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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diabetes mellitus is a known cause of hypomagnesemia but soft tissue magnesium depletion has not as yet been demonstrated clinically or experimentally. Direct measurements of soft tissue Mg and calcium in control, streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic and STZ-insulin-treated-diabetic rats were made and failed to demonstrate consistent decreases in soft tissue Mg content despite the induction of modest hypomagnesemia. In addition, soft tissue Ca content was variably influenced and showed no interrelation with tissue Mg levels. These data do not support the presence of soft tissue Mg depletion nor excessive intracellular Ca uptake in an experimental diabetic model in which modest hypomagnesemia is induced.
Magnesium 1987
PMID:Tissue magnesium content in diabetic rats. 344 5

Present-time Greenlanders are living a stressful 'westernized life' complete with an elevated consumption of tobacco and alcohol. The drinking water in Greenland is extremely soft and the diet is very low in calcium (and probably magnesium) and rich in carbohydrate and fat. Despite these different predisposing factors, death from ischemic heart disease is 3-6 times less frequent than in Denmark. The serum calcium/magnesium ratio in Greenlanders is significantly lower than in Danes. Magnesium deficits in patients with acute myocardial infarction, as well as epidemiologically positive correlations between dietary calcium/magnesium ratios and ischemic heart death, are the basis for attributing the low incidence of ischemic heart death in Greenland to the low Greenlandic calcium/magnesium ratio in diet and blood serum. Other characteristics of the Greenlandic disease pattern include a low incidence of stones in kidney and urinary tract, few cases of diabetes mellitus, prolonged bleeding time, increased atrioventricular block and osteoporosis, all of which may also be related to a low calcium and high magnesium metabolic status.
Magnesium 1987
PMID:Greenland, a soft-water area with a low incidence of ischemic heart death. 344 6

To determine the effects of very-low-calorie diets on the metabolic abnormalities of diabetes and obesity, we have studied 10 obese, non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) and 5 obese, nondiabetic subjects for 36 days on a metabolic ward during consumption of a liquid diet of 300 kcal/day with 30 g of protein. Rapid improvement occurred in the glycemic indices of the diabetic subjects, with mean (+/- SEM) fasting plasma glucose falling from 291 +/- 21 to 95 +/- 6 mg/dl (P less than 0.001) and total glycosylated hemoglobin from 13.1 +/- 0.7% to 8.8 +/- 0.3% (P less than 0.001) (normal reference range 5.5-8.5%). Lipid elevations were normalized with plasma triglycerides reduced to less than 100 mg/dl and total plasma cholesterol to less than 150 mg/dl in both groups. Hormonal and substrate responses were also comparable between groups with reductions in insulin and triiodothyronine and moderate elevations in blood and urinary ketoacid levels without a corresponding rise in free fatty acids. Electrolyte balance for sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus was initially negative but approached equilibrium by completion of the study. Magnesium, in contrast, remained in positive balance in both groups throughout. Total nitrogen loss varied widely among all subjects, ranging from 70 to 367 g, and showed a strong positive correlation with initial lean body mass (N = 0.83, P less than 0.001) and total weight loss (N = 0.87, P less than 0.001). The nondiabetic group, which had a significantly greater initial body weight and lean body mass than the diabetic group, also had a significantly greater weight loss of 450 +/- 31 g/day compared with 308 +/- 19 g/day (P less than 0.01) in the diabetic subjects. The composition of the weight lost at completion was similar in both groups and ranged from 21.6% to 31.3% water, 3.9% to 7.8% protein, and 60.9% to 74.5% fat. The contribution of both water and protein progressively decreased and fat increased, resulting in unchanged caloric requirements during the diet. This study demonstrates that short-term treatment with a very-low-calorie diet in both obese diabetic and nondiabetic subjects results in: safe and effective weight loss associated with the normalization of elevated glucose and lipid levels, a large individual variability in total nitrogen loss determined principally by the initial lean body mass, and progressive increments in the contribution of fat to weight loss with stable caloric requirements and no evidence of a hypometabolic response.
Diabetes 1986 Feb
PMID:Metabolic consequences of very-low-calorie diet therapy in obese non-insulin-dependent diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. 351 Sep 22

Eleven diabetics (eight with type I diabetes) aged 20 to 45 years underwent salivary investigations on two occasions, one to five months apart, during different metabolic control. Stimulated salivary flow rate showed a great inter-individual variation, and was not changed by improved metabolic control. Salivary glucose concentration was lower during the period of better metabolic control. In stimulated parotid saliva a positive correlation between glucose levels in saliva and blood was seen. A blood glucose threshold for glucose excretion at about 10-15 mmol/L might be present. There were no significant differences in pH, buffering capacity, total amount of protein, amylase, lysozyme, peroxidase or electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca2+, PO42- and Mg2+) in the saliva between the two occasions of different metabolic control. In conclusion, the degree of diabetic metabolic control does not seem to be of major importance for salivary flow rate or composition in diabetics except for the salivary glucose concentration.
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PMID:Salivary flow rate and salivary glucose concentration in patients with diabetes mellitus influence of severity of diabetes. 367 66

Obesity, a well-known phenomenon in Western society, is frequently associated with cardiovascular and endocrine disease. Strokes, myocardial infarction, diabetes and hyperlipidemia are classical reasons for the high mortality and morbidity of overweight people. For this reason, intensive weight-reduction programs have been proposed: low-calorie diets, total starvation, drugs and even surgery. Total starvation and some low-calorie diets are, however, also associated with sudden death, most probably of cardiac origin. Experimental data from our laboratory show that total starvation is accompanied by a severe depletion of magnesium in myocardial tissue. Protein-sparing modified low-calorie diets, however, can protect against this mineral loss even if magnesium supplementation alone cannot obtain this goal. Applying these principles in overweight man show weight reduction without mineral loss or cardiac disturbance. Surgery with 'ileal bypass' procedures gives rise to severe hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia with tetany and spasmophilia. New procedures, derived from experimental surgery, are 'gastric bypass' and 'gastroplasty'. These methods, only applied in very obese patients (body mass index greater than 40, normal 23-27) show no change in mineral concentrations of calcium and magnesium and no clinical symptoms suggestive for mineral loss. A good, controlled weight-reduction program under strict medical surveillance can, in this way, offer new perspectives in the treatment of one of our most frequent 'culture-induced' diseases.
Magnesium 1987
PMID:Magnesium and obesity: effects of treatment on magnesium and other parameters. 382 Nov 74

While the existence of age-related Mg deficiency is difficult to prove, intake of Mg by old people tends to be suboptimal, and the finding of decreased intestinal Mg absorption with progressive age provides evidence for the fact that the Mg requirement may be higher in elderly people than young adults. Chronic diseases, such as diabetes, congestive heart failure and alcoholism, common among elderly people, may further contribute to Mg depletion. A number of the drugs used in aged patients are also known to promote Mg loss. On the other hand, long-term Mg deficiency may play a role in the aging process, by affecting neurotransmitter activity, hormone synthesis and immune function, and/or may enhance cardiovascular disease, which is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in old age. Despite this type of evidence, there is a lack of data concerning the effects of Mg supplementation in the aged.
Magnesium 1987
PMID:Effects of aging, chronic disease, and multiple supplements on magnesium requirements. 382 Nov 76

Magnesium and potassium were analyzed in plasma, erythrocytes, and urine collected during 24 h and in muscle biopsies from 25 subjects with insulin-dependent, type I diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Magnesium was also measured in mononuclear cells. The results were compared with those of 28 healthy controls, and were also correlated with the degree of diabetic control as estimated by analysis of the level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Subjects with IDDM had significantly lower muscle (P less than 0.01) and plasma (P less than 0.001) concentrations of magnesium compared with those of healthy controls. The HbA1c levels correlated significantly with the concentrations of magnesium in muscle (r = -0.62, P less than 0.001), plasma (r = -0.62, P less than 0.001), and mononuclear cells (r = -0.47, P less than 0.05). The results indicate that some patients with IDDM have lowered contents of magnesium in striated muscular and/or plasma, and that those parameters are dependent on the degree of diabetic control.
Diabetes 1986 Apr
PMID:Magnesium deficiency in IDDM related to level of glycosylated hemoglobin. 395 82

Past studies on urinary loss of magnesium (Mg) have focused on young diabetic rats. The aims of the present study were to determine the rapidity at which glycosuria and magnesuria occur after the induction of diabetes mellitus (DM) in old male rats, and the maximal amount of Mg and glucose (Glu) loss in the urine and whether or not the loss is persistent and (3) the most sensitive means of correlating the Mg and Glu loss in the urine. Three methods of expressing urinary Mg and Glu concentrations were selected: Method A: mg/24 h; Method B: mg/24 h/kg body weight (BW), and Method C: ratio of Mg to creatinine (Mg/Crea) or ratio of Glu to Crea (Glu/Crea). Our study indicated a maximal and rapid loss of Mg and Glu occurring within 1 week after induction of DM (by streptozotocin injection) and remained in effect for 6 weeks, the end of the study. The urinary Mg loss due to DM correlated best with urinary Glu when expressed as mg/24 h/kg BW. In addition, the increase in urinary Mg concentration paralleled the degree of glycosuria and reached a maximum of 5-12 times baseline values when expressed by Method B. This was 4-10 times when expressed by Method A, and 2-6 times when expressed by Method C. Since polyuria is a feature of DM, we also correlated the relationship between these two factors, and found a significantly positive correlation (r = 0.735) particularly when Mg was expressed as mg/24 h. In summary, rapid and significant urinary Mg loss is observed in old rats made diabetic with streptozotocin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Magnesium 1985
PMID:Urinary magnesium loss in aging diabetic mellitus rats. 404 47

Incubating the particle-free supernatant of rat liver with alkaline phosphatase decreased the activity of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase by 21-29%. When the particle-free supernatant was incubated with various combinations of Mg2+, ATP, cyclic AMP and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase this failed to alter significantly phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity under the conditions employed. The incubation of hepatocytes in monolayer culture with 0.5 mM-8-(4-chlorophenylthio)adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate increased the total activity of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase as measured in vitro. This also decreased the proportion of the phosphohydrolase that was associated with the membrane fraction of the cells and increased that in the cytosolic fraction. Adding 1 mM-oleate to the hepatocytes promoted the translocation of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase from the cytosol to the membrane-associated compartment. Oleate overcame the effect of the cyclic AMP analogue in favouring the cytosolic distribution of the phosphohydrolase. These results are discussed in relation to the interaction of hormonal balance and substrate supply in controlling the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol in the liver in stress and in diabetes. It is proposed that the cytosolic phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity represents a reservoir of potential activity that becomes expressed when the enzyme translocates to the membranes on which the synthesis of glycerolipids occurs.
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PMID:Can phosphorylation of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase by a cyclic AMP-dependent mechanism regulate its activity and subcellular distribution and control hepatic glycerolipid synthesis? 608 70

Heart sarcolemmal membranes were isolated by the hypotonic shock-LiBr treatment from rats with chronic diabetes induced by a streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, iv) injection. Sarcolemmal Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity was elevated, whereas 5'-nucleotidase and K+-p-nitrophenylphosphatase activities in diabetic heart were depressed in comparison to control preparations. Although patent Na+-K+-ATPase and patent ouabain-sensitive Na+-K+-ATPase activities were unaltered, latent Na+-K+-ATPase activities, as determined in membranes after alamethicin or deoxycholate treatments, were found to be significantly depressed in diabetic animals. A depression in the latent Na+-K+-ATPase activity in diabetic preparations was also observed in membranes prepared by the sucrose density gradient method. Insulin-treated diabetic rats were observed to have normalized latent Na+-K+-ATPase activities. Total phospholipid content did not differ, but cholesterol content of the sarcolemmal membranes was significantly increased in diabetic heart preparations. Sarcolemmal Na+-K+-ATPase activity in diabetic heart was more resistant to treatments with filipin, an agent known to bind with cholesterol residues. These results suggest that chronic experimental diabetes is associated with some defects in sarcolemmal enzymatic activities and composition.
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PMID:Sarcolemmal Na+-K+-ATPase activity in diabetic rat heart. 613 47


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