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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to compare the renal handling of uric acid by means of pyrazinamide and probenecid tests between obese and non-obese women. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 8 obese women and in 8 non-obese women as control group. Metabolic profile and renal handling of uric acid including clearance, fractional excretion and excretion rates, were assessed. Due to technical problems, pyrazinamide and probenecid tests were performed only in 5 women of each group to evaluate presecretory reabsorption, secretion and post-secretory reabsorption of uric acid. Uric acid clearance had a tendency to be lower in the obese women than in the control group. There were no significant differences between the groups in fractional excretion and excretion uric acid rates. Pre- and post-secretory reabsorptions of uric acid did not differ between the obese and the non-obese women. Tubular secretion of uric acid was significantly lower in the obese women compared with the control group (6.4 vs 13.6%; p=0.02). Tubular secretion of uric acid negatively correlated with body mass index (r=-0.73; p<0.05). In conclusion, tubular secretion of uric acid possibly plays an important role in uric acid homeostasis in obese women.
Diabetes Nutr Metab 2001 Aug
PMID:Renal handling of uric acid assessed by means of pharmacological tests in obese women. 1171 87

Uric acid has long been associated with cardiovascular disease. Most epidemiological evidence suggests a significant, graded, independent and specific association between the level of serum uric acid and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This is particularly robust among persons at high cardiovascular risk, including those with hypertension, diabetes and congestive heart failure. Although several potential mechanisms have been identified to explain this association, as yet there is no evidence that uric acid bears a causal or reversible relationship to vascular disease.
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PMID:Uric acid and cardiovascular risk. 1195 Jun 22

The present study was performed to determine whether nitric oxide overproduction is associated with deterioration in peripheral nerve function in type 1 diabetes. We measured peripheral nerve function and biochemical indicators of nitrosative stress annually for 3 years in 37 patients with type 1 diabetes. Plasma nitrite and nitrate (collectively NO(x)) were 34.0 +/- 4.9 micro mol/l in the control subjects and 52.4 +/- 5.1, 50.0 +/- 5.1, and 49.0 +/- 5.2 in the diabetic patients at the first, second, and third evaluations, respectively (P < 0.01). Nitrotyrosine (NTY) was 13.3 +/- 2.0 micro mol/l in the control subjects and 26.8 +/- 4.4, 26.1 +/- 4.3, and 32.7 +/- 4.3 in the diabetic patients (P < 0.01). Uric acid was suppressed by 20% in the diabetic patients (P < 0.001). Composite motor nerve conduction velocity for the median, ulnar, and peroneal nerves was decreased in patients with high versus low NTY (mean Z score -0.522 +/- 0.25 versus 0.273 +/- 0.22; P < 0.025). Patients with high NO(x) had decreased sweating, and those with suppressed uric acid had decreased autonomic function. In conclusion, nitrosative stress in early diabetes is associated with suppressed uric acid and deterioration in peripheral nerve function.
Diabetes 2002 Sep
PMID:Nitrosative stress, uric Acid, and peripheral nerve function in early type 1 diabetes. 1704 24

Uric acid has been suggested as a risk factor in cardiovascular disease since the beginning of the twentieth century. While some clinical evidence have found a significant, specific and independent association between the uric acid serum level and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, others came to an opposite conclusion. Hyperuricemia commonly coexists with hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and others cardiovascular risk factors. This strong association makes the the role of risk factors difficult to separate out. Thus, the role of uric acid as an independent risk marker remains an open question.
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PMID:[Role of uric acid in cardiovascular diseases]. 1505 51

The patients with diabetes mellitus and another risk factors have significantly higher risk to suffer from ischemic heart disease. Myocardial stress SPECT represents the examination which correlates very well with the results of selective coronary angiography even in asymptomatic diabetic patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relation of SPECT result to diabetes compensation, presence of micro/macroalbuminuria, blood level of fibrinogen, CRP, homocysteine and uric acid. Out of 126 diabetic 2. type abnormal SPECT has been found in 33 (26%). Fasting blood sugar (9.3 +/- 1.4 mmol/l in patients with abnormal SPECT vs. 9.7 +/- 1.9 mmol/l in the other diabetics, n.s.) and HbA1c (7.5 +/- 1.3% vs. 7.5 +/- 1.3%, n.s.) are not significantly different in the patients with abnormal SPECT to the other diabetics without this finding. Micro/macroalbuminuria was significantly more frequently seen in patients with abnormal SPECT (60% of patients with abnormal SPECT and 29% in the rest of diabetics, p = 0.01). Fibrinogen was significantly more elevated in diabetics with abnormal SPECT (3.76 +/- 0.5 g/l in the group with abnormal SPECT vs. 3.23 +/- 0.43 g/l, p = 0.0003). In the diabetics with abnormal SPECT we have found significantly higher CRP (3.84 +/- 1.51 mg/l vs. 2.79 +/- 1.13 mg/l, p = 0.024) and homocysteine (13.78 +/- 3.26 micromol/l vs. 10.98 +/- 2.33 micromol/l, p = 0.006). Uric acid level was not significantly different in the group of diabetics with abnormal SPECT to the rest of the patients (361 +/- 64 micromol/l in abnormal SPECT vs. 353 +/- 51 micromol/l, n.s.). When we analyse our results we have found that abnormal SPECT is rarely discovered in the asymptomatic 2nd type diabetics with the combination of negative micro/macroalbuminuria and fibrinogen level below 3.5 g/l.
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PMID:[Relation between diabetes compensation, albuminuria and biochemical parameters and the results of stress myocardial SPECT in asymptomatic type 2 diabetics]. 1571 2

Glycation is common posttranslational modification of proteins impairing their function, which occurs during diabetes mellitus and aging. Beside extracellular glycation of long-lived proteins, intracellular modifications of short-lived proteins by more reactive sugars like fructose are possible. The process includes free oxygen radicals (glycoxidation). In an attempt to reduce glycoxidation and formation of advanced glycation products (AGE), influence of 0.2-1.2 mM uric acid as endogenous antioxidant on glycoxidation of purified pig heart aspartate aminotransferase (AST) by 50 mM and 500 mM D-fructose in vitro was studied. Uric acid at 1.2 mM concentration reduced AST activity decrease and formation of total AGE products caused by incubation in vitro of the enzyme with sugar up to 25 days at 37 degrees C. The results thus support the hypothesis that uric acid has beneficial effects in controlling protein glycoxidation. The in vitro system AST-fructose proved to be a useful tool for investigation of glycation process.
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PMID:Glycation-induced inactivation of aspartate aminotransferase, effect of uric acid. 1618 93

Serum uric acid levels are associated with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and renal disease. Uric acid has been shown to be heritable; however, genome-wide linkage analyses have not been reported. Genome-wide multipoint variance components linkage analyses with 401 markers spaced at approximately 10 centimorgan (cM) were conducted on 1258 subjects of the Framingham Heart Study, using the average of two serum uric acid measurements obtained in examinations 1 and 2 around 1971 and 1979. Covariates in fully adjusted model included sex, age, body mass index (BMI), serum creatinine, alcohol consumption, diabetes, diuretic treatment, and triglycerides. To investigate possible pleiotropic effects between uric acid and covariates that may have a genetic component, bivariate linkage analyses of uric acid with BMI, triglycerides, and glucose were conducted at the uric acid linkage regions. The heritability of uric acid was 0.63. The highest multipoint log-of-the-odds (LOD) score was 3.3 at 50 cM on chromosome 15 for age-sex-adjusted uric acid, but decreased to 1.5 after multivariable adjustment. Additional evidence of linkage was seen on chromosomes 2 (LOD score 1.1 at 4 cM) and 8 (LOD score 1.7 at 6 cM) for multivariable-adjusted uric acid. Pleiotropic effects were only found between uric acid and glucose and BMI at chromosomes 8 and 15 linkage locations, respectively. We have identified several novel loci linked to uric acid. We found possible pleiotropic effects between uric acid and BMI and glucose. Further research is necessary to identify the genes involved in uric acid metabolism and their roles in hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and renal disease.
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PMID:Genome-wide search for genes affecting serum uric acid levels: the Framingham Heart Study. 1625 30

Endothelial dysfunction is a characteristic finding in both patients with type 1 diabetes and in regular smokers and is an important precursor to atherosclerosis. The urate molecule has antioxidant properties, which could influence endothelial function. The impact of acutely raising uric acid concentrations on endothelial function was studied in eight men with type 1 diabetes, eight healthy regular smokers, and eight age-matched healthy control subjects in a randomized, four-way, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Subjects received 1,000 mg uric acid i.v. in vehicle, 1,000 mg vitamin C as a control antioxidant, vehicle alone, or 0.9% saline on separate occasions over 1 h. Forearm blood flow responses to intrabrachial acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were assessed using venous occlusion plethysmography. Responses to acetylcholine, but not sodium nitroprusside, were impaired in patients with diabetes (P < 0.001) and in smokers (P < 0.005) compared with control subjects. Administration of uric acid and vitamin C selectively improved acetylcholine responses in patients with type 1 diabetes (P < 0.01) and in regular smokers (P < 0.05). Uric acid administration improved endothelial function in the forearm vascular bed of patients with type 1 diabetes and smokers, suggesting that high uric acid concentrations in vivo might serve a protective role in these and other conditions associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
Diabetes 2006 Nov
PMID:Uric acid restores endothelial function in patients with type 1 diabetes and regular smokers. 1706 52

The prevalence of urolithiasis has been increasing for the past few decades in industrialized nations. Uric acid calculi account for a significant percentage of urinary stones. Certain risk factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of uric acid nephrolithiasis, including hyperuricosuria, low urinary volume, and persistently low urinary pH. Patients with medical conditions that promote profound hyperuricosuria are at high risk of developing uric acid calculi. These conditions include chronic diarrheal states; myeloproliferative disorders; insulin resistance, including diabetes mellitus; and monogenic metabolic disorders, such as Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Computed tomography can provide a definitive diagnosis. Except in cases in which there is severe obstruction, progressive azotemia, serious infection, or unremitting pain, the initial treatment of patients with uric acid nephrolithiasis should be medical dissolution therapy because this approach is successful in the majority of cases. A thorough review of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of uric acid nephrolithiasis is crucial for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of stones in patients with this condition.
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PMID:Uric Acid nephrolithiasis: recent progress and future directions. 1739 68

This study investigates the impact of uric acid (UA) on the risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome. In addition, this study explores the relationship between UA and insulin resistance and serum leptin levels in metabolic syndrome. A total of 470 subjects (252 women and 218 men) were recruited from the Department of Health Management at Chang Gung Medical Center (Linkou, Taiwan). Metabolic syndrome was defined using a modified Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) definition. The formula for the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is as follows: fasting serum insulin (microU/mL) x fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)/22.5. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 45 subjects (9.6%); 82 subjects (17.4%) had hypertension. Hyperuricemia was diagnosed in 144 subjects (30.6%). Of these subjects, 115 (63 females and 52 males) (24.5%) were diagnosed as having metabolic syndrome. Patients with hyperuricemia had increased body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and triglyceride (Tg) level. The subjects also had lower high-density lipoprotein and greater hypertension. Hormone assays showed an elevation of leptin, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and HOMA-IR in the hyperuricemia group. Uric acid appeared to be better correlated with Tg, blood pressure (both systolic and diastolic), obesity, immunoreactive insulin, and HOMA-IR. Uric acid did not correlate with leptin or blood glucose levels. Metabolic syndrome and Tg/high-density lipoprotein ratio showed a statistically significant difference in HOMA-IR using 3.8 as a cutoff value. Otherwise, there was no difference in leptin value. In conclusion, serum UA is significantly related to risk factors of metabolic syndrome except for blood glucose. Waist-to-hip ratio and HOMA-IR were statistically different in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome.
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PMID:Serum uric acid and leptin levels in metabolic syndrome: a quandary over the role of uric acid. 1751 6


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