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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intestinal sucrose hydrolysis and absorption of monosaccharide products was studied in vivo utilizing the segmental perfusion technique in diabetic and control rats. The proximal jejunum was perfused with 20 mM sucrose, 140 mM NaCl and 0.5% PEG with 14C-PEG, as the nonabsorbable marker. Rates of sucrose hydrolysis and adsorption of monosaccharide products (fructose, and glucose) were determined. There were no statistically significant differences between the diabetic and control rats. This indicates that the previously reported increase in sucrase activity in diabetes does not correlate with enhanced rates of sucrose hydrolysis. Several possibilities for the interpretation of these results are discussed.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:Intestinal digestion and absorption of sucrose in experimental diabetes. 102 Jun 13

Ribosomal RNA was extracted from hepatic ribosomal subunits of rats treated with alloxan or with alloxan and insulin and additionally injected with 3H-uridine. Sedimentation of the extracted RNA through sucrose, gradients with registration of the optical density and with measurement of the radioactivity of rRNA reveals reduction of uridine incorporation after the induction of diabetes of diabetes mellitus. If alloxan-diabetic animals are substituted with insulin, this decrease in uridine incorporation is reversed to incorporation rates which even exceed uridine incorporation of control animals. With regard to the reduction of protein synthesis in diabetes mellitus this finding of reduced rRNA synthesis is suggested to be an additional factor in the reduction of ribosomal aggregation.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:Stimulation of 3H-uridine incorporation into ribosomal ribonucleic acids by insulin. 102 Jun 14

The excretion of estriol into the maternal urine is an effective means of evaluating the fetus in pregnancies complicated by a number of metabolic disorders, such as chronic hypertension, renal disease, pre-eclampsia, etc. It is generally used in the management of pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes mellitus even though some question has been raised as to its validity for this disorder. In this study we have evaluated estriol precursors in the form of 17-ketosteroids in the urine of pregnant women with mild diabetes mellitus as well as a non-diabetic control group. Urinary total estrogen excretion was also determined. Diabetics were found to excrete significantly higher amounts of 17-ketosteroids than the non-diabetic group. The possible significance of this finding in relation to the dynamics of estriol production in pregnancy is discussed.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:Urinary 17-ketosteroids in diabetic and non-diabetic pregnancies. 102 54

The morphologic characteristics of the chorial villi from normal full-term placentas and from placentas of different clinical types of diabetic women were studied. The latter showed early maturation of the trophoblast, higher percentage of villi with stromal edema, and higher percentage of vessels of the villous trunks with lesions causing partial or total obstruction of the vascular lumen. The fact that the diabetic patients were treated suggests that the metabolic correction of diabetes mellitus prevents the occurrence or development of the multiple disturbances which the disease produces in the evolution of human pregnancy.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:Pathology of the trophoblast and fetal vessels of the placenta in maternal diabetes mellitus. 102 53

An intravenous and oral glucose tolerance test and an intravenous tolbutamide test have been performed in 11 MZ twin pairs, discordant for diabetes mellitus. Blood sugar, immunoreactive insulin, and free fatty acids were determined. The research aimed at finding out whether prediabetic subjects may show any characteristic parameter which could be suggestive of the hereditary disposition. Three MZ twins of juvenile diabetics showed a normal blood glucose, immunoreactive insulin, and free fatty acids during the glucose and tolbutamide loads within a maximum of 10 years observation.
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PMID:Metabolic research in monozygotic twins with diabetes mellitus: progress report. 103 76

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the intravenous administration of xylitol and sorbitol respectively on plasma insulin and blood glucose in subjects with non-insulin requiring maturity-onset diabetes after an overnight fast. All participants had two intravenous applications with an interval of at least 3 days. Part of the patients started with xylitol and had later on sorbitol; the other part had the reversed sequence. There are two series: Series A: Rapid i.v. application of 0.5 g/kg within 10 minutes (n = 8. Series B: i.v. infusion with 0.5 g/kg/hour for 2 hours (n =9). In addition, 4 subjects of this series had another xylitol infusion after pretreatment with tolbutamide (1000 mg orally 60 minutes before starting the infusion). In respect to insulin secretion there were differences between the two compounds related to the speed of application. With the rapid intravenous injection there was a higher peak and a larger total insulin secretion with sorbitol whereas with the infusion insulin secretion was more pronounced with xylitol. Intravenous application of both carbohydrates caused a certain increase in blood glucose. By pretreatment with tolbutamide the increase of blood glucose due to xylitol could be avoided in spite of the fact that the insulin secretion remained unchanged.
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PMID:[Comparative study of i.v. administration of xylitol and sorbitol to diabetics]. 106 38

The activity of the succinate dehydrogenase-coenzyme Q10 reductase from 120 diabetic patients was significantly lower (P less than 0.001) and the per cent deficiency was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than that of the controls. The diabetes of 37 patients was controlled by diet; the enzyme activity was lower (P less than 0.001) and the deficiency was higher (P less than 0.02) than for controls. In decreasing effectiveness, Dymelor, Glyburide, Phenformin and Tolazamide inhibited the COQ10-enzyme, NADH-oxidase. Tolbutamide, Glypizide, and Chlorpropamide were noninhibitory to succinoxidase and NADH-oxidase. Patients receiving Tolazamide and Phenformin showed a higher incidence (P less than 0.001 to P less than 0.05) of COQ10-deficiency than patients controlled by diet or normal controls. Certain diabetic patients controlled by diet may have a deficiency of COQ10 which may be enhanced by the inhibition by certain commonly used antidiabetic drugs of COQ10-enzymes. A deficiency of COQ10 in the pancreas could impair bioenergetics, the generation of ATP, and the biosynthesis of insulin.
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PMID:Bioenergetics in clinical medicine. XI. Studies on coenzyme Q and diabetes mellitus. 107 May 15

In 16 healthy volunteers tolbutamide tests or i.v. glucose tolerance tests were performed with and without previous oral administration of 1000 mg diftalone. Blood sugar and serum insulin were assayed in regular intervals. Both with and without previous administration of diftalone blood glucose after tolbutamide did not show any difference. IRI response to tolbutamide, measured by planimetrical integration showed a statistically significant augmentation (0.05 greater than p greater than 0.01) after diftalone. Glucose assimilation (K-value) after diftalone was decreased (0.05 greater than p greater than 0.01) yet within normal range. For the accompanying insulin levels however no statistically significant difference was observed. In addition a normalisation of pathological tolbutamide test after diftalone could be noted in five patients with subclinical diabetes. Our results indicate that diftalone seems to have the following three actions: 1. Enhancement of the tolbutamide action. 2. direct augmentation of IRI secretion, 3. a peripheral action on glucose metabolism.
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PMID:Influence of diftalone on tolbutamide test and i.v. glucose tolerance test. 108 82

No increased mortality trend attributable to tolbutamide is shown by an analysis of variance on logit-transformed data from the University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP) study. The UGDP's controversial finding of an increased rate with mortality subgrouped by "cardiovascular" causes is confirmed by the Biometric Committee's report, with reservations that failed to include overriding decisive factors. The basic problem is that inspected data set up the hypothesis (the increased cardiovascular mortality), and that the same data were used to test the hypothesis, so that resulting probability values no longer have the usual meaning. The problem was compounded by multiple testing of the data without adjusting the probability levels. When cardiovascular deaths were redefined as myocardial infarcts and sudden deaths, in an attempt to test a proposed etiologic inotropic hypothesis, no significant increase in cardiovascular mortality was found.
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PMID:Decisive factors in the tolbutamide controversy. 109 61

Repeated intensive pancreatic beta-cell stimulation was carried out in 42 subjects, comprising 22 normal controls, 10 mild to "severe" maturity-onset diabetics, and 10 chronic pancreatitis patients. Each subject received 75 gm. oral glucose twice and 1 mg. glucagon plus 0.5 gm. tolbutamide intravenously three times at short intervals. Each of the three combined stimuli caused almost equivalent marked spikes of insulin release in all experimental groups. The total calculated output of insulin was equivalent to the total daily insulin output in normal subjects. Pancreatitics and those with severe diabetes (fasting blood sugar greater than 120 mg./100 ml.) had qualitatively similar but a quantitatively smaller response. Those with mild diabetes were similar to the normal subjects but had an exaggerated response to the second oral glucose dose, suggesting overactivity of the enteroinsular axis. Despite the inordinate insulin levels, hypoglycemia did not occur.
Diabetes 1976 Jan
PMID:The inexhaustible beta cell. 110 93


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