Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The blood monocytes adhere to endothelial cells unstimulated and after stimulation by interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor or other mediators. This process is mediated through specific molecules on both endothelial cells and monocytes. Using specific monoclonal antibodies and molecular cloning several families of molecules involved in leukocyte endothelial cell interaction have been defined. Leukocyte adhesion molecules include the three beta 2 integrins (CD11/CD18 molecules), VLA-4 and the L-Selectin. E-Selectin (ELAM-1), P-Selectin (GMP-140) and receptors of the immunoglobulin superfamily (ICAM-1, ICAM-2 and VCAM-1) are expressed on endothelial cells in basal conditions and after activation. It has been shown that these adhesive molecules are involved in blood monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Monocytes from patients with diabetes mellitus had an increased adhesion to endothelial cells in culture. As estimated by flow cytometry CD11b/CD18 expression on diabetic monocytes was increased. Pentoxifylline reduced CD11b/CD18 expression on normal and diabetic monocytes. This effect was associated to a decrease in monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells.
 ...
PMID:Molecular mechanism of blood monocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cells. 134 May 30

A 60-year-old HIV-negative man with known noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and glucose 6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency anemia suffered from chronic recurrent furunculosis since the age of 30. In recent years, his condition had become increasingly severe and the recurrences increasingly frequent. Different measures including continuous therapy with large doses of systemic antibiotics for a period of 6 months failed to prevent the recurrences. Oral treatment with pentoxifylline 400 mg t.i.d. was prescribed, and 2 months later the patient experienced a dramatic and complete remission of his furunculosis. Six months later he was still totally free of lesions while continuing to take the same medication. Pentoxifylline may provide a new and effective approach to the previously difficult and often disappointing problem of the management of patients with chronic recurrent furunculosis.
 ...
PMID:Intractable chronic furunculosis: prevention of recurrences with pentoxifylline. 136 45

Painful diabetic distal sensory neuropathy is a disabling and common complication of diabetes mellitus. There is evidence that microvascular changes resulting in ischemia to the vasa nervorum may contribute to this problem. Pentoxifylline has been shown to improve circulation through partially occluded peripheral vessels and has been postulated to be of potential benefit. Forty adult type II diabetics were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study utilizing pentoxifylline for six months. Visual analog scores, nerve conduction studies, and physical examinations were used to evaluate response to treatment. At the end of the six-month trial, there was no significant difference in the patients' pain between the pentoxifylline- and placebo-treated groups. The authors conclude that pentoxifylline is not useful in the treatment of painful distal diabetic neuropathy.
 ...
PMID:Pentoxifylline in the treatment of distal diabetic neuropathy. 192 15

To assess the clinical effectiveness of pentoxifylline (Trental) in the treatment of intermittent claudication and ischemic rest pain, 129 patients were retrospectively interviewed with respect to compliance and improvement of symptoms. Risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis were tabulated, as was the severity of symptomatic lower extremity peripheral vascular insufficiency. The duration of pentoxifylline treatment was 35.8 +/- 45.0 weeks (mean +/- 1 S.D.). Forty-eight percent of the patients discontinued pentoxifylline on their own, most commonly because of side effects (13%) or perceived lack of improvement (23%). Of those patients taking pentoxifylline for eight weeks or more (n = 110), 64% noted some improvement, with 31% reporting increased claudication distance and 52% reduced claudication pain. Pentoxifylline provided pain relief in 52% of patients with ischemic rest pain (n = 27). Neither diabetes, hypertension, concomitant antiplatelet therapy, the severity of claudication, nor pretreatment ankle-brachial Doppler pressures were related to treatment outcome. Increased daily walking exercise during treatment was associated with successful outcome (p = 0.04). Clinical response to pentoxifylline was inversely related to the number of cigarettes smoked daily in those with 1 block claudication (n = 71, p = 0.05). Pentoxifylline was not very effective in increasing reported claudication distance. This review suggests that pentoxifylline may be of value for patients with ischemic rest pain when arterial reconstruction is not possible. Whether pentoxifylline is useful adjunctive therapy for intermittent claudication requires further scrutiny.
 ...
PMID:Pentoxifylline in the nonoperative management of intermittent claudication. 199 79

Peripheral neuropathy, infection, and peripheral vascular disease can produce serious problems in diabetic patients, particularly in the lower limbs. Ulceration of the foot may progress to gangrene and ultimately necessitate amputation. Distal symmetric polyneuropathy causes sensory loss. Such loss in patients with peripheral vascular disease creates a high risk for foot ulcers, which are vulnerable to infection. Treatment includes relief of neuropathic pain and antibiotic therapy for infection. Pentoxifylline (Trental) improves microvascular flow and appears to be effective against peripheral vascular disease. Aldose reductase inhibitors are being investigated as therapy for diabetic neuropathy. Prevention is the mainstay of management in these patients. Patient education is essential to help maintain health and prevent the potential adverse effects of diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Lower limb problems in diabetic patients. What are the causes? What are the remedies? 203 95

Recent epidemiological studies have shown that an increase in fibrinogen level (even a slight increase) is an important risk factor for vascular disease. Consequently, drugs which induce a decrease in fibrinogen are of great importance. Pentoxifylline given in patients with vascular disease or in those with high risk of thrombosis (diabetes, arteritis) induces a significant decrease in plasma fibrinogen level. Furthermore, in patients with arteritis, the decrease in fibrinogen level after pentoxifylline is correlated with the improvement in the walking distance. Several hypotheses may be taken into account to explain the decrease in fibrinogen induced by pentoxifylline. The hypothesis based upon a decrease of fibrinogen synthesis seems very fascinating since pentoxifylline, inducing a decrease in Interleukin 1 activity on leukocytes, might be responsible also for a decrease in interleukin 1 activity as fibrinogen stimulating factor. Furthermore, the effect of pentoxifylline on fibrinolysis, reported by some authors, is also of importance for the prevention of thrombotic disorder.
 ...
PMID:[The biology of fibrinogen. The role of pentoxifylline]. 265 12

Indices of the system of hemostasis, the levels of glycolysated hemoglobin were studied in 67 patients suffering from non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with lower limb angiopathies (aged 40 to 60). Rheovasography of the lower limbs was performed. The patients were treated with antidiabetic drugs per os (with the exception of hydroxydione sodium succinate), platelet aggregation inhibitors (pentoxifylline, acetylsalicylic acid) and vasodilators (xanthinol nicotinate, solcoseryl and cinnarizine). The use of pentoxifylline after therapy increased the rate of platelet aggregation inhibition and decreased the prothrombin index, not influencing the other indices of the system of hemostasis. Pentoxifylline combined with acetylsalicylic acid at small doses normalized not only platelet indices but also the other indices of the system of hemostasis. Positive changes in the system of hemostasis were accompanied by a rise of the rheographic index in patients with vascular functional changes. In obliterating atherosclerosis the rheographic index was not on an increase indicating the necessity of corrective therapy of vascular lesions, first of all in the system of hemostasis, in the early period of diabetes mellitus.
 ...
PMID:[Characteristics of disturbances in the hemostasis system in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with angiopathies of the vessels of the lower extremities]. 321 77

Diabetic neuropathy includes a heterogenous group of neuropathic syndromes associated with diabetes mellitus. One form of diabetic neuropathy is distal symmetric polyneuropathy, which is characterized at a late stage by intractable pain. This pain is generally refractory to present modalities of therapy except for narcotics. Pentoxifylline offers a new approach to therapy, reducing the blood viscosity and improving perfusion of ischemic microcirculation. A case report will be presented of intractable painful peripheral neuropathy responding dramatically to pentoxifylline therapy.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of diabetic neuropathy with pentoxifylline: case report. 336 3

Erythrocytes from diabetic patients show abnormal rheology. Pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine, improves the abnormal deformability of diabetic erythrocytes, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. We have studied the effect of pentoxifylline on the lipid order of erythrocyte membranes from controls and patients with Type I diabetes. We studied the structural organization of membrane lipids in individual erythrocyte ghosts by fluorescence polarization using a cell sorter. Fluorescence polarization values (P) for 17 controls (P = 0.244) and 20 diabetic patients (P = 0.215) were significantly different. Pentoxifylline added in vitro had no effect on normal membranes, but significantly increased at 10(-5) mol X l-1 (P = 0.233), and normalized at 10(-4) mol X l-1 (P = 0.243), the P value of membrane ghosts from diabetics.
 ...
PMID:Correction by pentoxifylline of the abnormal fluorescence polarization of erythrocyte membranes from diabetic patients. 355 79

An association between renal microvascular complications and hemorheological alterations has been suggested in diabetes mellitus. Therefore, a hemorheologic approach in the treatment of diabetic microproteinuria has been proposed. Eighty-two type I and type II diabetic patients with microproteinuria were randomized and assigned to two different protocols: protocol A, patients treated with pentoxifylline (Trental 400); protocol B, patients without hemorheologic treatment, in whom hypoglycemic therapy was just more strictly enforced. A significant improvement of the hemorheologic pattern and a significant marked reduction of albumin excretion rate and proteinuria was found in diabetic patients treated with pentoxifylline, independently of the degree of metabolic control. These results were readily achieved and were confirmed throughout the study. Moreover, these results were comparable to those obtained in diabetic patients of protocol B. Pentoxifylline might therefore be considered as the first useful therapeutic agent in the treatment of diabetic microproteinuria.
 ...
PMID:Pentoxifylline, albumin excretion rate and proteinuria in type I and type II diabetic patients with microproteinuria. Results of a short-term randomized study. 375 50


1 2 3 4 Next >>