Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We evaluated the effect of topical epidermal growth factor treatment on healing of chronic wounds in a prospective, open-label, crossover trial. Five males and four females who ranged in age from 40 to 72 years (average 57 +/- 9 years) were enrolled. Four patients had adult-onset diabetes mellitus, two had rheumatoid arthritis, two had old burn scars, and one had a failed abdominal incision. The average duration of the ulcers prior to treatment with epidermal growth factor was 12 +/- 5 months (range 1 to 48 months). Following failure of the wounds to heal with conventional therapies, including debridement, skin graphs, and vascular reconstruction, wounds were treated twice daily with Silvadene alone for periods ranging from 3 weeks to 6 months. No evidence of healing was observed in any of the patients' wounds during Silvadene treatment, and patients were crossed over to twice a day treatment with Silvadene containing 10 micrograms epidermal growth factor per gram. Wounds of eight patients healed completely with epidermal growth factor-Silvadene treatment in an average of 34 +/- 26 days (mean +/- SD, range 12 to 92 days) and did not reoccur for periods ranging from 1 to 4 years. One patient failed therapy. These results suggest that topical treatment of chronic wounds with epidermal growth factor may stimulate healing.
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PMID:Stimulation of healing of chronic wounds by epidermal growth factor. 154 8

Insulin-deficient, adult, diabetic rats were administrated a tetracycline (either minocycline or a chemically-modified non-antimicrobial tetracycline: CMT) by oral gavage over a 3-week period. Untreated diabetic and non-diabetic rats served as controls. On day 21, all rats received an intravenous injection of 3H-proline, as a radioprecursor of procollagen in bone, dentine and periodontal ligament (PDL) or of amelogenin in enamel; perfusion fixation with an aldehyde mixture was carried out at 20 minutes and 4 hours after isotope injection. The parietal bones (calvaria), mandibules including molars, and lower incisors of these rats were dissected and processed for light microscopic autoradiography to study 3H-proline utilization by osteoblasts, PDL fibroblasts, odontoblasts and ameloblasts. In the control rats, at 20 minutes after 3H-proline injection, silver grains of labeled precursor were detected in the osteoblasts of the periosteal surfaces of the parietal bones. At the 4 hour time period, although some radioprecursor was still present in the osteoblasts, most had progressed to the osteoid matrix. In contrast, the flattened bone-lining cells in the untreated diabetics showed minimal uptake and secretion of labeled proline at both time periods. In both minocycline- and CMT-treated diabetic rats, the labeled proline was localized in the osteoblasts and the osteoid in a pattern reminiscent of that seen in the control rats at both time periods. Of interest, CMT administration appeared to increase the labeling of the osteoid matrix more than minocycline treatment. In non-diabetic control rats, the PDL fibroblasts exhibited a polarized elongated profile and incorporated and secreted radioprecursor similar to that described for the osteoblasts in these animals. The PDL fibroblasts in the untreated diabetics lost their regular arrangement and incorporated little if any 3H-proline; once again, tetracycline administration appeared to normalize, at least in part, the structure and 3H-proline incorporation by these connective tissue cells. In contrast, diabetes and tetracycline administration did not affect the incorporation and secretion of radioprecursor by odontoblasts and secretory ameloblasts during tooth development.
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PMID:Insulin-deficient diabetes impairs osteoblast and periodontal ligament fibroblast metabolism but does not affect ameloblasts and odontoblasts: response to tetracycline(s) administration. 214 81

The tendency of indwelling catheters to cause urinary tract infection was evaluated in a randomised clinical study of 223 patients. A Foley catheter coated with silver alloy on both inner and outer surfaces was used in 60 patients; 60 others received a Teflonised latex Foley's catheter and the remaining 103 patients were excluded because of antibiotic treatment, diabetes, etc. There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of catheter-associated bacteriuria (greater than 10(5) organisms/ml) in the 2 groups after 6 days' catheterisation: 6 patients with the silver coated catheter developed bacteriuria compared with 22 who had the Teflonised latex catheter. This suggests that the silver impregnated urethral catheters reduce the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infection.
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PMID:Silver alloy coated catheters reduce catheter-associated bacteriuria. 218 51

We used homologous platelet-derived wound healing factors (HPDWHF) to achieve complete healing of recalcitrant ulcers of diverse cause. Twenty-three patients with 27 skin ulcers who had been receiving conventional wound care with no evidence of healing for an average period of 25 weeks (range, 12 to 156 weeks) were studied. The patients were first subjected to controlled wound care for 3 months, with saline solution and silver sulfadiazine dressings used in all cases. At the end of this period, persistent nonhealing ulcers were treated by topical use of HPDWHF and silver sulfadiazine. Ulcer parameters were recorded on the first day and every week during therapy until complete epithelization was achieved in either group. Each ulcer acted as its own control. In the controlled wound care group, only three ulcers in three patients achieved complete healing; the remaining 24 ulcers in 20 patients failed to achieve even 50% healing in the stipulated 3-month period. However, when subjected to HPDWHF applications, these ulcers healed completely, 100% healing occurring in 9.67 +/- 4.9 weeks (range, 3 to 19 weeks), which is highly significant (p less than 0.01). The healing response to HPDWHF applications was of uniform progression over the weeks. Only the basic cause of the ulcer determined the healing rates in this group. The shortest and the longest time to achieve 100% healing occurred in patients with diabetes (6.88 +/- 2.97 weeks) and in the venous stasis group (14.00 +/- 7.07 weeks). Age, sex, location of ulcer, ulcer duration, and ulcer measurements had no influence on the HPDWHF-stimulated healing rates. This is the earliest report of HPDWHF-stimulated repair in chronic nonhealing skin ulcers.
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PMID:Use of homologous platelet factors in achieving total healing of recalcitrant skin ulcers. 239 95

Glomerular diseases other than diabetic glomerulosclerosis (DGS) occurring in diabetic patients may pose a diagnostic challenge to both clinicians and pathologists. We studied 15 cases of membranous glomerulonephritis (MG) in patients with diabetes mellitus focusing on the morphologic changes of the kidney. Light microscopic observation revealed nodular and/or diffuse DGS in 12 cases and no DGS in three. Periodic acid-silver methenamine stain showed spikes or chain-like structures in the glomerular capillary wall in 13 cases, indicating the presence of MG. Ultrastructurally, MG was classified into Stage I (N = 2), II (N = 8), III (N = 4), or IV (N = 1). Six out of nine cases with Stages I and II MG showed a thickened lamina densa of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), suggesting diabetic influence on the GBM. Moreover, MG in some of the cases suggested atypical ultrastructural features including (a) the presence of large immune type deposits separated by tall spikes (N = 4), (b) high electron density of deposits in spite of their intramembranous location (N = 4), and (c) the presence of immune type deposits of mesangial (N = 3) and subendothelial (N = 2) locations. It is postulated that these atypical features are caused by altered turnover of the GBM, impaired glomerular clearance of immune complexes, changes of the glomerular capillary wall as the result of hemodynamic alterations, and/or nonenzymatic glycosylation in diabetic milieu.
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PMID:Membranous glomerulonephritis in diabetic patients: a study of 15 cases and review of the literature. 240 36

Dispersed islet cells from noninbred ob/ob mice were cultured for 3 days with 3 or 20 mM D-glucose and silver stained according to Rambourg et al. Two tinctorial subsets of dark and light intracellular granules were analyzed by morphometry at the ultrastructural level. The two types of granules were similar in size and shape. However, with 3 mM glucose the dark granule cores were surrounded by larger vesicles than the light granules. With 20 mM glucose, both types of granule vesicles and cores became smaller and dark-granule cores became more rounded, compared with cultures with 3 mM glucose. The higher glucose concentration also induced a marked decrease in the number (-84%) and volume density (-90%) of dark granules. In contrast, the number of light granules increased (+60%) with maintenance of their volume density. We suggest that the dark Rambourg-positive and the light Rambourg-negative beta-cell granules are functionally distinct subsets. The dark granules are probably engaged in insulin discharge. We discuss the unclear role of the light granules with a view to previously postulated heterogeneities of the insulin granule pool and their significance for exocytosis and intracellular hormone degradation.
Diabetes 1988 Feb
PMID:Morphometry of Rambourg-positive and Rambourg-negative beta-cell granules after culture with low and high glucose concentrations. 245 67

An immunogold-silver enhancement technique, which combines effective labeling of viable isolated islets with the ultrastructural resolution of cytological details, was applied in electron microscopy to identify major histocompatibility complex (MHC) structures on islet cells. Incubation of freshly isolated islets from CAP (RT1c) and LEW (RT1l) rats with OX18, an MHC class I antibody, showed strong positive reactivity in macrophages and/or dendritic-like cells (M0-DCs) and vascular endothelial cells (VEs) and a comparatively weaker reactivity in endocrine alpha-, beta-, and delta-cells. With MHC class II antibody OX6 (anti-I-A), M0-DCs were strongly labeled in both rat strains on the surface and on internal structures. Three of five particularly high titered batches of OX6 revealed MHC class II expression on VE and beta-cells. Four days of in vitro culture in combination with a high concentration of glucose and interferon-gamma induced strong enhancement of MHC class I structures and, to a lesser extent, class II structures on beta-cells.
Diabetes 1989 Jan
PMID:Immunoelectron microscopic localization of MHC structures in isolated pancreatic rat islets. 249 97

S-100 protein-containing cells were demonstrated by immunogold silver staining in human islets of Langerhans from patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) with (n = 6) (Group I) or without (n = 6) (Group II) diabetes mellitus, (DM) and from nondiabetic, non-pancreatic controls (n = 6) (Group III). In all three groups S-100 protein containing cells were observed in all islets of Langerhans throughout the pancreas. Quantitative analysis of cell composition of islets did not reveal significant differences in S-100 protein cell content between the three groups. When double immunohistochemical staining was used to demonstrate different endocrine cell types (insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide) and S-100 protein immunoreactive cells, the latter proved to be a distinct cell type. Somatostatin-producing cells and S-100 protein-containing cells were usually also present as two distinct cell populations, but positive staining for both S-100 protein and somatostatin was occasionally observed within the same cells.
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PMID:S-100 protein immunoreactivity in human islets of Langerhans. 251 43

Enzymatic glucose sensors are based on the amperometric detection of an oxidable species generated during the oxidation of glucose by glucose oxidase. This measurement usually requires a working electrode (anode), an auxiliary electrode (cathode), and a reference electrode, the function of the latter being to keep constant the working potential of the anode, which is responsible for current generation. However, in the needle-type glucose sensors proposed so far, the reference electrode is missing, and its function is performed by the auxiliary electrode. We investigated, in vitro and in vivo in rats, the ability of several cathode-needle materials to behave as a reference electrode in two-electrode glucose sensors, i.e., to present a stable auxiliary electrode potential. In vitro, when glucose concentration was raised from 0 to 30 mM, the auxiliary potential of both gold- and silver-coated sensors presented a cathodic drift, whereas that of silver/silver chloride-coated sensors remained stable. In vivo, during insulin-induced hypoglycemia (5.9-2.4 mM), the auxiliary potentials of all sensors remained stable, whereas during glucose infusion (mean blood glucose concentration 11.2 mM), the auxiliary potentials of both gold- and silver-coated sensors presented an anodic drift, whereas those of silver/silver chloride-coated sensors remained stable. We also indirectly quantified the changes in sensor response induced by variations in the working potential in vitro and in vivo, simulating those that might be produced by a drift in the auxiliary potential. Such changes in the working potential could bring about a 30% unspecific variation in sensor response. We conclude that improvements in sensor analytical characteristics should be obtained with silver/silver-chloride-coated cathodes.
Diabetes 1989 Feb
PMID:In vitro and in vivo stability of electrode potentials in needle-type glucose sensors. Influence of needle material. 264 39

Experimental diabetes mellitus was induced in adult male and female rats by injecting streptozocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg i.p.) in preparation for a screening survey of changes in the pattern of undenatured plasma proteins, as revealed by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining. As early as 8-12 days later, the 2-D gels revealed three high-molecular-weight plasma protein spots, which persisted for 150 days in the blood of untreated diabetic rats. Such spots were not seen in plasma of normal control rats. Evidence is presented for the presumptive characterization of these proteins as oligomers of immunoglobulin A (IgA). Specific measurement of total IgA content of diabetic plasma samples by single-radial immunodiffusion, after reduction with dithiothreitol and alkylation with iodoacetamide, reveals that IgA content increases linearly from control values of 11.1 +/- 4.6 to 358 +/- 249 mg/dl (means +/- SE) 21 days after STZ and persists at these high levels for as long as 150 days. Diabetic rats injected daily with insulin showed IgA levels only two to four times higher than normal. Neither experiments designed to quantitate the rates of clearance (catabolism plus excretion) of 125I-labeled secretory IgA from the circulation of normal and diabetic rats nor measurement of total IgA in the bile from diabetic and normal bile fistula rats supports the view that slowed clearance from the circulation or impaired biliary excretion in the diabetic rat causes observed gross hyperimmunoglobulinemia A.
Diabetes 1988 Feb
PMID:Persistent grossly elevated plasma immunoglobulin A levels in untreated streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. 296 33


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