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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Copper-zinc superoxide-dismutase (SOD-E.C. 1.15.1.1.) is present in high concentration in the beta-cells of pancreatic islets, and its specific activity correlates with maintenance of beta-cell function. In this paper the authors studied the effect of nickel chloride (s.c.) on alloxan toxicity. It was found that alloxan (100 mg x kg-1) inhibited insulin release of rats islets and thus, induced hyperglycemic response. The activity of erythrocytes and pancreatic SOD enzymes was partially inhibited upon alloxan treatment. It was found that nickel chloride (s.c. 10 mg x kg-1) produced stimulation of insulin release in rats treated by subcutaneous (s.c.) alloxan injection. The potential of NiCl2 to prevent alloxan induced diabetes was shown by the observed SOD specific activity increase in rats. In conclusion, our experiments show that nickel chloride prevented alloxan induced toxicity in rats.
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PMID:[Nickel chloride and alloxan. I. Determination of glucose, insulin and superoxide dismutase in blood and pancreas of rats]. 333 32

As part of an exploratory study of nutrition and senile cataract relationships between biochemical markers of nutritional status and senile cataract were examined in 112 subjects aged 40-70 y. Seventy-seven subjects had a cataract in at least one lens. Blood levels were determined for total carotenoids, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin C, riboflavin, thiamin, vitamin B-6, zinc, copper, selenium, and magnesium. Subjects were grouped into quintiles for each nutrient. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for cataract among subjects in the highest quintile and the middle three quintiles relative to subjects in the lowest quintile. ORs were adjusted for age, sex, race, and presence of diabetes. Results suggest that risk of cortical cataract was reduced for subjects in the highest quintile of vitamin D and total carotenoids and that persons with cataract may have lower levels of vitamin C and higher levels of vitamin B-6 and Se.
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PMID:Nutritional status in persons with and without senile cataract: blood vitamin and mineral levels. 338 22

The influence of chronic diabetes on zinc, copper and chromium status in the urine, plasma, liver, kidney, bone, muscle, lymphocytes and erythrocytes was investigated in rats 180 days after streptozotocin injection, in comparison to age matched normal rats. The concentration and tissue content of zinc and copper were increased significantly in the liver, femur, erythrocyte and lymphocyte of the diabetic rats in addition to an increase in their urinary loss. In contrast, the concentration of zinc, copper and chromium in the kidney of the diabetic rats and the concentration of copper in the muscle and of chromium in the liver of the diabetic rats were similar to those of the normal rats. There was also a marked deficiency of zinc in the muscle and of chromium in the bone of the diabetic rats. The potential significance of altered trace metal metabolism during long term changes in endocrine status, and the possible explanation and significance of the variable concentrations of essential metals in different organs of streptozotocin induced chronic diabetic rats is discussed. The importance of erythrocyte and leukocyte zinc concentration as a mirror to their relative concentration in other tissue of animals and humans with type I diabetes is raised.
Diabetes Res 1988 Jan
PMID:Influence of chronic diabetes on tissue and blood cells status of zinc, copper, and chromium in the rat. 340 63

This study was carried out to determine the relationships between blood trace metal concentrations and the clinical status of patients with cerebrovascular disease, gastric cancer and diabetes mellitus. The concentrations of blood trace metals were determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentrations were compared to clinical parameters such as blood biochemical parameters, CBC, etc. The contribution of blood trace elements to these three diseases and the possibilities for prophylaxis of these three diseases are discussed. The results obtained were as follow: 1. Patients with cerebrovascular disease showed generally lower concentrations than normal subjects, while the gender difference of the blood metal concentrations showed a pattern similar to that of normal subjects. In some combination, significant correlations were observed between blood metal concentrations and clinical biochemical parameters. 2. As the stage of gastric cancer advanced, blood copper concentrations increased. In all gastric cancer patients the blood copper concentration had a positive correlation with platelet counts, CEA and LDH, and a negative correlation with hemoglobin concentrations, hematocrit value and catalase. Plasma copper concentrations had a significant positive correlation with catalase. Corpuscular zinc concentrations had a significant positive correlation with platelet counts, CEA, ALP and LDH, and a significant negative correlation with hemoglobin concentration and GSH-Px. Corpuscular manganese concentrations had a significant positive correlation with CEA and LDH. 3. The blood copper concentration of patients with diabetes mellitus showed a distribution pattern similar to that of healthy subjects. Therefore, copper is not considered to be an important factor in diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients treated by insulin injection showed increased blood zinc concentrations. Chromium, which is contained in GTF (glucose tolerance factor), showed lower blood concentrations in patients with severe complications, such as retinopathy or nephropathy. Therefore, it appears that chromium plays an important role in advancing diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[Studies on the relationships between blood trace metal concentrations and the clinical status of patients with cerebrovascular disease, gastric cancer and diabetes mellitus]. 344 33

In diabetic women investigations have been performed covering the clinical consequences of intrauterine contraception and the influence on glucose and lipid metabolism of oral contraceptives. Insertion of copper-T intrauterine contraceptive devices in insulin-dependent diabetic women resulted in accidental pregnancy rates and total continuation rates after 12 months which were at the same levels as in non-diabetic women. No differences were observed in the maximum depth of corrosion or in the constitution of the corrosion products. The glucose tolerance as well as the serum lipoprotein levels remained unchanged when low-dose hormonal compounds were administered to women with a previous gestational diabetes. In insulin-dependent diabetic women it was found, that the use of oral contraceptives containing natural oestrogen may not give rise to difficulties with the diabetes control or disturbance in the lipid metabolism.
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PMID:Contraception in diabetic women. 353 63

Many drugs have been reported to interfere with copper-reduction or glucose oxidase tests used to measure urine glucose. However, only a few drugs or drug classes have been well documented to clinically interfere with these tests. The interfering drugs include ascorbic acid, beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., cephalosporins and penicillins), levodopa, and salicylates. Several other drugs may also interfere with certain urine glucose tests, but the interactions are poorly documented. These drugs include chloral hydrate, hyaluronidase, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, p-aminosalicylic acid, phenazopyridine, probenecid, and X-ray contrast media. Drugs or their metabolites that are strong reducing substances produce false-positive results by the copper-reduction method and false-negative results by the glucose oxidase method. The beta-lactam antibiotics interfere with copper-reduction tests by producing copper compounds of various colors that confuse interpretation of test results. Tables are provided that summarize the drug interferences discussed.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Review of drug interference with urine glucose tests. 355 7

Fifteen male Sprague-Dawley rats (250 g - 300 g) were randomly divided into 5 control and 10 diabetic. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection. Five diabetic rats were treated with penicillamine to chelate copper. All rats were anesthetized for renal clearance studies three weeks following streptozotocin injection. Inulin, sodium p-aminohippurate (PAH) and dextrose were infused i.v. and serial blood and urine samples collected for inulin, PAH and glucose analysis. Renal copper was determined following euthanasia. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and tubular maximum (Tm) for PAH and glucose were calculated. These values and the renal copper levels were compared between the three groups using the student's t-test. GFR and the Tm for PAH and glucose were increased in both diabetic groups as compared to the control group (p less than .05), but no difference was noted between the two diabetic groups. Renal copper levels were increased in the non-treated diabetic rats but not in the penicillamine-treated rats (p less than .01) indicating that penicillamine effectively removed copper from the diabetic kidney. The conclusion is that excess renal copper in the diabetic rat does not affect renal function in the early stages of diabetes.
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PMID:The effects of excess renal copper on kidney function in the diabetic rat. 371 96

Pregnant rats were subjected to a trace metal poor diet (1.2 ppm zinc, 5.9 ppm copper, 40 ppm manganese) during the entire gestation. The rat mothers did not gain weight during pregnancy and showed decreased liver weight and lowered serum glucose levels on gestational day 20. The offspring exhibited decreased body and placental weights, delayed ossification of the skeleton, and an increased resorption rate. We also found 4% skeletal malformations in the offspring (0% in the controls), which closely resembled a type of malformation previously encountered in rats when the mother was manifest diabetic (i.e. sacral dysgenesis). The zinc levels were decreased and manganese levels increased to the same extent in offspring of trace metal restricted (this study) and manifest diabetic rats (previous studies). Furthermore, when pregnant rats on the trace metal restricted diet were resupplemented with 75 ppm zinc in the drinking water the offspring largely normalized their somatic and placental growth, skeletal maturation, as well as their zinc and manganese levels. In addition, the fetuses of the zinc resupplemented rats did not show any malformations. The possibility of common teratological mechanisms in maternal diabetes and trace metal deficiency may therefore be considered.
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PMID:Induction of skeletal malformations in the offspring of rats fed a zinc deficient diet. 371 21

Blood plasma of patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans and diabetes showed a higher antioxidant potency as compared with plasma of healthy volunteers. Serum copper level in those patients was also elevated, but on the contrary to healthy subjects no correlation between serum copper level and plasma antioxidant potency was found. Similar changes were observed in rabbits fed four weeks with atherogenic diet. Administration of vitamin E increased plasma antioxidant potency, however, only in the patients suffering from arteriosclerosis obliterans with high regime of dosage of vitamin E (3 X 200 mg daily p.o.). N-ethylmaldimide-stimulated (malondialdehyde (MDA)) generation by washed platelets was suppressed by addition of homologous plasma to washed platelet preparation. Preincubation of rat aortic tissue with plasma from healthy volunteers resulted in an increase in PGI2-biosynthesis b 75%. We were not able to demonstrate the antioxidant activity of aortic endothelial cell homogenates. We conclude that antioxidant properties of plasma may play an important role in protection of serum lipids against autooxidation. Antioxidant ability of plasma is not exclusively correlated with plasma copper or ceruloplasmin level.
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PMID:Plasma antioxidant potency and serum copper levels in atherosclerosis. 390 Sep 61

The concentrations of zinc, copper, and manganese in liver, kidney, duodenum, pancreas, testes, bone, and serum from control and untreated, spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rats were compared. Chronic insulin deficiency resulted in significant alterations in the concentrations of one or more of these essential micronutrients in several tissues. The amounts of zinc and copper bound to metallothionein in the liver and kidney of untreated spontaneously diabetic rats were also markedly increased. The tissue trace metal status in diabetic rats was altered similarly in both male and female rats. Daily injections of insulin blocked many of the changes in the tissue concentrations of the metals. The effects of spontaneous diabetes on tissue trace metal status are quite similar to those reported for chemically induced diabetes. Thus, these results demonstrate that chronic endocrine imbalance is responsible for a series of tissue specific changes in the transport and metabolism of zinc, copper, and manganese.
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PMID:Influence of spontaneous diabetes on tissue status of zinc, copper, and manganese in the BB Wistar rat. 390 Oct 16


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