slightly lower in traumatized compared with nontraumatized animals in both diabetic animals and controls. In the liver there was an increase of zinc and copper concentration in both groups of traumatized animals, but especially in the diabetic animals. In pancreas there was a decrease in the zinc concentration in traumatized and nontraumatized diabetic animals compared with controls.
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PMID:Early changes in zinc and copper metabolism in rats with alloxan diabetes of short duration after local traumatization with heat. 738 60

Isoniazid has been shown by in vitro study to reduce Clinitest tablets. The effect of isoniazid on urine glucose tests was investigated in 30 patients by comparing commonly used glucose oxidase methods to Clinitest. Study results indicate that isoniazid does not cause clinically significant interference with the copper reduction method for urine glucose determination.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Noneffect of isoniazid on urine glucose tests. 740 15


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