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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diethyldithiocarbamate sodium (DDC)--a compound forming complexes with metal ions-did not change the structure of endocrine pancreas and did not affect the glycemia after the repeated administration of a dose of 250 mg kg-1 while a single dose of 500 or 1000 mg kg-1 increased the glycemia for 2 to 4 h in most of rabbits tested. DDC injected in similar doses prevented a diabetogenic action of dithisone and of a number of 8-oxichinoline derivatives. This effect appeared very rapidly and persisted for several hours being dependent on a dose of DDC and on the interval between its administration and the injection of diabetogenic compounds. It was concluded that DDC forms stable complexes with zinc ions in pancreatic beta-cells which appear to be resistant towards the action of diabetogenic compounds directed selectively to the blocking of zinc ions too and thus to the development of experimental diabetes.
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PMID:Preventive effect of diethyldithiocarbamate on experimental diabetes produced by dithisone and 8-oxychinoline. 23 28

Stupor in patients with nonketotic hyperglycemia has been ascribed to hyperosmolarity, but the cause of depressed consciousness in patients with ketoacidosis has been puzzling. In this study, blood pH, serum glucose and sodium concentrations, and serum osmolality were measured in eighty-five consecutive episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis and forty-seven of nonketotic hyperglycemia. In the acidotic patients, as in those with nonketotic hyperglycemia, stupor closely paralleled hyperosmolarity and not the severity of acidemia. Indeed, the mean elevations of serum osmolarity were almost the same in the ketotic and in the nonketotic patients who were deeply obtunded. It seems likely that depression of consciousness in patients with severely uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, if not due to a nonmetabolic disorder, such as acute stroke, is attributable to hyperosmolarity, whether or not ketoacidosis is present.
Diabetes 1975 Jun
PMID:Hyperosmolar nature of diabetic coma. 23 99

The influence of diclofenac sodium (Voltaren) on glucose metabolism was investigated in a group of 13 maturity onset diabetics treated by a standard diet alone. A second group of 14 patients with maturity onset diabetes well controlled by a standard diet and tolbutamide (Rastinon) was examined for a possible drug interaction. Determinations of capillary blood glucose as well as assessments of urine sugar by Clinitest and 24-hour urine glucose determinations were regularly done before and during treatment with diclofenac sodium. The results of this study show no alteration of glucose metabolism. These laboratory data suggest that there is no clinically relevant interaction between diclofenac sodium and tolbutamide. Neither the blood glucose profiles of the individual patients nor those of the two above-mentioned groups showed any alterations of blood glucose concentration. Diclofenac sodium, a non-steroidal antirheumatic drug, may be recommended in the treatment of rheumatic diseases in diabetics. Indomethacin, naproxen, sulindac, diftalon and diclofenac are more recently developed antirheumatic drugs which have been specially tested in diabetics.
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PMID:[The effect of diclofenac sodium on the metabolism of diabetics in qualitative diet therapy with an without tolbuamide. A clinically oriented study in aged diabetics with rheumatic disease]. 30 47

Thirteen patients with advanced hypertensive disease insufficiently controlled by conventional drugs were treated with minoxidil in combination with a beta-blocking agent and a thiazide in a long-term study. A reduction from 214 +/- 5/122+/3 to 166 +/- 7/95 +/- 3 mm Hg in the mean supine blood pressure was obtained. The dosage range of minoxidil was 7.5-35 mg per day (mean 18.8 mg), and in all cases beta-blockade was necessitated by the occurrence of reflex tachycardia. Only two of the patients were found to be unsatisfactorily controlled on combined therapy. In five cases, minoxidil was disontinued during the observation period, but only in three cases was the discontinuation due to side effects, v.z. sodium retention and augmented hair growth. Stable diabetes developed in one patient, and in two cases of established, dietetically treated diabetes oral antidiabetic drugs had to be administered. Five non-diabetic patients showed no significant changes in fasting plasma glucose and the K values in intravenous glucose-tolerance tests. Minoxidil seems to be a safe and potent antihypertensive drug for long-term use in severe arterial hypertension, but it cannot be recommended for routine treatment.
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PMID:Long-term experiences with minoxidil in combination treatment of severe arterial hypertension. 30 92

Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) infusion in normal humans inhibited acute insulin responses to a glucose (5 g i.v.) pulse (response before PGE(2) = 593 +/- 104%; during PGE(2) = 312+/-55%; mean+/-SE, mean change 3-5 min insulin,% basal, P < 0.005). This effect was associated with a decrease in glucose disappearance rates (K(G) before PGE(2) = 0.73+/-0.07; during PGE(2) = 0.49+/-0.06%/min, P < 0.025). Acute insulin responses to arginine (2 g i.v.) were not affected by PGE(2) (response before PGE(2) = 592+/-164%; during PGE(2) = 590+/-118%; P = NS). Infusion of sodium salicylate (SS), an inhibitor of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis, augmented acute insulin responses to glucose in normals (response before SS = 313+/-62%; during SS = 660+/-86%; P < 0.001). In adult-onset diabetes with fasting hyperglycemia, SS restored absent acute insulin responses to glucose (20 g i.v.) pulses (response before SS = 5+/-6%; during SS = 97+/-24%; P < 0.005). This was accompanied by a fourfold augmentation in second phase insulin secretion (second phase before SS = 1,696+/-430%; during SS = 5,176+/-682%; change 10-60 min insulin, muU/ml.min,% basal, P < 0.001) and by acceleration of glucose disappearance rates (K(G) before SS = 0.56+/-0.06; during SS = 1.02+/-0.17%/min, P < 0.005). These findings uniquely demonstrate that (a) PGE(2) inhibits glucose-induced acute insulin responses and decreases glucose disposal in nondiabetic humans and (b) SS restores acute insulin responses, augments second phase insulin secretion, and accelerates glucose disposal in hyperglycemic, adultonset diabetics. It is hypothesized that endogenous PGE synthesis may play a role in defective insulin secretion and glucose intolerance in diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:A role for prostaglandin E in defective insulin secretion and carbohydrate intolerance in diabetes mellitus. 33 May 66

The effect of a new complex oligosaccharide exhibiting potent inhibitory action on alpha-glucoside hydrolases on intestinal absorption of sucrose in man was tested by constant in vivo perfusion of the jejunum. At concentrations of 4.65 or 15.5 X 10(-6)M the alpha-glucosidehydrolase inhibitor (alpha-GHI) markedly inhibited absorption of glucose from sucrose and absorption of sodium and water. Oral administration of the alpha-GHI resulted as well in depression of solute, sodium, and water absorption. This new compound can serve as an interesting tool to induce carbohydrate malabsorption by inhibition of final digestion and may possibly be of beneficial therapeutic effect in dietary control of diabetes or obesity.
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PMID:Effect of alpha-glucosidehydrolase inhibition and intestinal absorption of sucrose, water, and sodium in man. 38 40

This paper is based upon a study of all available records of patients certified as having died in hospital from pemphigus and pemphigoid in England and Wales from 1962 to 1969. The results differ from most published series in that many of the 210 patients died still with extensive skin lesions and with biochemical abnormalities, such as low serum albumin, sodium and chloride, which were secondary to this. Side-effects of treatment, such as diabetes, peptic ulceration, and infections, were also important but the commonest immediate causes of death were respiratory tract infections and pulmonary embolism.
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PMID:The events leading to the death of patients with pemphigus and pemphigoid. 39 Dec 61

During pregnancy it is necessary for the mother with diabetes to maintain careful control of the diabetes in order to lessen both fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The diet must take into account not only the metabolic requirements of the mother, but also those of the developing fetus. A total weight gain of 22 to 26 pounds is recommended, with the pattern of weight gain being more important than the total amount. Pregnancy is not a time for weight reduction. Caloric requirements can be met by the addition of 300 kcal. per day to the prepregnancy meal plan, or about 36 kcal. per kilogram. This can be met by the addition of 50 gms., carbohydrate and 30 gms. protein. Diets will contain approximately 1800 to 2500 calories a day. Calcium, iron, folic acid, and sodium also require attention in meal planning. The importance of regular meals and snacks must be emphasized. In particular, bed-time snacks are important because of the tendency towards overnight hypoglycemia and ketosis.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Nutritional management in diabetes and pregnancy. 40 Jan 35

In alloxan diabetes, serum zinc, copper, iron and magnesium were significantly higher than in normal rats, while the level of serum calcium, sodium, and potassium was lower than normal. Treatment with daonil or insulin led to a normalization, as expected of the level of serum glucose and most of the other elements, except for iron and potassium. When lycanol was used for treatment, the level of all elements returned to the normal except for blood glucose, zinc and potassium.
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PMID:Serum mineral changes in alloxan diabetes before and after treatment with some hypoglycemic drugs. 40 72

Ten patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were placed on a constant 30 mEq of calcium and 120 meq of sodium diet, and alterations in their calcium balance in response to standard oral doses of chlorpropamide were studied over a 4 day control period and a 4 day treatment period. The 10 patients treated with chlorpropamide significantly increased the urinary excretion of calcium and sodium and decreased the excretion of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP). The serum calcium was lowered in six of the patients treated with chlorpropamide, and three of these patients, who had diabetes mellitus and either refused or were too ill for parathyroidectomy, continued to receive chlorpropamide for periods of 9 to 36 months. These three patients experienced prolonged lowering of the serum calcium level and became less confused, lethargic, and fatigued. The interrelationships between the chlorpropamide-induced changes in excretion of calcium, sodium, and cyclic AMP still must be clarified.
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PMID:Chlorpropamide-induced changes in patients with hyperparathyroidism. 41 59


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