Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oral contraceptive users suffering from diabetes mellitus experience different side effects from other women. The reliability of the pill is also different. 2 studies demonstrated a connection between fatal or nonfatal heart attacks in young women suffering from diabetes mellitus who also were taking the pill. Lower estrogen pills were found to have fewer side effects for this group. The same is true for lower gestagens. 4 pregnancies occurred out of 118 women aged 18-24 with diabetes mellitus type 1 and using IUDs. No pregnancies occurred in the 2nd year. IUD complaints and removals over a 2-year period were the same in the control group of 914 women not suffering from diabetes mellitus. In 1980, much was made of the fact that 11 out of 30 women suffering from diabetes mellitus using IUDs became pregnant within 1 year. IUDs were removed, showing 40% more sulphur chloride, but no copper deterioration. These findings were not conclusive, and there was no reason to advise women suffering from diabetes mellitus against using IUDs. The chances of side effects from the pill and IUD are the same for women who do not suffer from diabetes mellitus. If there is no preference between pill or the IUD, the latter is advised. Only women suffering from diabetes mellitus cannot quit smoking will be advised against using the pill. Patients wishing to become pregnant should consult their doctors so that IUDs can be removed.
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PMID:[Contraception in women with diabetes mellitus]. 395 91

The Thermal Sensitivity Tester (TST) is a portable device designed to quantify the ability to discriminate small differences in temperature at the distal extremities of the hands and feet. The testing surfaces are two identical nickel-coated copper plates, which can be set and maintained over a wide range of temperature levels. The threshold for detecting the colder surface is determined using a two-alternative, forced-choice algorithm. The mean threshold in the normal population is 0.67 degree C and 1.01 degree C for the index finger and great toe, respectively. The TST is especially useful in diabetic neuropathy and for rapid screening of large populations under field conditions.
Diabetes 1986 May
PMID:Thermal sensitivity tester. Device for quantitative assessment of thermal sense in diabetic neuropathy. 395 85

Midshaft femur fractures are not expected in the newborn, particularly with the currently increased cesarean section rate. Such injuries have occurred when the mother had uterine myomas or diabetes or when the fetus had intrauterine growth retardation or osteoporosis secondary to copper deficiency, but they can also occur in newborn infants with normal weights and healthy mothers.
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PMID:Fractured femur of the newborn at cesarean section. A case report. 399 71

Many epidemiologists have found a correlation between copper and zinc in the community environment and diseases, such as myocardial and vascular pathologies, and diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the total daily intake of these two metals in cooked food, drinking water and air and their respective levels in blood and urine. A chronobiological methodology has been adopted to establish the reference values of these two metals in biological samples. It has been observed that the daily intake of copper is within the recommended value, whereas its urinary excretion is high. The daily intake of zinc is below the recommended value and its urinary excretion is also high. Both the metals showed a temporal oscillation pattern in blood and urine. A possible chronic zinc deficiency has been anticipated in this particular ethnic group of vegetarian food habit.
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PMID:Copper and zinc level in biological samples from healthy subjects of vegetarian food habit in reference to community environment. 402 6

Despite improvements in prenatal care, there is a high incidence of congenital malformations in diabetic pregnancies. Not only is the diabetic patient characterized by a disorder of total fuel metabolism, but abnormal trace element metabolism occurs as well. In the present study, maternal and fetal zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) status has been studied in Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Wistar rats. In addition, the effect of maternal diabetes on fetal development was also investigated. Rats were injected 27 days before mating with streptozocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg) in citrate buffer. On day 20 of gestation, litters were taken by cesarean section. Fetuses from diabetic dams weighed less, and had shorter crown-rump lengths and larger placentas than fetuses from controls. Evaluation of fetal skeletal development revealed fewer calcified sternal sites, anterior phalanges and caudal vertebrae, and an increased frequency of malformations in fetuses of diabetic dams. In dams, diabetics had larger adrenals, kidneys, and liver, and smaller thymus. Abnormal trace element metabolism was evident in diabetic dams and their fetuses. Mn was elevated in maternal liver, kidney and placenta of diabetic animals as well as in fetal liver of pups from diabetic dams. Maternal Cu and Zn levels were also higher in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats. In contrast, fetal liver Zn from fetuses of diabetic mothers was significantly decreased when compared with controls. These results suggest that diabetes may have induced fetal Zn deficiency. If this deficiency is present during embryogenesis/organogenesis, this could be one of the mechanisms of the teratogenicity of the diabetic state.
Diabetes 1985 Oct
PMID:The effect of maternal diabetes on trace element status and fetal development in the rat. 404 53

In this study metal-conjugated concanavalin A (Con A) and Bandieraea simplicifolia isolectin II (BSA II) have been applied to sections from kidneys of control rats and rats which had untreated diabetes for 70 days or for 200 days. Lectin binding was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis of ferritin-iron or hemocyanin-copper. Con A binding increased significantly with diabetes; was totally blocked by alpha-D-mannoside; was not inhibited by fructose lysine; and was enhanced by NaHB4 preincubation. BSA II binding also increased significantly with diabetes.
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PMID:Lectin binding in the diabetic rat kidney. 404 12

Diabetic rats (alloxan diabetes) were exposed to cadmium (2 mg kg-1 i.p.) daily for 21 days to investigate the levels of blood glucose, biogenic amines and iron, copper, zinc and cadmium in the brain. Cadmium exposure to diabetic rats produced a significant exacerbation in the hyperglycemic effect and accumulation of cadmium in the blood compared with that observed after diabetes or cadmium exposure alone. The elevation in the levels of brain dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine were also more pronounced in cadmium-exposed diabetic rats compared with either cadmium exposure or diabetes alone. Cadmium exposure to diabetic rats also produced significant changes in the concentrations of copper in the blood. These results indicated enhanced cadmium toxicity in diabetic rats.
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PMID:Biogenic amines and some metals in brain of cadmium-exposed diabetic rats. 407 19

Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) is present in relatively high concentrations in the beta-cells of human islets. The activity of the extracted enzyme is partially inhibited upon incubation with the diabetogenic drugs alloxan, streptozotocin, or Vacor. The role of this enzyme in protecting beta-cells against chemically induced diabetes was further investigated. Incubation of intact canine islets with alloxan (0.2 mg/ml) and 4 mM glucose decreased the insulin secretory response by 87% during subsequent exposure to 28 mM glucose. Concomitantly the SOD-specific activity (units of enzyme activity per milligram immunoreactive SOD) decreased 50% in alloxan-exposed islets. When islets were protected from alloxan toxicity by including 28 mM glucose with alloxan, the insulin secretory response and SOD specific activity remained identical to controls. Thus, SOD specific activity correlates with maintenance of beta-cell function. To test the effectiveness of SOD against streptozotocin in vitro, canine islets were incubated 10 min with or without streptozotocin (0.1 mg/ml) with 4 mM glucose; their functional integrity was tested subsequently as the insulin secretory response to 28 mM glucose. Exposure to streptozotocin alone decreased the response by 70%; inclusion of SOD (1.5 mg/ml) before and during exposure to streptozotocin completely prevented this effect. Cyanide-inactivated SOD was not effective. The potential of SOD to prevent streptozotocin-induced diabetes was tested in rats in vivo. SOD injected 10 s or 50 min before streptozotocin prevented or significantly attenuated diabetes. Injection of SOD and streptozotocin simultaneously was much less effective, and cyanide-inactivated SOD was ineffective. No protection was afforded by injection of SOD 12 or 24 h before streptozotocin. Our results support hypotheses that (a) oxygen radicals mediate the beta-cell toxicity of both alloxan and streptozotocin, and (b) beta-cells may be particularly vulnerable to oxygen radical damage.
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PMID:Protective role of superoxide dismutase against diabetogenic drugs. 621 39

Experimental diabetes can be produced by agents with specific toxicity for pancreatic islet B cells. This effect has been reported to be modified both in vitro and in vivo by various radical scavengers including the enzyme superoxide dismutase. Copper(II)(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate)2 is lipophilic and possesses superoxide dismutase bioactivity. Prior administration of this compound to male rats appeared to attenuate the severity of streptozotocin-induced diabetes as assessed by glycosuria and glucose tolerance. Diisopropylsalicylate, which has no superoxide dismutase activity, did not alter the severity of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Rats treated with the copper complex, with streptozotocin or with a combination of the two agents gained 50% less weight than untreated controls, or rats treated with diisopropylsalicylate. The attenuation of diabetes by the copper-complex may represent partial protection of the B cells against streptozotocin damage, although an extrapancreatic, toxic effect cannot be ruled out.
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PMID:Attenuation of streptozotocin diabetes with superoxide dismutase-like copper(II)(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate)2 in the rat. 622 12

The level of superoxide anion was found to be significantly elevated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) from diabetic subjects as compared with those from normal subjects. This elevation was attributed to the significant reduction in the activities of both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD), the effect being more pronounced in the cytoplasmic fraction. Although the content of copper decreased considerably in the diabetic PMNL, the decrease in the zinc content was less significant, with an insignificant alteration in the content of manganese. PMNL obtained from insulin-treated diabetic patients showed considerable alleviation of SOD levels. The implication of these results are discussed herein.
Diabetes 1984 Jun
PMID:Superoxide dismutase in diabetic polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 632 38


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