Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Experiments were conducted on rats. A study was made of the adrenal gland ACTH reactivity under conditions of alloxan diabetes. The function of the adrenal gland increased one month after the administration of alloxan; this was indicated by an increase of their absolute and relative weight, by an elevation of the corticosterone content in the peripheral blood and the glands proper. ACTH stimulated the adrenal gland function in rats with an intact pancreas, increasing the weight of the adrenal glands, the level of corticosterones in the blood and the adrenal glands. ACTH reactivity proved to be lowered in rats with alloxan diabetes. The blood corticosterone level increased in them less and changes in the weight of the glands and of the hormone concentration in them proved to be statistically insignificant.
 ...
PMID:[Reactivity of the adrenals to ACTH in rats with alloxan diabetes]. 16 71

Acute insulin deficiency in rats results in a decrease in the in vitro protein synthetic activity of isolated hepatic membrane-bound ribosomes and an increase in activity of free ribosomes. These changes are prevented by concomitant insulin treatment and are reversed by the administration of insulin. The current study evaluated the role of the pituitary in the genesis of these changes. The severity of diabetes produced by streptozotocin was less in hypophysectomized (Hx) rats, and in Hx rats receiving hormone replacement, as compared with similarly streptozotocin-treated intact rats. Although acute insulin deficiency in intact rats produced the previously described increase in protein synthetic activity of free hepatic ribosomes and decrease in activity of hepatic bound ribosomes, these changes did not occur in Hx rats, even when Hx rats received replacement doses of thyroxine, ACTH, and growth hormone. Thus, the changes in hepatic protein synthetic activity that occur in rats with acute experimental diabetes mellitus are secondary to the metabolic sequalae of insulin lack and the response of the pituitary gland to insulin deficiency.
 ...
PMID:Effect of hypophysectomy on protein synthetic-activity of free and bound hepatic ribosomes from insulin-deficient rats. 16 9

A 59 year old woman with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and chronic diarrhea was found to have mild steatorrhea, selective plasma IgA deficiency and adrenal insufficiency. Significant adrenal secretion of corticosteroids resulted only after prolonged stimulation with large doses of exogenous ACTH. Plasma ACTH levels were not elevated during clinical adrenal insufficiency or after metyrapone administration but did respond normally to vasopressin and insulin-induced hypoglycemia. These studies were interpreted as showing both primary adrenal insufficiency and impaired pituitary reserve for ACTH secretion in response to the feedback stimulus. No deficiency was found in secretion of other pituitary tropic hormones. Jejunal biopsy showed a lack of IgA-containing plasma cells. With cortisone replacement, diarrhea subsided and a malabsorption pattern on a film of the small bowel was no longer seen. IgA deficiency has been noted frequently with steatorrhea but rarely with diabetes and only once previously with adrenal insufficiency.
 ...
PMID:Atypical adrenal insufficiency with failure of the pituitary feedback receptor. A case with associated diabetes mellitus and selective IgA deficiency with steatorrhea. 17 48

A chromophobic pituitary adenoma induced on BD IX-rats has been grafted on animals of the same strain. The transplanted tumour takes in 90-100%; it grows at a slow rate (in 7 months after grafting a weight of 7-20 g is attained). Tumour-bearing animals display gigantism and hypertrophy of adrenals; moreover, in 33% of cases, diabetes is observed. With non-diabetic animals, splenomegaly and marked leukocytosis are observed; immature white and red cells are present in the peripheral blood. Spontaneous regression of the tumour never occurs. After surgical removal, tumour regrowth and the formation of metastases are observed. Diabetes is characterised by pronounced hyperglycaemia, glucosuria, polyphagia and polydipsia. Histochemically, insulin cannot be detected in pancreas. Splenomegaly is never observed in diabetic animals. Transplanted adenoma frequently tends to stop growing. No recurrence is observable after extirpation. Spontaneous regression of the tumour sometimes occurs. Gigantism, hypertrophy of adrenals and diabetes are considered as consequences of growth hormone- and ACTH-secretion of the transplanted adenoma. At present the tumour is running in the 8th passage. It did not change its characteristics over a period of 5 years.
 ...
PMID:Transplantable, STH-producing and diabetogenic pituitary adenoma of the BD IX-strain of rats. 17 13

The effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), administered im in a total weekly dose of 400, 700, or 1200 mg, on the pituitary-adrenal axis were studied in 12 cancer patients and 1 patient with diabetes mellitus. MPA reduced mean A.M. plasma cortisol concentrations by 76% and mean P.M. cortisol concentrations by 75%. The 24-hour production rate of cortisol was reduced by 67%. 41% of the individual A.M. cortisol determinations and 61% of the individual P.M. determinations were not significantly (p greater than .001) different from 0. Plasma ACTH levels were low throughout treatment, and the response to maximal ACTH stimulation was not pronounced. Evidence of adrenal insufficiency was not observed in any of the patients. The results demonstrate the corticosteroid replacement properties of MPA, and it is suggested that the suppression of adrenal function is most likely mediated by a negative feedback action on the hypothalamus or pituitary.
 ...
PMID:The effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on the pituitary-adrenal axis. 17 84

To determine the cause of selective aldosterone deficiency in two patients with diabetes mellitus, studies of renin and of aldosterone-precursor metabolites were performed under conditions of sodium depletion and ACTH stimulation. Plasma renin concentration was elevated in both patients, and stimulated plasma renin activity was low in one and normal in the other. Fractionation of plasma extracts demonstrated the presence of "big renin," a relatively inactive precursor of renin. Metabolites of aldosterone precursors were increased, suggesting deficient 18-hydroxylase in one patient and dehydrogenase in the other. The results suggest that hypoaldosteronism in diabetic patients may result from combined defects in both renin and aldosterone biosynthesis.
 ...
PMID:Big renin and biosynthetic defect of aldosterone in diabetes mellitus. 18 84

Locally recurrent, poorly differentiated carcinoma of the prostate was associated with hypokalemic alkalosis, marked hypernatremia, diabetes mellitus of recent onset, and hyperosmolar syndrome. These findings, with mild hypertension, in the absence of clinical features of Cushing's syndrome, suggested an ectopic ACTH syndrome. Plasma ACTH and cortisol levels were markedly elevated, and failed to suppress in response to either low or high-dose dexamethazone administration. The patient's condition deteriorated rapidly. Autopsy findings included carcinoma extensively infiltrating the prostate with extension to the urinary bladder, and metastases confined to the pelvic nodes and soft tissues. The adrenal glands weighed 23 g and showed diffuse hyperplasia. Extract of the prostatic tumor was analyzed for ACTH and showed approximately 40 times normal plasma levels (or about 4,010 pg/g of tissue); ultrastructural features showed secretory granules consistent with ACTH content of the tumor cells. Such cells were positive when stained for ACTH by peroxidase-tagged immunochemical methods. The case fulfills all established criteria for relating excess corticosteroid production and nonpituitary tumors.
 ...
PMID:Ectopic ACTH, prostatic oat cell carcinoma, and marked hypernatremia. 19 43

The factors that control adrenal steroid secretion and metabolism were investigated in rats made diabetic with Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) and used one month after treatment. Diabetic animals possessed high resting levels of plasma corticosterone accompanied by adrenal hypertrophy; the showed an increased response to the stress of i.p. cold water injection. Moreover, the pituitaries of diabetic rats seemed to be releasing ACTH continuously and not storing it. Upon adrenal inhibition with Aminoglutethimide the expected increase in adrenal cholesterol and weight was of a smaller magnitude than in controls. The activity of liver enzymes that reduce ring A of corticosterone showed decreased activity in diabetics, which suggests that more corticosterone rather than its inactive metabolites were available to--but not able to suppress--the steroid feedback sites. The half-life of corticosterone in blood was similar in diabetes and controls. These results suggest that (a) diabetic animals were in a chronic stress condition; (b) the threshold for steroid feedback was less sensitive to variations in plasma corticosterone; (c) there is an abnormal peripheral disposal of corticosterone, but that other factors, besides the liver, regulate the clearance of the hormone from the circulation in the diabetic animals.
 ...
PMID:Abnormal regulation of adrenal function in rats with streptozotocin diabetes. 20 50

In the rat, the administration of beta1-24-corticotrophin during 7 days following an uninephrectomy enhances significantly the compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney. There is no increase in renal compensatory hypertrophy when ACTH is injected to previously adrenalectomized rats. This action of ACTH could be related to the diabetes mellitus induced by this hormone or to an increase in sodium reabsorption by the tubular epithelial cells.
 ...
PMID:[Enhancement of compensatory renal hypertrophy by beta-1-24 corticotropin in the rat]. 20 74

In three patients with diabetes and hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism changes in renin activity, plasma aldosterone and cortisol were examined under various conditions: orthostasis and intravenous furosemide, infusion of synthetic beta1-24 ACTH on two consecutive days and diurnal variations in basal hormone fluctuations. Each patient showed unmeasurably low renin activity unresponsive to orthostasis and intravenous furosemide while plasma aldosterone was below normal range. Under ACTH-infusion only marked increases in aldosterone were observed in one patient whereas cortisol responded normally in all diabetics tested. Analysis of diurnal night day fluctuations (20.00-8.00) in plasma aldosterone and cortisol revealed a close and statistically significant relationship between both hormones in each of the three patients (p less then 0.05-less than 0.001). Variations in plasma aldosterone thus were mediated through changes in endogenous pituitary ACTH. Compared with normal controls however, diurnal aldosterone curves were set at a lower level. Our results demonstrate that a reduced sensitivity of the adrenal gland to ACTH is not responsible for the observed subnormal plasma aldosterone levels in these patients. Therefore, the lack of circulating angiotensin II seems to be the causative reason of hypoaldosteronism. The exact mechanism of undetectable renin activity in these patients remains unknown.
 ...
PMID:Control of plasma aldosterone in diabetic patients with hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. 20 28


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>